Rondedzero yekutarisa zvinhu zvisingatarisirwi pakugadzira PCB

Munyika yemazuva ano yedhijitari inomhanya zvikuru, mabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa ane mafrequency akawanda (PCBs) ndiwo musimboti wematekinoroji epamusoro akadai se5G communications, satellite navigation, radar systems, high-performance computing, uye premium consumer electronics. Hunhu hwekugadzirwa kwePCB ine mafrequency akawanda hunokanganisa zvakananga kugadzikana, kushanda zvakanaka, uye kuvimbika kwesystem yese yemagetsi.

Kune mainjiniya ekugadzira maPCB, kuziva misimboti yekugadzira maPCB eRF uye kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvakakosha zvekugadzira kwakakosha. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki pakugadzira maPCB, chinotsanangura zvikonzero nemhedzisiro yazvo, uye chinoratidza musiyano mukuru pakati pemagadzirirwo epamusoro neasina kushanda zvakanaka.

1, Matanho ekugadzira nzira

✕ Kuregeredza Kufananidza Hunhu hweImpedance

Kutumirwa kwechiratidzo mumaPCB ane frequency yakakwira kunoda kudzora kwakasimba kweimpedance, kazhinji mukati me ±5% yezvinangwa zvakaita se50Ω kana 75Ω. Kutadza kufunga nezvehupamhi hwetrace, nzvimbo, ukobvu hwe dielectric, uye zvinhu Dk zvinogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kweimpedance, zvichikonzera:

● Kuratidzwa kwechiratidzo
● Kukanganiswa kwechimiro chemafungu
● Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekukanganisa kwebit
● Kuderedza zviratidzo zvakanyanya
Semuenzaniso, mu5G base stations, kusawirirana kweimpedance kunotungamira mukurasikirwa kwedata packet, kusabatana zvakanaka, uye kusaziva zvakanaka kwemushandisi. Shandisa maturusi ekufananidzira emagetsi kuti uverenge impedance nemazvo, uye gara uchifunga nezve magadzirirwo emagetsi uye kuenderana kwestackup.

✕ Topology yenzira isina kunaka

Zvisarudzo zvisina kunaka zvekufambisa nzira—zvakadai senzira refu, dzakamanikana, kana kuti dzakanyatsozara—zvinogona kukonzera:

● Kunonoka uye kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo nekuda kwehurefu hwakanyanya
● Kudzivirirwa kwakanyanya uye kupisa kubva pamitsetse yakamanikana
● Kupindirana pakati pemitsara iri pedyo
Tevedzera mitemo yekugadzira yakaita se:
● INOTEVERA ● FEXT Munzvimbo dzinomhanya zvakanyanya (USB 3.0, HDMI), kufananidza ma "tight differential pair" (±5mil) uye nzira dzekufambisa dzakagadziriswa zvakakosha pakuchengetedza kuvimbika kwemasaini.

2, Maitiro ekugadzira Stackup Structure

✕ Kuverengwa Kwemarunda Asina Kurongeka Uye Kusarudzwa Kwezvinhu
Kuwanda kwezvikamu kunofanirwa kuratidza kuomarara kwedunhu uye zvinodiwa zvekuparadzanisa. Zvikamu zvakawandisa zvinowedzera kuomarara kwemutengo uye kugadziriswa; zvikamu zvishoma zvinoganhurira kuronga kwechiratidzo nemagetsi.

Usabvumiranise zvinhu zvakanyanya pakusarudzwa: shandisa zvinhu zvinogara zvichishandiswa kakawanda se Rogers RO4350B ne:

● Chinochinjika che dielectric (Dk)
● Chinhu chinoderedza kupararira kweropa (Df)
Kushandisa FR4 yakajairwa kana substrates dzisina kukodzera mu mmWave PCBs (24–52GHz) kunotungamira ku:

● Kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kwechiratidzo
● Kusagadzikana kweImpedance
● Kutapurirana kwemashoko kwaderera

✕ Kusatarisa zvinodiwa pakunyoresa ma "Interlayer" uye "Lamination"

Kusarongeka zvakanaka kwezvikamu > ±50μm kunogona kukonzera mapfupi, macircuit akavhurika, uye kutadza kushanda zvakanaka. Kusashanda zvakanaka kwelamination kunotungamira ku:

