Inganda za PCB z'ubuvuzi
Kuva ku gishushanyo mbonera kugeza ku guteranya
PCB yo kwa muganga ni ubwoko bwihariye bwa PCB ikoreshwa mu nganda z'ubuvuzi. Uko inganda z'ubuvuzi zo mu Bushinwa zigenda zihinduka ziva mu buvuzi gakondo bw'Abashinwa zijya mu buvuzi bw'Iburengerazuba, icyifuzo cy'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byo kwa muganga cyariyongereye cyane. Ibi byatumye habaho iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora no guteranya PCB yo kwa muganga mu Bushinwa, bituma RICH PCBA iba uruganda rwizewe rwa PCBA rw'ibikoresho byo kwa muganga. Urubuga rw'ubuvuzi rukorwa na RICH PCBA rukoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bitandukanye byo kwa muganga, harimo imashini zikoresha ultrasound, ibikoresho byo gukurikirana abarwayi, sisitemu zo gufata amashusho y'ubuvuzi, n'ibindi bikoresho bisaba kugenzura neza kandi byizewe by'ikoranabuhanga. Izi PCBA zigira uruhare runini mu kugenzura no kugenzura imikorere y'ibikoresho byo kwa muganga.
Shaka igiciro cy'inkunga ya PCB yo mu buvuzi ivuye kuri RICH PCBA
Niba ushaka uruganda rwo mu rwego rwo hejuru rwa PCB/PCBA y’ubuvuzi, nturenze RICH PCBA. Kubera ko ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byo mu buvuzi bifitanye isano n’ubuzima bw’abantu, bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa mu mutekano no mu buryo bwizewe. Byongeye kandi, bimwe mu bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byo mu buvuzi bishobora gushyirwamo bisaba ubuhanga n’ubudahangarwa, bityo bigomba kuba byarakozwe kugira ngo bishobore kwihanganira ibidukikije bikomeye by’ubuvuzi, ibizamini byinshi bikenerwa mu gukora, kandi gusodesha ibice bigomba kwemezwa mu gihe cyo guteranya n’ibindi.
● Guhindura ibintu vuba
● PCBA yo guhindukira
● Igice cyo kuzenguruka
● Inteko ya BGA
● Gukora ibishushanyo
● Gukora Itsinda ry'Abakozi
● Ihendutse
● Ubushinwa
Ni iyihe PCB y'ikoranabuhanga yakozwe mu buvuzi?
Kuva icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyatangira, isi yose ikeneye ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga mu buvuzi byakomeje kuba hejuru. Muri iki gihe, RICH PCBA yakiriye ibibazo byinshi bivuye mu nganda z'ubuvuzi. Muri iki gihe, PCBA nyinshi dukora mu buvuzi ni izikoresha thermometers zo mu gahanga. Ariko, tunakora PCBA ku bindi bikoresho by'ubuvuzi nka CT scanners, amatara yo kubaga, n'ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye. Ingero zikurikira ni zimwe muri PCBA ku bikoresho by'ubuvuzi dushobora guha abakiriya bacu:
● Amamashini afasha mu gupanisha umutima
● Utwuma dutuma umuntu atagira impumuro nziza (defibrillators)
● Udukoresho two guhumeka
● Umugenzuzi w'Abaforomo
● Intebe y'abamugaye ikoresha amashanyarazi
● Pompe z'imirire zikoresha ikoranabuhanga
● Ibikoresho bya MRI
● Aho umurwayi aherereye
● Implants za Cochlear
● Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gushakisha
● Sisitemu zo kugenzura
● Pompe za insuline
Inganda za PCB z'ubuvuzi
Intambwe ya 1: Gushushanya Igishushanyo
Kuri iyi ntambwe, uruganda rukora PCB z’ubuvuzi rugira uruhare muri iki gikorwa kandi rukoresha imashini itunganya amashusho kugira ngo ihindure dosiye z’igishushanyo mbonera cy’amabara y’uruziga mo filime, zikora nk’amafoto mabi y’igishushanyo mbonera.
