Irangizwa rya PCB
| Kurangiza ubuso | Agaciro Gasanzwe | Umutanga |
| Ishami ry'Abakorerabushake ryo kuzimya umuriro | 0.3~0.55µm, 0.25~0.35µm | Enthone |
| Shikoku Chemical | ||
| NDEMERA | Cyangwa: 0.03~0.12um, Ni: 2.5~5um | ATO tekinoroji / Chuang Zhi |
| ENIG itoranijwe | Cyangwa: 0.03~0.12um, Ni: 2.5~5um | ATO tekinoroji / Chuang Zhi |
| ENEKI | Au: 0.05~0.125µm, Pd: 0.05~0.3µm | Chuang Zhi |
| Muri: 3 ~ 10um | ||
| Zahabu ikomeye | Au: 0.127 ~ 1.5um, Ni: min 2.5um | Uwishyura/EEJA |
| Zahabu yoroshye | Au: 0.127 ~ 0.5um, Ni: min 2.5um | AMAFI |
| Ibati ryo kwibiramo | Iminota: 1am | Enthone / ATO tech |
| Imari yo kwibiza | 0.127~0.45um | Macdermid |
| HASL idafite lead | 1 ~ 25um | Nihon Superior |
Bitewe nuko umuringa uba mu buryo bwa okiside mu kirere, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo PCB zisohorwa n'imikorere y'amashanyarazi. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gukora irangi ry'ubuso bwa PCB. Iyo ubuso bwa PCB butararangira, biroroshye guteza ibibazo byo gusohorwa, kandi mu bihe bikomeye, uduce two gusohorwa n'ibice byabwo ntibishobora gusohorwa. Irangi ry'ubuso bwa PCB risobanura inzira yo gukora urwego rw'ubuso kuri PCB mu buryo bw'ubukorano. Intego yo kurangiza PCB ni ukureba ko PCB ifite ubushobozi bwo gusohorwa cyangwa imikorere myiza y'amashanyarazi. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'irangi ry'ubuso bwa PCB.
Gupima Umwotsi Ushyushye (HASL)
Ni igikorwa cyo gushyiramo icupa ry’icyuma gishongeshejwe ku buso bwa PCB, ukagihuha ukoresheje umwuka ushyushye kandi ugashyiraho urwego rw’igitambaro rudapfa kwangirika mu muringa kandi rutanga ubushobozi bwo gupfunyika neza. Muri iki gikorwa, ni ngombwa kumenya neza ibipimo by'ingenzi bikurikira: ubushyuhe bwo gupfunyika, ubushyuhe bw’icyuma gishyushye, umuvuduko w’icyuma gishyushye, igihe cyo kwinjizwa mu mazi, umuvuduko wo guterura, nibindi.
Akamaro ka HASL
1. Igihe kirekire cyo kubika.
2. Gutose neza ku gipfundikizo no gupfuka umuringa.
3. Ubwoko bukoreshwa cyane budafite icyuma gifunga (bukurikiza RoHS).
4. Ikoranabuhanga rikuze, igiciro gito.
5. Birakwiriye cyane mu gusuzuma no gupima hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi.
Intege nke za HASL
1. Ntibikwiriye gukoreshwa mu guhuza insinga.
2. Bitewe n'imiterere karemano y'icyuma gishongeshejwe, ubugari bwacyo buragabanuka cyane.
3. Ntibikoreshwa ku byuma bikoresha ubushobozi bwo gukoraho.
4. Ku bice byoroheje cyane, HASL ishobora kuba idakwiye. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'ubwogero bushobora gutuma ikibaho cy'uruziga gihindagurika.
2. Ishami ry'Abakorerabushake ryo kuzimya umuriro
OSP ni incamake ya Organic Solderability Preservative, izwi kandi nka per solder. Muri make, OSP ni iyo gusukwa ku buso bwa copper solder pads kugira ngo habeho firime irinda ikozwe mu binyabutabire bya organic. Iyi firime igomba kugira imiterere nko kurwanya oxidation, kurwanya ubushyuhe no kurwanya ubushuhe kugira ngo irinde ubuso bw'umuringa kwangirika (oxidation cyangwa vulcanization, nibindi) mu bidukikije bisanzwe. Ariko, mu gusoda ubushyuhe bwinshi bukurikiraho, iyi firime irinda igomba gukurwaho byoroshye n'amazi vuba, kugira ngo ubuso bw'umuringa busukuye bushobore guhita buhuzwa na solder yashongeshejwe kugira ngo habeho solder ikomeye mu gihe gito cyane. Mu yandi magambo, inshingano za OSP ni ugukora nk'uruzitiro hagati y'umuringa n'umwuka.
