PCIe 5.0 vs PCIe 6.0 Yakatsanangurwa: Matambudziko Akakosha Ekugadzira PCB yeAI Data Center

Zviri Mukati

• Nhanganyaya: PCIe Evolution uye AI Data Center Zvinodiwa
• Chii chinonzi PCIe 5.0
• Chii chinonzi PCIe 6.0
• Nei AI Data Centers ichida PCIe 5.0 uye 6.0
• Matambudziko eKuvimbika kweSignali: PCIe 5.0 vs 6.0
  • Kurasikirwa Kwekuisa
  • Kudzora Crosstalk uye Impedance
  • Matambudziko Ekuchinja Nzira Nekuronga
• Zvinhu zvePCB Zvinomhanya Nekukurumidza uye Sarudzo Yemaitiro
  • FR4 vs Zvishandiso Zvinokurumidza Kumhanya/Kumhanya Kwakanyanya
  • Kukwidza kwePCB Yepamusoro-soro uye Kusarudzwa kweCopper Foil
• Maitiro Ekushandisa PCIe 6.0 PAM4 Signaling muPCBs
• Nzira dzeKuedza neKusimbisa
• Chidzidzo cheFactory Case uye Kuratidzwa kweKugona
• Mhedziso uye Mazano
• Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa (Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa)

Zvinodiwa nePCIe Evolution uye AI Data Center

PCI Express (PCIe) ndeimwe yemitemo yakakosha yekubatanidza mawebhusaiti neGPU clusters.

Chii chinonzi PCIe 5.0

PCIe 5.0, yakatangwa muna 2019, yakakwidza huwandu hwedata kusvika pa32 GT/s, ichipa angangoita 4 GB/s pamutsetse mumwe uye kusvika ku64 GB/s kune yakazara x16 slot. Ichiri kushandisa NRZ (Non-Return-to-Zero) signaling, ichichengetedza backward compatibility.

Chii chinonzi PCIe 6.0

PCIe 6.0, yakaburitswa muna 2022, inowedzera kumhanya kaviri kusvika pa64 GT/s, ichipa 128 GB/s yakakura ye x16 lanes. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuchinja kuenda kuPAM4 (Pulse-Amplitude Modulation ine mazinga mana) uye kubatanidzwa kweFEC (Forward Error Correction) kuderedza zvikanganiso zvebit. Kuchinja uku kunowedzera zvakanyanya kuomarara kwePCB, kunyanya pakuvimbika kwesignali.

Nei AI Data Centers ichida PCIe 5.0 uye 6.0

Kudzidziswa kweAI uye inference zvinoda kubatana nekukurumidza pakati peGPU neCPU. PCIe 5.0 nePCIe 6.0 zvinopa bandwidth iyo nzvimbo dzedata dzeAI dzinovimba nayo. Sezvo huwandu hweGPU huchiwedzera, matambudziko ekuvimbika kwePCB anowedzera, zvichiita kuti kugadzirwa kwepamusoro kuve kwakakosha.

Matambudziko eKuvimbika kweSignali: PCIe 5.0 vs 6.0

Kurasikirwa Kwekuisa

Kune PCIe 5.0, kushivirira kurasikirwa kwekuisa kuri pa28-30 dB, asi PCIe 6.0 inoda miganho yakaoma, kazhinji iri pasi pe20 dB. Kurasikirwa kwe dielectric (Df) kwezvinhu zvePCB uye kureba kwetrace kunokanganisa zvakananga kana masaini achiramba akagadzikana.

Kudzora Crosstalk uye Impedance

NePAM4 signaling, amplitude inoderedzwa nehafu, zvichiita kuti crosstalk uye reflections zvive zvakaoma. Kugadzirwa kwePCB kunofanirwa kuchengetedza differential impedance mukati me85 ± 5 Ω, zvichida mitemo yakaoma yekuparadzanisa uye nzira dzekudzivirira.

Matambudziko Ekuchinja Nzira Nekuronga

Kureba kwetrace muPCIe 6.0 kunofanira kuderedzwa. Chero trace yakareba kupfuura 10 inches inoda zvinhu zvinorasikirwa zvakanyanya kana kuwedzerwa ma retimers kuchengetedza kusimba kwechiratidzo.

