Lethathamo la Lithibelo tsa Moralo oa PCB o Phahameng

Lefatšeng la dijithale la kajeno le potlakileng haholo, diboto tsa potoloho tse hatisitsoeng ka maqhubu a phahameng (di-PCB) ke motheo wa mahlale a tswetseng pele jwalo ka puisano ya 5G, tsamaiso ya sathelaete, ditsamaiso tsa radar, khomphutha e sebetsang hantle, le di-elektroniki tsa bareki tsa boleng bo hodimo. Boleng ba moralo wa PCB o sebetsang ka maqhubu a phahameng bo ama ka ho toba botsitso, bokgoni le botshepehi ba sistimi yohle ya elektroniki.

Bakeng sa baenjiniere ba meralo ea PCB, ho tseba melao-motheo ea moralo oa RF PCB le ho qoba liphoso tse tebileng tsa moralo ho bohlokoa. Sengoloa sena se kenella ka botebo linthong tse tloaelehileng tse thibetsoeng tsa moralo oa PCB tse sebelisoang khafetsa, se hlalosa lisosa le litlamorao tsa tsona, 'me se totobatsa liphapang tse matla tsa ts'ebetso lipakeng tsa meralo ea maemo a holimo le e sebetsang hanyane.

1, Litatofatso tsa Moralo oa Tsela

✕ Ho hlokomoloha ho bapisa ha litšobotsi tsa impedance

Phetiso ea matšoao ho li-PCB tse nang le maqhubu a phahameng e hloka taolo e tiileng ea impedance, hangata e ka har'a ± 5% ea boleng ba sepheo joalo ka 50Ω kapa 75Ω. Ho hloleha ho nahana ka bophara ba motsamao, sebaka, botenya ba dielectric, le thepa Dk ho ka baka ho se tsoele pele ha impedance, e leng se fellang ka:

● Ponahatso ea lets'oao
● Ho sotha sebopeho sa maqhubu
● Sekhahla sa liphoso tsa bit se eketsehile
● Ho fokotseha ha lets'oao haholo
Mohlala, liteisheneng tsa motheo tsa 5G, ho se tshwane ha impedance ho lebisa tahlehelong ya dipakete tsa data, kgokelo e fokolang, le boiphihlelo bo bobe ba mosebedisi. Sebedisa disebediswa tsa ketsiso ya motlakase ho bala impedance ka nepo, mme kamehla nahana ka mamello ya tlhahiso le ho itshetleha ka stackup.

✕ Topology e Fosahetseng ea Litsela

Liqeto tse fosahetseng tsa ho tsamaisa tsela—tse kang mesaletsa e melelele haholo, e mesesaane, kapa e teteaneng—li ka baka:

● Tieho le tahlehelo ea lets'oao ka lebaka la bolelele bo feteletseng
● Ho hanyetsa ho hoholo le mocheso o tsoang mesaletsa e menyenyane
● Tšitiso ea ho bua ka tsela e fapaneng pakeng tsa mela e haufi
Khomarela maemo a moralo a kang:
● E LATELANG ● FEXT Libakeng tse nang le lebelo le phahameng (USB 3.0, HDMI), ho bapisa lipara tse fapaneng tse tiileng (± 5mil) le litsela tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa ho tsamaisa li bohlokoa haholo ho boloka botšepehi ba lets'oao.

2, Litatofatso tsa Moralo oa Sebopeho sa Stackup

✕ Palo ea Mealo e sa Qobelloang le Khetho ea Thepa
Palo ea mekhahlelo e lokela ho bonts'a ho rarahana ha potoloho le litlhoko tsa karohano. Mekhahlelo e feteletseng e eketsa litšenyehelo le ho rarahana ha ts'ebetso; mekhahlelo e fokolang haholo e fokotsa lets'oao le moralo oa matla.

U se ke ua sekisetsa khethong ea thepa: sebelisa thepa e sebelisoang khafetsa joalo ka Rogers RO4350B ka:

● Sesebelisoa se tlase sa dielectric (Dk)
● Ntho e fokolang ea ho qhalana ha lintho (Df)
Ho sebelisa FR4 e tloaelehileng kapa li-substrate tse sa lokelang ho li-PCB tsa mmWave (24–52GHz) ho lebisa ho:

● Tahlehelo e feteletseng ea lets'oao
● Ho se tsitse ha Impedance
● Tshebetso e fokotsehileng ea phetisetso ea data

✕ Ho hlokomoloha Litlhoko tsa Ngoliso le Lamination ea Interlayer

Ho se tsamaisane hantle ha mealo e fapaneng > ± 50μm ho ka baka makgutshwane, dipotoloho tse bulehileng, le ho hloleha ha tshebetso. Ho se tsamaisane hantle ha mealo ho lebisa ho:

