Kugona Kugadzirisa Zviratidzo Zvakasiyana muKugadzira PCB Yakawanda: Kiyi Yekutumira Data Nekukurumidza Kwakavimbika

Munguva ino yekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi nekukurumidza, maPCB ane frequency yakakura anoita basa rakakosha muzvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano. Sezvo huwandu hwekutumira data huri kukwira, kugadzirisa masaini akasiyana kwave nzira yakakosha yekuona kuti data rinofamba nekukurumidza uye rakasimba. Kune mainjiniya ekugadzira maPCB, kunzwisisa nekushandisa kugadzirisa masaini akasiyana zvinobudirira kwakakosha pakuvaka maPCB ane frequency yepamusoro uye anoshanda zvakanyanya.

Nheyo dzeKusiyanisa Signal Processing

Zviratidzo zvekusiyanisa zvine zviratidzo zviviri zvakaenzana asi zvakasiyana zvinotumirwa kuburikidza nemitsara miviri. Kusiyana nezviratidzo zvechinyakare zvine magumo ega ega, zviratidzo zvekusiyanisa zvinotumirwa kuburikidza nezvikamu zviviri zvekusiyanisa, zvichipa dziviriro yakanaka yekusapindirana kwemaitiro akafanana.

Munzvimbo dzePCB dzine ruzha rwemagetsi rwakanyanya, kupindirana kwemaitiro emagetsi kwakawanda. Kupindirana kwezviratidzo zvinosiyanisa kunoderedza izvi nekubvumira kupindirana kwekunze kuti kukanganise mitsara yese miviri zvakafanana. Pakusvika kwemhinduro, differential amplifier inoita kubvisa zviratidzo, ichibvisa ruzha rwemaitiro emagetsi uye ichivandudza zvakanyanya kutendeseka kwekutumira. Semuenzaniso, mu5G communication base stations, dzinoda huwandu hwakawanda hwekutumira data nekukurumidza, kugadzirisa zviratidzo zvinosiyana kunobudirira kurwisa mamiriro akaomarara eEMI, zvichiita kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti zvakarurama.

Maitiro Akanakisisa Ekugadzirisa Masaini Akasiyana Mukugadzira PCB Yakanyanya Kuwanda

1. Kurongeka kwePCB uye Nzira

• Kufananidza Kureba:Chengeta kureba kwepair dzakasiyana kwakaenzana sezvinobvira. Kushivirira kwakajairika kuri mukati me ±5mil. Kusaenderana kwehurefu kunotungamira mukutsveyama kwesignali, zvichikanganisa nguva uye kusimba kwesignali, zvichiwedzera jitter uye zvikanganiso. Ma serial interfaces anomhanyisa zvakanyanya akadai se USB 3.0 ne HDMI anotevedzera mutemo uyu zvakanyanya.
• Kuronga Nzira Pamwe Chete Nenzvimbo Inoenderana:Mapairi akasiyana anofanirwa kurongwa achienderana nehupamhi hwakaenzana. Izvi zvinoita kuti inductance uye capacitance zvienderane, zvichideredza crosstalk uye kuchengetedza differential impedance. Nzvimbo yakajairika iri pakati pe10-20mil, zvichibva pane dielectric properties uye target impedance.
• Dzivisa MaVias neMakona Akapinza:MaVias anounza parasitic inductance uye capacitance, zvichikanganisa masaini e high-frequency. Kana zvisingadzivisike, shandisa mavias akakura zvakakodzera uye funga nezvekuboorera kumashure kuti ubvise stubs dzakawandisa. Makona akapinza anofanira kutsiviwa ne 45° kana makoronga akatenderera kuti uderedze kuratidzwa kwechiratidzo.