Iyo PCB icapishijwe, ibice by'imbere bigaragaza amabara abiri ya wino:
● Wino y'umukara ihagarariye uduce tw'umuringa n'imirongo iri kuri PCB.
● Wino isobanutse, kimwe n'ishingiro rya fiberglass, ihagarariye ibice bya PCB bidatwara amashanyarazi.
Igice cyo hanze gifite:
● Inzira z'umuringa zigaragazwa n'iwino isobanutse neza.
● Agace umuringa uzakurwamo kagaragazwa n'irangi ry'umukara.
Intambwe ya 2: Umuringa w'imbere wacapwe
Iyi ntambwe ikubiyemo gukora imiyoboro y’imbere y’ibikoresho bya PCB by’ubuvuzi kugira ngo hashyirweho inzira zo kuyobora ku byiciro bitandukanye. Niba umushinga wawe ukeneye PCB y’ubuvuzi y’urwego runini, iyi ntambwe igomba gusubirwamo kugeza igihe imiyoboro yose y’imbere y’ibikoresho icapwe kandi igasimburwa. Amaherezo, irahuzwa kandi igashyirwamo laminate kugira ngo ikore urwego rwuzuye rw’imbere. Ibikorwa byihariye ni ibi bikurikira:
1. Siga ibice by'umuringa kuri buri ruhande rw'icyuma cya fiberglass.
2. Shyira agace gato k'umuringa ku duce duto hanyuma ushyire hejuru.
3. Koresha urumuri rwa ultraviolet (UV) kugira ngo ukize kandi urinde umuringa uri munsi yawo.
4. Koresha umuti w'imiti kugira ngo ukore urubuga rw'amashanyarazi, ukureho wino ibonerana itarakira, usige uduce tw'umuringa n'utundi duce.
5. Shyiraho irangi ry'umuringa urenze urugero, ushyireho wino y'umukara kuri iyo firime kugira ngo umuringa gusa ucibwe ahantu hatakenewe.
Intambwe ya 3: Guhuza ibice bitandukanye
Iyo ibice byose by’imbere bikenewe bimaze gucibwa, gucapwa no gusigwa, kugira ngo habeho isuku, hagomba guhuzwa ibice bitandukanye kugira ngo habeho ikibaho cyuzuye cyacapwe. Ibi bikubiyemo inzira yo gucukura kugira ngo ihuzwe n’ibice by’imbere. Inganda nyinshi zikoresha uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gucukura bwa CNC, bushobora kuba budahagije kuri PCB y’ubuvuzi ifite ibisabwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
Urugero, fata PCB y’ubuvuzi ikora pacemaker, aho n’ibikoresho bisanzwe bishobora kuba bifite imyobo irenga ijana yo gucukura, tutibagiwe n’ibikoresho bigezweho. Igihe gisabwa mu gukora ni kimwe mu bintu bitoroshye; icy’ingenzi kurushaho ni uko kunyuranya guto bishobora gutuma guteranya ibintu binanirana.
Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, RICH PCBA ikoresha imashini zicukura hakoreshejwe optique na laser processes kugira ngo igere ku gucukura neza. Ibi bikubiyemo imashini inyuzamo imigozi mu myobo ihuza imiterere kugira ngo ihuze imiterere y'imbere n'iy'inyuma, ikemeza ko PTH ikora neza mu gihe cyo guteranya PCB mu mwobo unyuramo.
Intambwe ya 4: Gushushanya urwego rwo hanze
Gushushanya urwego rwo hanze ni intambwe y'ingenzi mu gikorwa cyo gukora PCB. Indi fotoresiste ishyirwa ku gice cy'ubuvuzi cya PCB, ikubiyemo kwimura ishusho y'igishushanyo cya PCB ku mpande z'umuringa ziri ku buso bw'inyuma bw'ikibaho. Ariko, ku ifoto, fotoresiste ishyirwa ku rundi ruhande rwo hanze gusa. Igikorwa kibera ahantu hasukuye kandi hatekanye.