● Ho qhaqha
● Ponahatso ea lets'oao
● Ho se tsitse ha mechini
Baqapi ba tlameha ho sebelisana haufi-ufi le bahlahisi, ba totobatsa:
● Mocheso oa ho lamination: 180–220°C
● Khatello: 5–10MPa
● Nako: Metsotso e 30–60
● Tekanyo ea koporo le li-stackup tse lekanang ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo

3, Litatofatso tsa Moralo oa Ka le Pad

✕ E fosahetse ka Mofuta le Boholo bakeng sa Matšoao a Phetoho e Phahameng

Ho kgetha masoba a phunyeletsang ho ena le di-vias tse foufetseng kapa tse patilweng ho eketsa ho kenella/ho kgona ha dikokonyana tse phelang, e leng se bakang:

● Tieho ea lets'oao
● Ho sotha
● Ho bonahatsa ka har'a likanale tse lebelo le phahameng
Hape, qoba ho ba le bophara bo bonyenyane haholo (● Ho se tsamaisane hantle ha drile
● Ho se be le plating e ntle
● Khanyetso e phahameng
Khetho e nepahetseng e ntlafatsa botšepehi ba lets'oao le ho khoneha ho le etsa.

✕ Ho hlokomoloha Moralo oa Pad le ho lumellana ha Soldering

Li-pad li lokela ho etsoa bakeng sa mokhoa o reriloeng oa ho kopanya:
● Ho kopanya hape ho hloka boholo bo nepahetseng ba pedi bakeng sa ho kolobisa
● Ho kopanya maqhubu ho hloka sebaka ho thibela ho kopana
Liqetello tsa bokaholimo tse kang ENIG (Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold) li ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ho solder le ho hanyetsa oxidation. Moralo o mobe oa pad kapa qetello li baka:
● Manonyeletso a batang
● Ho hokahanya ha solder
● Ho ntša oksijene le lipotoloho tse bulehileng

4, Liphoso, Lisosa tsa Motheo, le Likheo tsa Boleng ba Moralo

Matšoao a Tloaelehileng a Sekoli

● Ho fokotsa lets'oao le ho sotha sebopeho sa maqhubu

● Ho buisana ka ho qothisana lehlokoa pakeng tsa mesaletsa

● Ho aroloa ha lera le lipotoloho tse kgutshwane

● Ho robeha ha masalla, ka ho thibana, kapa ho oxidation ha mapheo

Lisosa tsa Motheo

● Ho se tsamaisane ha impedance ho tsoa lipalo tse fokolang tsa ho latela mohlala

● Khetho e sa lekaneng ea thepa bakeng sa maqhubu a RF

● Moralo o mobe oa ho bokellana ha lintho tse ngata ntle le ho hokahanya tšebetso

● Ha e nyenyefatsoe ka lebaka la likokoana-hloko le mamello ea ho cheka

● Litekanyo tsa Pad ha li lumellane le mokhoa oa ho kopanya litšepe

Papiso ea Lekhalo la Moralo

5, Thabo e Felletseng e Ruileng e ka Sebetsana le Mathata 'Ohle

Phoso e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea moralo—ho tloha ho se lumellane ha impedance le ho latellana ha litaba ho ea ho ho hloleha ha stackup le ho se sebetse hantle ka moralo—e ka sitisa ts'ebetso ea RF PCB. Ho Rich Full Joy, baenjiniere ba rona ba RF le litsebi tsa tlhahiso ba sebetsa 'moho ho:

● Netefatsa hore moralo oa tlhahiso o latela melao (DFM)
● Sebelisa lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa ho etsisa EM
● Sebelisa boiphihlelo ba thepa bo sebelisoang khafetsa
● Fana ka meralo e hlahisang chai e ngata, e loketseng tlhahiso
Ebang ke bakeng sa liteishene tsa motheo tsa 5G, litsamaiso tsa radar, kapa puisano ea sathelaete, re netefatsa hore PCB ea hau ea maqhubu a phahameng e sebetsa ka lebelo, botšepehi le ts'epo.

6、Sebetsa le Thabo e Felletseng e Ruileng: Moralo o Bohlale le ho Sebetsa Hantle

Ka boiphihlelo ba mashome a lilemo ba RF PCB, Rich Full Joy e se e tseba saense ea taolo ea matšoao a maqhubu a phahameng. Re kopanya moralo o tsamaisoang ke ketsiso, saense ea thepa, le tlhahiso e tsoetseng pele ho theha li-PCB tse fetang litekanyetso tse thata ka ho fetisisa tsa boleng le ts'ebetso.

Re latele bakeng sa temohisiso e eketsehileng ea litsebi, kapa ikopanye le rona ho buisana ka projeke ea hau e latelang e sebelisoang khafetsa!