● Kubviswa kwechiedza
● Kuratidzwa kwechiratidzo
● Kusagadzikana kwemuchina
Vagadziri vanofanirwa kushanda pamwe chete nevagadziri, vachitsanangura kuti:
● Tembiricha yekudziya: 180–220°C
● Kumanikidzwa: 5–10MPa
● Nguva: Maminetsi 30–60
● Kuenzana kwemhangura uye kuunganidzwa kwakaenzana kuderedza kushushikana

3, Via uye Pad Design Taboos

✕ Kuburikidza neRudzi neSaizi Zvisirizvo zveMasaini eHigh-Frequency

Kusarudza maburi ekupinza panzvimbo pemaburi asingaonekwe kana kuti akavigwa kunowedzera mukana wekuti parasitic inductance/capacitance, zvichikonzera:

● Kunonoka kwechiratidzo
● Kusarongeka
● Kufungisisa mumigwagwa inomhanya zvikuru
Uyewo, dzivisai kuita dhayamita diki (● Kusarongeka kwechibooreso
● Kuisa jira rakashata
● Kudzivirira kwakanyanya
Kusarudzwa kwakakodzera kunowedzera kusimba kwechiratidzo uye kugona kugadzirwa.

✕ Kuregeredza Kugadzirwa kwePad uye Kuenderana kweSoldering

Mapedhi anofanirwa kugadzirwa nenzira yekusonesa yaunoda:
● Kubatanidzazve mvura kunoda saizi chaiyo yepedhi kuti inyoroveswe
● Kubatanidza mafungu kunoda nzvimbo yekudzivirira kuungana
Kupera kwepamusoro senge ENIG (Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold) kunowedzera kugona kwekusonesa uye kuramba kuoxidation. Kusagadzirwa zvakanaka kwemapedhi kana kupedzisa zvinokonzeresa:
● Majoini anotonhora
● Kubatanidza mabhiriji
● Kuoresa uye kuvhurika kwemasero

4, Zvikanganiso, Zvinokonzera, uye Mapoka Emhando Yekugadzira

Zviratidzo Zvinowanzoitika Zvehurema

● Kuderedza kupenya kwechiratidzo uye kukanganiswa kwechimiro chemafungu

● Kutaurirana pakati pezviratidzo

● Kupatsanurwa kwezvikamu uye mapfupi edunhu

● Kutsemuka kwezvimedu, kuburikidza nekuvharika, kana kuoxidation kwepad

Zvikonzero Zvikuru

● Kusawirirana kweImpedance kubva pakuverenga kusina kunaka kwetrace

● Kusasarudzwa kwakakwana kwezvinhu zveRF frequency

● Kuronga kusina kunaka kwezvikamu zvemastaketi pasina kurongeka kwemaitiro

● Kusatarisirwa zvakanaka kuburikidza nezvipembenene uye kushivirira kubhoorwa

● Zviyero zvepad hazvina kuenzana nemaitiro ekusonesa

Kuenzanisa Kwemukana Wekugadzira

5. Mufaro Wakazara Unokwanisa Kugadzirisa Matambudziko Ese

Chikanganiso chega chega chekugadzira—kubva pakusawirirana kweimpedance uye kurongeka kwekutevera kusvika pakukundikana kwestackup uye kusagadzikana kuburikidza nekugadzira—chinogona kukanganisa mashandiro eRF PCB. KuRich Full Joy, mainjiniya edu eRF nenyanzvi dzekugadzira vanoshanda pamwe chete ku:

● Iva nechokwadi chekuti magadzirirwo ekugadzira (DFM) anotevedzera mitemo
● Shandisa maturusi epamusoro ekufananidzira eEM
● Shandisa hunyanzvi hwezvinhu zvinoitwa kakawanda
● Ipa marongero anobatsira zvikuru uye agadzirira kugadzirwa
Ingave iri ye5G base stations, radar systems, kana satellite communication, tinova nechokwadi chekuti PCB yako inoshanda nekukurumidza, nekuvimbika.

6、Shamwari Nemufaro Wakazara: Dhizaini Yakangwara, Inoshanda Zviri Nani

Nemakore akawanda eruzivo rweRF PCB, Rich Full Joy yave neruzivo rwekudzora masaini epamusoro-soro. Tinosanganisa dhizaini inotungamirwa nesimulation, sainzi yezvinhu, uye kugadzira kwepamusoro-soro kuti tigadzire maPCB anopfuura mwero wemhando yepamusoro uye mabhenji ekushanda.

Titeverei kuti muwane rumwe ruzivo rwenyanzvi, kana kuti taurai nesu kuti mukurukure nezvechirongwa chenyu chinotevera chinoitika kakawanda!