Uburyo bwo gufata amashusho butangirana no gusukura ubuso bw'umuringa kugira ngo hatagira umwanda cyangwa imyanda igaragara ishobora kubangamira uburyo amashusho yoherezwa. Udupira dukoreshwa mu gufata impapuro zigaragaza wino y'umukara mu mwanya wazo no kuzirinda kuva mu murongo. Nyuma yo gusigwa na fotoresisti, agace k'ubuvuzi ka PCB kinjira mu cyumba cy'umuhondo. Itara rya UV rituma fotoresisti ikomera, maze fotoresisti itarakomera itwikiriwe na wino y'umukara ikavanwaho.
Intambwe ya 5: Gushushanya urwego rwo hanze
Muri iki gikorwa, umuringa uwo ari wo wose utari uw'urwego rwo hanze urakurwaho, hanyuma hongerwaho urwego rw'umuringa hakoreshejwe electroplating. Ibati rikozwe mu amashanyarazi rikoreshwa mu kurinda ahantu hakomeye h'umuringa nyuma yo koga umuringa bwa mbere. Iyo icupa ry'urwego rwo hanze rirangiye, agace gashobora gusuzumwa na AOI kugira ngo harebwe ko n'imbaho za PCB zifite imiterere y'ubuvuzi zifite uruziga rugoye zujuje ibisabwa.
Intambwe ya 6: Gupfuka udupfukamunwa two gusoda n'agapira k'ubudodo
Nyuma yo gukora circuitry, hashyirwa agapfukamunwa gapfukamunwa kugira ngo karinde urwego rw'inyuma rw'urubaho rwa circuit rwacapwe n'ubuvuzi no gushyiraho ibisobanuro bya ecran ya silk nka sosiyete iranga, ibirango by'uruganda, ibimenyetso, ibiranga ibice, aho pin iboneka, n'ibindi bimenyetso cyangwa imiterere bigaragara. Iyi gahunda ikubiyemo:
1.Gusukura agakoresho ka PCB k'ubuvuzi kugira ngo ukureho imyanda iyo ari yo yose.
2. Gushyira wino ya epoxy resin na filime ya solder mask ku buso bw'ikibaho cy'uruziga.
3. Gushyira urumuri rwa UV mu kirere kugira ngo bikize ahantu hatakenewe gusora mu gice cyo gupfukamo udupfukamunwa.
4. Gukuraho ahantu hatagomba gupfukwa no gushyira ikibaho mu itanura kugira ngo gikomereshe urwego rw'ikibabi cya solder.
5. Gukoresha imashini ikoresha inkjet mu gucapa amakuru ku kibaho.
Intambwe ya 7: Gusoza ubuso
Bitewe n'ibyo umukiriya akeneye, bishobora kuba ngombwa gushyira irangi ku gice cyo hejuru cy'icyuma gipima ubushyuhe cyarangije gukoreshwa, ibyo bikaba bisaba gushyiramo irangi ry'ibikoresho biyobora ubushyuhe ku buso bw'ikibaho.
Inteko y'abaganga ya PCB
Intambwe ya 1: Gukoresha stencil ya solder paste
Uburyo bwo gusimbuza irangi rya solder ni cyo cyiciro cya mbere cy’uburyo bwo guteranya PCB. Muri iyi ntambwe, stencil ya PCB ikoreshwa mu gupfuka ikibaho cy’uruziga kugira ngo igice cy’ikibaho kizashyirwamo igice runaka kigaragare. Ibi bituma byoroha gushyira irangi rya solder gusa mu duce tw’ikibaho aho ibice bizashyirwa.
Igikoresho cya mekanike gikoreshwa mu gufata ikibaho n'icyuma gishongesha kugira ngo ibi bigerweho. Nyuma y'ibyo, hakoreshwa icyuma gishongesha kugira ngo gishyiremo icyuma gishongesha ahantu hagenwe. Igishongesha gishyirwa ahantu hose hagaragara. Iyo iki cyiciro kirangiye, icyuma gikurwaho, hanyuma icyuma gishongesha gisigara ahantu hakwiye.
