Uburyo Antena za Phased Array PCB zongerera imbaraga sisitemu zo kurinda ikirere zo mu gisekuru gikurikira

Mu gihe indege zo mu bwoko bwa gatanu zikoresha ibisasu bya misile zidasanzwe zigaragara nk'ibintu bikomeye, radar zisanzwe zisuzumwa zirwana no kumenyera imiterere y'imirwano y'intambara ihinduka vuba. Radar ifite imiterere y'indege, ifite ubushobozi bwo kuyobora indege idafite imirasire myinshi n'ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana ibintu byinshi, yabaye inkingi y'uburinzi bw'ikirere bw'iki gihe gitaha. Ishingiro ry'iri terambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ririmo antene ya antene ya antene ya antene - intwari itaramenyekana inyuma ya sisitemu za radar zigezweho.

1. Antena ya Phased Array PCB ni iki?

Antene ya phased array PCB ni ikibaho cy’itumanaho gifite frequency yo hejuru cyagenewe kugenzura imikorere y’imirasire muri sisitemu za radar. Bidakenewe ko habaho kuzunguruka kwa mekanike, bituma habaho gushakisha byihuse no gukurikirana icyarimwe intego nyinshi, bigatuma iba ingenzi mu ikoranabuhanga rya radar rigezweho.

2. Ibyiza bitatu by'ingenzi byo gukoresha Antena za Phased Array PCB

Imikorere ya Interineti Ikomeye kandi Ifite Interineti Nshya:

Ni ingenzi cyane mu kurwanya ibishobora kwibasira, izi PCB zikoresha ibikoresho bigezweho nka Rogers cyangwa Taconic high-frequency laminates, zishyigikira imigozi ya Ka/Ku ndetse n'imirongo ya milimetero-wave ishobora kwinjira mu bipfundikizo byibasira.

Ubunyangamugayo bw'ikimenyetso:

Kugenzura neza impedansi no gushushanya umurongo wo kohereza ubutumwa mu buryo bugabanya igihombo bitanga uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ibimenyetso mu buryo buhamye mu buryo buhamye mu buryo buhamye bw’antene.

Interuro y'Ubucucike Bukomeye (HDI):

Gushyiramo ibintu mu buryo buciriritse no kunoza imikorere bigerwaho binyuze muri microvias na stacking technology, bihuza ibihumbi bya modules zo kohereza no kwakira (T / R) mu mwanya muto. Ibi bituma intera y'ibintu bya antene iba ndende nka ≤0.5λ, bikongera cyane uburyo bwo kuyobora imirasire. Ibice byashyizwemo nka capacitors na resistors muri PCB layers bigabanya uburebure bw'inzira y'ibimenyetso, bigabanya gutinda n'urusaku.

Kwizerwa mu bidukikije bikomeye:

Ibisubizo byo gucunga ubushyuhe, harimo substrates z'icyuma (urugero: PCB zishingiye kuri aluminiyumu) ​​n'ibice biyobora ubushyuhe, bitanga imikorere ihamye ya amplifier y'amashanyarazi ya GaN ku bushyuhe bugera kuri 150°C. Kurwanya guhindagurika no kurinda ingese, byemejwe n'amahame ya IPC-6012 Class 3, byemerera gukora mu bihe bikomeye nko mu bushyuhe bukabije, spray y'umunyu, na shock ya mekanike.

3. Uburyo Antena za Phased Array PCB zongerera imbaraga sisitemu zo kurinda ikirere zo mu gisekuru gikurikira

• Gukurikirana byihuse ibintu byinshi: Uburyo bwo kugenzura imirasire y'amashanyarazi butuma radar ikurikirana icyarimwe ibintu byinshi mu masegonda make.
• Gupima Ubushobozi Buhanitse: Ibikoresho bya RF PCB bigezweho bigabanya igihombo cy'amajwi, byongera ubushishozi mu gufotora no gutandukanya intego.
• Imiterere y'Ubwubatsi bw'Amasomo: Buri gice cy’antene kigenzurwa na module za PCB zigenga, zishyigikira ubusembwa bwa sisitemu kandi zigafasha kubungabunga byihuse imbere.
• Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira intambara y'ikoranabuhanga: Gucunga neza inshuro zikoreshwa mu gushakisha no gukurikirana neza inzira zikoreshwa mu gushakisha byongera ubushobozi bwo kurokoka impanuka n'ibitero by'ikoranabuhanga.