Akamaro ka OSP
1. Byoroshye kandi bihendutse; Irangi ryo hejuru ni irangi ripfundikiye gusa.
2. Ubuso bw'agapira ko gusoda buraryoshye cyane, bufite ubugari bungana na ENIG.
3. Nta diyabeti (yubahiriza amahame ya RoHS) kandi ntingiza ibidukikije.
4. Ishobora kongera gukoreshwa.
Intege nke za OSP
1. Kutoha nabi.
2. Imiterere isobanutse kandi yoroheje ya filime bivuze ko bigoye gupima ubuziranenge binyuze mu kugenzura no gukoresha amashusho no gupima kuri interineti.
3. Igihe gito cyo gukora, ibisabwa cyane mu kubika no gucunga.
4. Uburinzi buke ku myobo ipfundikiye.
Imari yo kwibiza
Ifuru ifite ubushobozi buhamye bwo gukoresha imiti. PCB itunganywa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ryo kuvoma mu ifeza ishobora gutanga amashanyarazi meza nubwo yahura n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushuhe n'ibidukikije byanduye, ndetse ikanakomeza gushongeshwa neza nubwo ishobora gutakaza ubwiza bwayo. Ifuru yo kuvoma mu ifeza ni uburyo bwo kwimuka aho urwego rw'ifeza nziza rushyirwa ku muringa. Hari igihe, ifuru yo kuvoma mu ifeza ihuzwa n'imyambaro ya OSP kugira ngo wirinde ko feza igira sulfide mu bidukikije.
Akamaro k'ifeza yo kwibira mu mazi
1. Ububasha bwo gusora bwinshi.
2. Ubuso bwiza bworoshye.
3. Igiciro gito kandi nta mashini ikoreshwa mu gutwika (byujuje ibisabwa na RoHS).
4. Bikoreshwa mu guhuza insinga za Al.
Intege nke za ifeza yo kwibira mu mazi
1. Ibikenewe cyane mu kubika ibintu kandi byoroshye kubihumanya.
2. Igihe gito cyo guteranya nyuma yo gukura mu ipaki.
3. Kugorwa no gukora isuzuma ry'amashanyarazi.
Ibati ryo kwibiramo
Kubera ko ikintu cyose gishongeshwa gishingiye ku ibati, urwego rw'ibati rushobora guhuza ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwa solder. Nyuma yo kongeramo inyongeramusaruro z'umwimerere mu gikoresho cyo kwinjizamo ibati, imiterere y'urwego rw'ibati igaragaza imiterere y'ibice, ikemura ibibazo biterwa n'udupira tw'ibati no kwimuka kw'ibati, ndetse ikagira ubushyuhe bwiza kandi ikanashobora gushongeshwa.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha icyuma gishyushya amazi bushobora gukora icyuma gishyushya amazi gifite umuringa ugororotse kugira ngo icyuma gishyushya amazi kigire ubushobozi bwo gusonerwa neza nta kibazo cyo gufunga cyangwa gukwirakwiza icyuma gishyushya amazi.