Intambwe ya 2: Umukino wo "Guhitamo no Gushyira Ahantu"
Ibikoresho byinshi by’ikoranabuhanga byo kwa muganga biba byashyizwe mu mubiri w’umuntu cyangwa byambarwa ku ngingo zishobora kwangirika. Iyo ibi bikoresho bikora nabi, nko gufunga umurongo cyangwa gutwika, bishobora guteza ingaruka mbi ku murwayi. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gushyira neza ibice mu myanya yabigenewe hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byihariye.
Ibyuma by'ikoranabuhanga byo kwa muganga bishobora guterwa, nk'ibyuma byo mu bwoko bwa cochlear n'amaso y'ubukorano, ubusanzwe bigira ibice byinshi by'ikoranabuhanga mu miterere yabyo y'imbere. Ariko, ibikoresho bito bitera imbogamizi mu gutoranya no gushyiramo, bigatuma bigorana kubungabunga imiterere. Kugira ngo PCB igere ku buhanga buhagije bwo guteranya ibyuma byo mu bwoko bwa cochlear, RICH PCBA ikoresha ibikoresho bya roboti. Roboti zishinzwe gutoranya no gushyira ibice byo mu bwoko bwa cochlear ku mbaho z'amashanyarazi, zigenzura ko ibice bishyirwa neza ku gikoresho cyo gusoda hamwe n'uburyo bwo gushyiraho.
Intambwe ya 3: Gusubiramo Gushyiramo Ingufu mu Muyoboro
Uburyo bwo gusora hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kongera gusohora amazi bugamije gukomeza isano iri hagati y’urubaho rw’amashanyarazi n’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi. Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, umukandara ukoreshwa mu kwimura urubaho rw’amashanyarazi unyuze mu itanura rinini rishongeshwa. Ifu y’amashanyarazi ishongeshwa no gushyushya urubaho rwa PCBA kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 2500 mu gihe cy’igikorwa. Nyuma yo gushyushya mu itanura, PCBA y’ubuvuzi inyura mu bikoresho bikonjesha, bifasha urubaho rw’amashanyarazi gukonja no gukomera, bigatuma habaho isano ikomeye hagati y’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi n’urubaho.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kuri PCB y’ubuvuzi ifite ibice bibiri, inzira zo gusinya no kongera gukoresha stencil zikorwa mu buryo bwihariye. Uruhande rw’ikibaho rufite ibice bike by’amashanyarazi bigenzurwa ni rwo rubanza kurangizwa.
Intambwe ya 4: Ikizamini cyo guteranya PCB mu buvuzi
Turashimangira ubwiza, ubwizerwe, n'imiterere y'ingenzi y'ama-circuit boards y'ubuvuzi. Kubwibyo, gushaka abakora ibikoresho byizewe n'ibikoresho byiza bya PCBA no kwemeza ko bafite icyemezo cya ISO 13485 ni ingenzi cyane. Nubwo bujuje ibi bisabwa, ni ngombwa kugenzura serivisi zabo zo gupima PCB.
Uretse igenzura rikorwa n'intoki rikorwa mu gihe cyose cyo gukora, harimo na SPI na AOI, ibizamini by'imikorere bikorwa ku ntambwe ya nyuma yo guteranya PCB y'ubuvuzi. Ibi byemeza ko igikoresho nyamukuru gikora nk'uko byitezwe kandi cyujuje ibisabwa n'inganda z'ubuvuzi.
Nyuma yo kugeragezwa, hakorwa isuku yimbitse ku rubuga rwa interineti kugira ngo hakureho ibisigazwa byose bishobora kuba nk'amavuta, flux y'umushongi, cyangwa ibindi bihumanya. Byongeye kandi, bitewe n'ibisabwa byihariye by'umusaruro, abakiriya bashobora kandi gukenera inzira zihariye zo gukora PCBA zo kwa muganga, nko gukoresha imiti idahumanya, hashingiwe ku bwoko bwihariye bw'umusaruro.