Zvinhu zvePCB Zvinomhanya Nekukurumidza uye Sarudzo Yemaitiro

FR4 vs Zvishandiso Zvinokurumidza Kumhanya/Kumhanya Kwakanyanya

FR4 yakajairika inotadza kushandisa PCIe 6.0. Zvinhu zvepamusoro zvakaita seMegtron 6, Tachyon 100G, uye Isola I-Tera MT40 zvinopa Dr/Df yakaderera, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kushandiswa paPAM4 signaling.

Kukwidza kwePCB Yepamusoro-soro uye Kusarudzwa kweCopper Foil

Kukobvu kwemhangura kwakanyanya kunowedzera kurasikirwa kwekupinza. Ukobvu hwePCB hwekuputira hunokurumidza hunowanzova 1 oz kana kutetepa, nefoil yemhangura yakatsetseka inoshandiswa kuderedza kuomarara kwepazasi uye kuvandudza mashandiro echiratidzo.

Maitiro Ekushandisa PCIe 6.0 PAM4 Signaling muPCBs

Kushandisa PAM4 kunoda kugadziriswa kwakazara kwezvinhu, nzira yekufambisa, uye zvinobatanidza. Kutevedzera Eye-Diagram kunosimbisa mashandiro, nepo kungwarira kuburikidza nekutonga kunoderedza kusagadzikana.

Nzira dzeKuedza neKusimbisa

• Kuongororwa kwekutevedzera mitemo kunoita kuti PCIe 6.0 itevedzere mitemo
• Kuongororwa kweDiagramu yeMaziso kunoongorora kuvhurika kwemaziso
• Kugadziriswa kweTX/RX neFEC kunoderedza mwero wekukanganisa kwema bit
• Kuongororwa kweCEM kunosimbisa kushanda pamwe chete kwesystem-level

Chidzidzo cheFactory Case uye Kuratidzwa kweKugona

Hunyanzvi hwedu mukugadzira PCB dzeAI data center hunosanganisira:

• Kugadzirwa kwakawanda nema laminates ane kurasikirwa kwakanyanya
• Kukwanisa kudzora nzira yekumhanya nekukurumidza uye impedance
• Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kudzikira kwe40% muBER uye kuvandudzwa kwe12% kwe latency muGPU interconnects

Zvinokurudzirwa

PCIe 5.0 nePCIe 6.0 dziri kutsanangura patsva kugadzirwa kwePCB kwenzvimbo dzedata dzeAI. Mainjiniya ekugadzira anofanira kukoshesa zvinhu zvinomhanya zvakanyanya, kugadzirisa nzira dzekufambisa data, uye simulations dzakasimba. Vatungamiriri vekutenga vanofanira kushanda pamwe chete nevagadziri vePCB vane ruzivo mukugadzira magadzirirwo anomhanya zvakanyanya.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa (Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa)

Mubvunzo 1: Ndeapi musiyano mukuru uripo pakati pePCIe 5.0 nePCIe 6.0?

A1: Kumhanya kunowedzera kubva pa32 GT/s kusvika pa64 GT/s, nekushandiswa kwePAM4 neFEC.

Mubvunzo wechipiri: Sei nzvimbo dzeruzivo rweAI dzine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pakugadzira maPCB?

A2: Chikero cheGPU cluster chakakura, nzira dzekubatanidza dzakareba, uye matambudziko ekuvimbika kwemasaini akakosha.

Mubvunzo wechitatu: Ndezvipi zvakajairika zvezvinhu zvePCB zvinomhanya zvakanyanya?

A3: Megtron 6, Tachyon 100G, I-Tera MT40.

Mubvunzo wechina: Ungaderedza sei kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo muPCIe 6.0?

A4: Sarudza zvinhu zvisinganyanyi kurasikirwa, dzora kureba kwekutevera, shandisa zvinodzoreredza nguva.

Q5: Ko ukobvu hwePCB plating hunokanganisa zviratidzo here?

A5: Ehe, ukobvu hwemhangura hwakawanda hunowedzera kurasikirwa. Shandisa mhangura yakatsetseka ine ukobvu hwakakodzera.

Mubvunzo 6: Maitiro ekusimbisa mashandiro ePCIe channel mumabhodhi eAI data center?

A6: Kuburikidza nekuyedza kutevedzera mitemo, kuongorora Eye-Diagram, uye kuyera FEC.