2. Kufananidza Impedance

• Kusiyanisa Impedance Dhizaini:Kusiyana kweimpedance chinhu chakakosha, chinowanzova 50Ω, 75Ω, kana 100Ω. Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemashandisirwo uye interface. Vagadziri vanofanirwa kuyera upamhi hwetrace, nzvimbo, uye maDk values ​​esubstrate vachishandisa macalculator eimpedance. Kushivirira kugadzirwa kwe±10% kunowanzo gamuchirwa.
• Kufananidza Kugumisa:Kugumisa kwakakodzera kunodzivirira kuratidzwa kwechiratidzo. Maitiro akajairika anosanganisira:

• Kugumiswa kweNhevedzano:Chinodzivirira chinoenderana netambo yekutumira chinoiswa mumutsara wakatevedzana panzvimbo inobva kana kuti inogamuchira.
• Kugumiswa kwakafanana:Chinodzivirira chakaenzana ne differential impedance chinoiswa kumagumo emugamuchiri kuti chibate ma reflections. Sarudzo yacho inoenderana nehurefu hwetrace, ma signal frequency, uye simba remutyairi.

Zvikanganiso Zvakajairika, Zvinokonzera, uye Mhinduro

1. Kukanganisa kweChiratidzo uye Zvikanganiso zveBit

• Zviratidzo:Mafambiro asina kurongeka, kusvetuka, kuchinja kwemaoscilloscopes; mwero wepamusoro wekukanganisa kwemabhiti; kuora kwedata; zvinhu zvinoonekwa mukutumira mavhidhiyo.
• Zvinokonzera:

• Kusaenderana kwehurefu zvichikonzera kunonoka kwechikamu.
• Kusawirirana kweImpedance kunotungamira pakuratidzwa kwechiratidzo uye kukanganiswa.
• EMI yekunze inovhiringidza kufamba kwechiratidzo kwakachena.
  • Mhinduro:
• Gadzirisa nzira yekushandisa uchishandisa maturusi eEDA akanyatsogadzirwa.
• Kuenzanisa kureba kwakasimba.
• Kuvandudza kurongeka kwe impedance uchishandisa matekiniki ekugadzira epamusoro uye vanoedza impedance.
• Shandisai matanho ekudzivirira uye nzira dzekuisa zvikamu kuti muderedze EMI.

2. Kutaura nepakati

• Zviratidzo:Mafambiro echiratidzo anoratidza ruzha; mafambiro ehukuru uye echikamu; kutadza kutaurirana.
• Zvinokonzera:

• Kusakwana kwenzvimbo pakati pema differential pairs nezviratidzo zviri pedyo.
• Kusawirirana kwenzvimbo mukati me differential pair pachayo.
  • Mhinduro:
• Chengetedza nzvimbo pakati pezviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana nekanenge katatu kupfuura hupamhi hwetrace.
• Iva nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo dzakafanana uye kurongeka kwakaenzana mukati mezvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana.
• Shandisai mhangura yakakuyiwa yakapoterera mitsetse yakasiyana-siyana kuti muvhare.

Musiyano Wemakwikwi: Kururama vs. Kushaikwa

Makambani ane hunyanzvi hwakasimba hwekugadzirisa masaini akasiyana-siyana anogadzira maPCB ane frequency yepamusoro anovimbisa kuti zvikanganiso zvema bit zvishoma uye mashandiro akagadzikana munzvimbo dzakaoma. Makambani aya anotonga zvikamu zvakaita semuchadenga neHPC nekugara achipa zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro, kuvandudza mashandiro ekugadzira, uye kuwana kuvimba nemusika.

Kune rumwe rutivi, makambani asina ruzivo urwu anosangana nematambudziko akadai sekukanganiswa kwemasaini, huwandu hwakanyanya hwezvikanganiso, uye zvichemo zvevatengi. Izvi zvinotungamira kumitengo yakakwira mushure mekutengesa, mukurumbira wakakuvara, uye kurasikirwa nemugove wemusika.

Nei Tichifanira Kufara Zvakazara?

Nemakumi emakore ehunyanzvi hwakadzama hwehunyanzvi, Mufaro Wakazara Wakapfumainobudirira mu RF uye PCB yepamusoro-sorodhizaini—kunyanya mukugadzirisa zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana. Nzira dzedu dzekugadzira dzepamusoro, timu yeinjiniya ine ruzivo, uye ruzivo rwechokwadi zvinotigonesa kupa maPCB epamusoro uye akavimbika ekushandisa data nekukurumidza.

Tinogamuchira mainjiniya ese ekugadzira maPCB kuti vatevere zvatava kugadziridza. Ticharamba tichigovana ruzivo nezvekuvandudzwa kwePCB kwakawanda sezvatinokurudzira indasitiri iyi pamwe chete.