Dhizaini Isina Kusimba yeEMC Inogona Kukanganisa Kushanda Kwemagetsi: Ruzivo Rukuru rweMainjiniya eSMT PCB

Kuenderana kweElectromagnetic (EMC) chinhu chakakosha pakugadzira nekubatanidza maPCB, kunyanya muSMT (Surface-Mount Technology) PCB assembly. Sezvo michina ichiva midiki uye ichikurumidza, kuchengetedza mwero wekushanda kwepamusoro uku uchidzivirira electromagnetic interference (EMI) kwakakosha pakushanda kwakavimbika. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora pfungwa huru dzekugadzira EMC muSMT PCB assembly, ichitarisa pane zvakakosha zvinobatsira kuderedza EMI uye kuona kuvimbika kwePCB.

Chii chinonzi Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)?

Kuenderana kweElectromagnetic zvinoreva kugona kwePCB kushanda sezvainotarisirwa pasina kuburitsa kana kuve pangozi yekukanganiswa kweelectromagnetic (EMI) iyo inogona kukanganisa mashandiro ayo kana mashandiro emidziyo iri pedyo. Kuzadzisa kutevedzera EMC kwakakosha, kunyanya mumaindasitiri akadai sekutaurirana, ndege, mota, uye mashandisirwo ekurapa, uko kuvimbika kwemasaini uye kuvimbika kwesystem kuri kukuru.

Pfungwa Dzakakosha dzeEMC Design muSMT PCB Assembly

Kunzwisisa Manyuko eEMI

Danho rekutanga mukugadzira EMC nderokuona manyuko anogona kukonzera EMI. Izvi zvinogona kuva:

• Zvikamu zvekuchinja zvinomhanya zvakanyanya zvakaita sema microcontrollers kana MaFPGA.
• Maseketi emagetsi.
• MaAntena kana zvimwe zvinhu zvekutumira zvisina waya.
• Manzwiro emagetsi akawandisa anoburitsa simba remagetsi.

Kunzwisisa manyuko aya kunobatsira mukugadzira nzira dzekuderedza kana kudzivirira EMI kuti isakanganise PCB kana nharaunda yayo.

Networks dzeKuisa Pasi uye Kugovera Simba

Kuisa pasi kwakakodzera ndeimwe yenzira dzinoshanda zvikuru dzekudzivirira EMI muSMT PCB assembly. Nzvimbo yepasi yakagadzirwa zvakanaka inopa nzira isina simba rekudzivirira kuti masaini adzokere kunzvimbo inobva, zvichidzivirira ruzha kuti rusapararire mumativi ese. Pamusoro pezvo, maPDN akagadzirwa nokungwarira anoderedza ruzha rwemagetsi, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kwesystem.

• Ndege Yepasi Yakasimba: Ndege yepasi inoenderera mberi, isina kukanganiswa inoderedza nzira yekudzoka kwemafungu uye inodzivirira dunhu kubva kuEMI yekunze.
• Kupatsanurwa kweNdege yeMagetsi: Kupatsanura ma "power planes" kunogona kuderedza kubatana pakati pezvikamu zvine ruzha uye zvinonzwa zvePCB.

Matekiniki eKutevedza Nzira uye Kuronga

Kurongeka kwetrace kwakakosha pakuona kuti masaini akavimbika uye kuderedza EMI. Nzira dzinotevera dzekugadzirisa dzinogona kushandiswa kuderedza EMI:

• Nzira pfupi, yakatwasuka yekutevera: Deredza hurefu hwezviratidzo zvinobuda nemwaranzi yepamusoro kuti uderedze mwaranzi uye kutaura-taura.
• Kudzorwa Kwekupokana: Kune masaini ekumhanya kwakanyanya, iva nechokwadi chekuti masaini acho anochengetedza impedance yakaenzana kudzivirira kupenya uye kuderedza EMI.
• Kusiyana kwePairi: Shandisa ma differential pairs ezviratidzo zvinomhanya zvakanyanya kuderedza ruzha uye kuvandudza kusimba kwezviratidzo.

Kushandiswa kweZvidziviriro neMakomba

Kudzivirira ndeimwe yenzira dzinoshanda zvikuru dzekuderedza EMI mumasekete anonzwa. Kudzivirira kunogona kushandiswa padanho rezvikamu kana padanho rePCB. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuisa chinhu chinofambisa mhepo chakakomberedza zvikamu zvinonzwa kana zvikamu zvesekete kuti chivhare kana kunyudza mwaranzi yemagetsi isingadiwe.