4. Ibisabwa mu bya tekiniki kuri PCB za Phased Array

• Ingano y'Inshuro Ikoreshwa: 5 GHz - 40 GHz
• Ibikoresho: Rogers, Taconic, I-Tera, n'izindi laminates zifite frequency yo hejuru
• Kwihanganira inzitizi mu kugenzura: ± 5%
• Umubare w'Ibyiciro: Inkunga ya PCB zifite amashami menshi hamwe n'ibyiciro birenga 20
• Gucunga ubushyuhe: Ibikoresho by'umuringa byashyizwemo, ibyuma bicukurwa inyuma, n'ubundi buryo bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe
• Imisozo yo hejuru: ENIG (Indabyo za Nickel zidafite amashanyarazi), ENEPIG (Indabyo za Nickel zidafite amashanyarazi zidafite Palladium zidafite amashanyarazi), irangi rya zahabu ikomeye

5. Uburyo PCB zikora ku buryo burambuye zihindura imiterere y'ubwirinzi bw'ikirere

• Ivugurura rya US Patriot-3: Gushyiramo mudasobwa zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya multilayer hybrid dielectric PCB byongereye umuvuduko wo gukurikirana intego ku kigero cya 40% mu gihe bigabanya 30% by'amakuru atari yo.
• Sisitemu yo Kwirinda Ikiremba y'Uburusiya ya S-500: Ikoresha module za GaN T/R zifite PCB zigezweho zo gupima ubushyuhe kugira ngo ishobore kumenya ahantu harehare cyane kugeza kuri kilometero 600, ishobora gufata intego za Mach 20.

6. Ibipimo bine by'ingenzi byo guhitamo umufatanyabikorwa mu gukora PCB

• Impamyabushobozi za gisirikare n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko: MIL-PRF-31032, ITAR (Amerika), GOST-R (Uburusiya), n'izindi mpamyabushobozi zemeza ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa ku isi yose.
• Serivisi zo kurangiza: Kuva kuri simulation ya electromagnetic (urugero, HFSS) kugeza kuri prototyping yihuse (guhindukira amasaha 48) no kugenzura imiterere y’itsinda mu buryo bukomeye.
• Ibikoresho byinshi: Bitwikiriye PTFE, laminates zuzuye ceramic, imvange yoroshye kandi ikomeye kugira ngo ihuze n'ibikenewe bitandukanye mu gushushanya.
• Ibanga n'umutekano w'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa: Kubahiriza NIST 800-171, gushyigikira umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa mu gace runaka no gukomeza gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa mu buryo burambye mu gihe habayeho ibihano bya politiki.

7. Ingendo z'ejo hazaza: Uruhu rwiza n'imikorere myinshi

PCB zifite intera zitandukanye zirimo guhinduka kuva kuri module zigenga zikagera kuri "smart skins" - antene arrays zishyirwa ku ndege cyangwa ku buso bw'ubwato. Hamwe na algorithms zikoresha imirasire ya AI, izi sisitemu zitanga ubwikorezi buhamye bwo kugenzura ku bushyuhe bwa 360°. Iri hinduka risaba imiterere ya PCB yoroshye cyane no kunoza fiziki nyinshi, bigashyiraho urufatiro rw'itumanaho rya 6G n'intwaro zikoresha ingufu ziyobowe.

8. Kugera ku ntego z'ikoranabuhanga bitangirira ku kuba indashyikirwa mu ikoranabuhanga rya PCB

Mu kurinda indege, itandukaniro ryo gutinda rya nanosegonda imwe rishobora kugaragaza intsinzi cyangwa gutsindwa kwa interception. Nk'umutangabuhamya w'inararibonye wa PCB zo mu rwego rwa gisirikare ufite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga 20, dutanga:

• Isuzuma ry'ibishushanyo mbonera ku buntu kugira ngo habeho kunoza imiterere y'imiterere y'urutonde rw'ibyiciro n'ubushobozi bwo gukora
• Ibisubizo bya PCB byakonjeshejwe n'imirasire ku bidukikije by'imirwano bifite ingufu nyinshi za elegitoroniki
• Ubutabazi bwihutirwa bw'amasaha 72 kugira ngo hatazagira usubikwa burundu mu mishinga y'ingenzi