Akamaro k'icyuma gitwikiriye
1. Bikoreshwa ku mirongo ikora ibintu itambitse.
2. Ikoreshwa mu gutunganya insinga nto no gusora nta lisansi, cyane cyane mu gutunganya ibyuma.
3. Ubugari ni bwiza cyane, bukoreshwa kuri SMT.
Intege nke z'icyuma gishongesha amazi
1. Gukenera kubika ibintu byinshi, bishobora gutuma ibikumwe bihindura ibara.
2. Utwana tw'ibati dushobora guteza ibibazo byo gufunga no gusoda ingingo, bityo bigatuma igihe cyo kuzigama kigabanuka.
3. Kugorwa no gukora isuzuma ry'amashanyarazi.
4. Iyi gahunda ikubiyemo icyorezo cya kanseri.
NDEMERA
ENIG (Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold) ni igitambaro gikoreshwa cyane mu gusiga ku buso kigizwe n'ibice bibiri by'icyuma, aho nikeli ishyirwa ku muringa hanyuma atome za zahabu zigashyirwa ku muringa binyuze mu mihindagurikire. Ubunini bw'urwego rw'imbere rwa nikeli muri rusange ni 3-6um, naho ubunini bw'urwego rw'inyuma rwa zahabu muri rusange ni 0.05-0.1um. Nikeli ikora urwego rw'inzitizi hagati ya solder na umuringa. Akamaro ka zahabu ni ukurinda ogisijeni ya nikeli mu gihe cyo kubika, bityo bikongera igihe cyo kuyibika, ariko inzira yo kuyishyiramo zahabu ishobora no gutuma ubuso burushaho kuba bwiza.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya ENIG ni: gusukura-->gukata-->gusiga nikeli mu binyabutabire-->gushyira zahabu-->gusukura ibisigazwa
Ibyiza bya ENIG
1. Bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu gusoda nta lisansi (bikurikije RoHS).
2. Ubuso bugenda neza cyane.
3. Imara igihe kirekire kandi iramba.
4. Bikwiriye guhuza insinga za Al.
Intege nke za ENIG
1. Birahenze kubera gukoresha zahabu.
2. Inzira igoye, igoye kugenzura.
3. Byoroshye gukora ikintu cy'umukara.
Nickel/Zahabu ikoresha Electrolytic (izahabu ikomeye/izahabu yoroshye)
Izahabu ya nikeli ikoreshwa mu buryo bwa electrolytic igabanyijemo "izahabu ikomeye" na "izahabu yoroshye". Izahabu ikomeye ifite ubuziranenge buke kandi ikunze gukoreshwa mu ntoki za zahabu (PCB edge connectors), PCB contacts cyangwa ahandi hantu hadashaje. Ubunini bwa zahabu bushobora gutandukana bitewe n'ibisabwa. Izahabu yoroshye ifite ubuziranenge bwinshi kandi ikunze gukoreshwa mu guhuza insinga.
Akamaro ka Electrolytic Nickel/Gold
1. Igihe kirekire cyo kubika.
2. Bikwiriye gukurura icyuma gihuza ibyuma n'insinga.
3. Indabyo ikomeye ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu gupima amashanyarazi.
4. Nta diyabete (yubahiriza RoHS)
Intege nke za Electrolytic Nickel/Zahabu
1. Irangi rihenze cyane.
2. Iminwe ya zahabu yo gutekesha amashanyarazi ikenera insinga z'inyongera ziyobora amashanyarazi.
3. Ifite zahabu ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kuyisogota. Bitewe n'ubugari bwa zahabu, imiterere yayo irushaho kuba minini.
ENEKI
Indabyo za Nickel zidafite amashanyarazi zikoresha amashanyarazi zidafite Palladium cyangwa ENEPIG zirimo gukoreshwa cyane mu kurangiza ubuso bwa PCB. Ugereranyije na ENIG, ENEPIG yongeraho urwego rw'inyongera rwa palladium hagati ya nikeli na zahabu kugira ngo ikomeze kurinda urwego rwa nikeli kwangirika no gukumira gukora udupira tw'umukara dukorwa byoroshye mu kurangiza ubuso bwa ENIG. Ubunini bwa nikeli bungana na 3-6um, ubunini bwa palladium bungana na 0.1-0.5um naho ubunini bwa zahabu bungana na 0.02-0.1um. Nubwo ubunini bwa zahabu ari buto ugereranyije na ENIG, ENEPIG irahenze cyane. Ariko, igabanuka riherutse ry'ibiciro bya palladium ryatumye igiciro cya ENEPIG kirushaho kugabanuka.
Akamaro ka ENEPIG
1. Ifite ibyiza byose bya ENIG, nta kintu na kimwe cya black pad.
2. Bikwiriye cyane guhuza insinga kurusha ENIG.
3. Nta ngaruka zo kwangirika.
4. Igihe kirekire cyo kubika, nta mashini ikoresha icyuma (byemewe na RoHS)
Intege nke za ENEPIG
1. Inzira igoye, igoye kugenzura.
2. Igiciro kiri hejuru.
3. Ni uburyo bushya kandi butarakura.