• Nhoo dzemhangura: Mhangura kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinofambisa mhepo zvinogona kuiswa zvakatenderedza zvikamu kana PCB yese kuti itore EMI.
• Magasket eEMI: Kuvhara mavharo ane magasket anofambisa mhepo kunodzivirirawo kubuda kweEMI uye kukanganiswa kwekunze.

Kubvisa MaCapacitor

Kubvisa ma capacitor kunoita basa rakakosha mukudzikamisa magetsi uye kuderedza ruzha pama frequency akakwira. Kuisa ma capacitor pedyo nema power pins kunobatsira kusunungura ruzha uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti magetsi anosvika kune zvikamu zvinonzwa.

• Kuiswa kweCapacitor: Isa ma capacitor ekuparadzanisa pedyo nemagetsi nemapini epasi echikamu chimwe nechimwe sezvinobvira kuderedza ruzha rwemafrequency akakwira.

Mafirita eDifferential neCommon-Mode

EMI inogona kupararira kuburikidza nemagetsi uye mitsara yezviratidzo. Kuti udzivise EMI kupinda kana kubuda muPCB, shandisa mafirita e differential uye common-mode. Mafirita aya anovimbisa kuti masaini emagetsi asingadiwe anodziviswa pasina kukanganisa mashandiro ecircuit.

• Kudzipwa Kwemaitiro Akajairika: Izvi zvinoshanda mukubvisa ruzha rwe common-mode uye kudzivirira kubva kuEMI kubva patambo dzemagetsi.
• Ferrite Beads: Mabheya eFerrite anowanzo shandiswa kudzvinyirira ruzha rwepamusoro-soro patambo dzemasaini nemagetsi.

Sarudzo Yezvinhu zvePCBPCB

Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvePCB kunoita basa rakakosha mukushanda kweEMC. Zvinhu zvePCB zvine frequency yakakwira zvine ma "dielectric constants" mashoma uye ma "tangents" asina kurasikirwa zvakanyanya zvinofarirwa kune zvinoshandiswa zvinoda masaini ekumhanya kwakakwirira.

• Zvikamu Zvishoma Zvinorasikirwa: Shandisa zvinhu zvakaita seRogers kana mamwe ma laminates asinganyanyi kurasikirwa kuti ushandise ma frequency akawanda kuderedza kuora kwemasaini uye EMI.

Kuedza uye Kutevedzera Maitiro

Kana PCB yako yagadzirwa, kuyedzwa kwakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inosangana nezvinodiwa zveEMC uye haikanganisi mimwe midziyo. Mitemo yakaita seIEC 61000 series uye mitemo yeFCC Part 15 yemidziyo yemagetsi ndiyo inowanzo shandiswa pakuenzanisa EMC.

• Kuedzwa kweEMC: Ita bvunzo dzezvekuburitsa mweya uye dzekudzivirira hutachiona kuti uone kuti PCB inoshanda mukati memiganhu inobvumirwa.
• Kusimbiswa kuburikidza neSimulation: Shandisa maturusi ekufananidzira kuti uongorore maitiro emagetsi ePCB uye ugadzirise usati waedza physical.

Kugadzira PCB inoenderana neEMC muSMT PCB assembly kwakakosha pakuona kuvimbika uye kushanda kwemidziyo yemagetsi yemazuva ano. Nekunyatsofunga nezvegrounding, kugoverwa kwesimba, trace routing, shielding, uye kusarudzwa kwezvinhu, mainjiniya anogona kuderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yeEMI uye kuvandudza mashandiro ese ezvigadzirwa zvavo. Kunyangwe uri kushanda navo maRF PCB anomhanya kwazvokana magadzirirwo asinganyanyi kufambiswa, kuisa pfungwa idzi dzakakosha mukugadzira kwako kuchaita kuti pave nemasisitimu akasimba uye akavimbika.

Nekutarisa pane aya mazano akakosha ekugadzira magadzirirwo emagetsi, unogona kudzivirira matambudziko ekushanda, kuderedza mari yekugadzira, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti chigadzirwa chako chinotevedzera mitemo inodiwa. Kunyangwe uri kugadzira maPCB ane mafrequency akakwira kana kuti asina mafrequency akaderera, dhizaini yeEMC inofanira kugara iri chinhu chinonyanya kukosheswa kuti ivandudze mashandiro emuchina uye ruzivo rwemushandisi.