PCB yo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu buvuzi
Guhuza Ibikoresho Bifite Ubucucike Bunini
Interconnecti y’ubucucike bwinshi ni imwe mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ingenzi mu kubaka ibikoresho bigezweho bya PCB, bigamije kugera ku bice byinshi by’ikoranabuhanga n’imiyoboro ya PCB mu mwanya muto wa PCB. Ikibaho cy’uruziga cyubatswe hakoreshejwe ubu buryo kizwi nka HDI PCB. Bitewe n’imikorere igoye ikoreshwa, nk’udupira duto, utudomo duto, n’utudomo dupfundikiye, HDI PCB ishobora kuba ihenze, ariko irakwiye gushorwamo.
Mu buvuzi bwa kure, nta kwihanganira gutinda cyangwa guhagarika ibimenyetso. Ndetse no kugabanya gato amasegonda 0.1 bishobora gushyira ubuzima bw'abarwayi mu kaga. HDI PCB yo mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi igenzura umuvuduko wo kohereza ibimenyetso kandi ikagabanya ibibazo bitandukanye byo gusubiza. Byongeye kandi, binyuze mu gushyira mu bikorwa imiterere n'ivugurura ry'imiterere, izi boards zo mu bwoko bwa "high density circuit" zishobora guhabwa ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingaruka za electromagnetic n'urusaku. Ibi bishobora kugerwaho binyuze mu ngamba nko gutegura indege yo ku butaka, gukingira hagati y'ibice, no kuyungurura EMI.
Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho byinshi byo gupima CT mu buvuzi hamwe n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura imikorere y'umubiri (multimodal physiological and electrocardiogram) (ECG) bigira uruhare mu gukoresha uburyo nyabwo bwo gupima imiterere y'umubiri bukoreshwa na HDI PCB.
Yoroshye
Inganda z’ubuvuzi zikeneye cyane PCB zoroshye bitewe n’inyungu zazo nko gukora ntoya, ubwisanzure mu gushushanya, no koroshya imikorere. Izi miterere zujuje ibisabwa n’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi kugira ngo bibone ibisubizo byoroheje, bito kandi byizewe.
Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byo kwa muganga bigomba kwihanganira imimerere mibi mu mubiri w'umuntu mu gihe bitanga ubwizerwe n'imikorere y'amashanyarazi, bigatuma imiyoboro yoroshye iba amahitamo meza kuri iyo mirimo. Ubusanzwe bikorwa mu bikoresho bito kandi byoroshye nka polyimide cyangwa polyester, bigatuma binangira, bipfunyika, cyangwa bizunguruka kugira ngo bihuze n'ahantu hato cyangwa imiterere igoye. Byongeye kandi, imiterere ya PCB yoroshye ishobora kwakira ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe, igatanga amazi atagira umuze, igatuma idapfa, kandi igatuma habaho kongera guteranya ibintu byinshi.
Ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kwa muganga bishingira ku miyoboro yoroshye nk'ibice by'ingenzi byabyo, birimo pacemakers, defibrillators, neurostimulators, ultrasound machines, endoscopes, n'ibindi.
Imiterere y'ibice byinshi
Mu buryo bunyuranye, PCB ikomeye ishobora gutanga imiterere y’imbere yizewe ugereranyije na PCB yoroshye, kuko abakora bashobora gushyira ibice ku rubuga ruhamye. Ariko, bitewe nuko badashobora gupfunyika, bashobora kutagira akarusho ko gukora miniaturization, bityo, bakishingikiriza ku byiza by’imiterere y’ibice byinshi kugira ngo bashyiremo ibice byinshi.
Mu bikoresho byinshi by’ubuvuzi bigezweho, PCB ikomeye ikunze kuboneka. Ibi birimo robots zo kubaga, imashini za X-ray, ibikoresho bya MRI, electrocardiographs, na chemotherapy pumps. Inganda nyinshi zikora ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi zihitamo PCB ifite ibyiciro byinshi kuri bene ibyo. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa muri PCB birimo resin epoxy y’ikirahure, aluminiyumu, ceramics, n'ibindi.
Gupima PCB mu buryo buhamye mu buvuzi
Iterambere ry’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi rikubiyemo ibintu by’inyongera n’ibisabwa birenze ibyo muri rusange bisabwa mu gukora PCB itari ingenzi. Isuzuma ryinshi rikorerwa ku bikoresho by’ubuvuzi, ibi bikaba birenze ibyo twavuga ku bundi bwoko bwa PCB. Ibi biterwa ahanini n’ibisabwa bikomeye mu gupima bishyirwaho n’inzego zishinzwe kugenzura; icyakora, gupima imikorere no gupima umusaruro akenshi nabyo ni ngombwa. Isuzuma ry’amategeko rikenewe ku bikoresho by’ubuvuzi rikunze kugabanywa mu byiciro bibiri binini:
● Ibikoresho byo kwa muganga byohereza ingufu ku murwayi cyangwa bivuye ku murwayi cyangwa bikareba ingufu zoherezwa ku murwayi cyangwa ziva ku murwayi ni byo byibandwaho mu IEC Standard 60601-1.
● Ibikoresho byo kwa muganga bidahujwe n'umurwayi, nk'ibikoreshwa muri laboratwari, biri mu mategeko ya IEC 61010-1
Amakuru abanziriza aya agaragaza ubuhanga bwa RICH PCBA mu gukora no guteranya PCB mu buvuzi. Niba wemera ubuhanga bwacu, nyamuneka ntutindiganye kutwandikira kuri imeri. Tuzagusubiza ikibazo cyawe vuba kandi tuguhe ikiguzi cya PCBA.
Intego y'umushinga
Kuba ibikoresho bya PCB by’ubuvuzi byizerwa ni ingenzi cyane, byaba bikoreshwa mu cyumba cyo kubaga cyangwa muri laboratwari. Nta mwanya uhari wo gukora nabi kw'ibikoresho cyangwa gukora nabi mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi. Kubwibyo, ibi bikurikira ni ingenzi mu gushyiraho urubuga rwo gukoresha mu bikoresho by'ubuvuzi:
● Igishushanyo cya PCB kigomba kwita ku bisabwa byihariye by'igikoresho cyo kwa muganga, harimo umubare w'ibice byacyo, ingano y'ikibaho, n'ibisabwa mu gucunga ubushyuhe.
● Ni ngombwa gushyira ibice byabyo neza no kubikurikirana neza kugira ngo ikibaho gikore neza.
● Guhitamo ibice ni ingenzi mu gukora ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi byizewe. Ni ngombwa gushaka ibice byiza byujuje ibisabwa byihariye by’igikoresho cy’ubuvuzi, kandi byizewe, biramba, kandi bimara igihe kirekire.
● Hitamo uruganda rw’inganda za PCB z’ubuvuzi rwabigize umwuga cyangwa ikigo gifite uburambe mu gutanga serivisi z’ubuvuzi n’izina ryiza kugira ngo urebe ko serivisi zo guteranya PCB zikora neza.
● Gukoresha uburyo bwo guteranya PCB zidafite icyuma gifunga bifatwa nk'uburyo bwiza, kandi guhitamo ikigo cyihaye intego yo kubungabunga ibidukikije bishobora kuzana inyungu zitunguranye ku mushinga wawe.
● Uburyo bwo gusukura PCB ni ingenzi cyane mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byo kwa muganga. Nubwo intego yo gusukura akenshi ari ukwirinda imiyoboro migufi iterwa n'ibizinga byo hejuru mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha, mu bikoresho byo kwa muganga, ibisigazwa by'isuku bishobora kwangiza abarwayi.
● Udusanduku tw’amashanyarazi twateranijwe tugomba gusuzumwa no gupimwa neza kugira ngo harebwe ko twujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo tube twizewe, dufite imikorere myiza kandi dufite umutekano.
● Kugira ngo barebe ko ikibazo cy’amashanyarazi (EMI) kitagira ingaruka ku buryo ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu buvuzi (PCB), abahanga mu by’imashini bagomba gukurikiza amahame atandukanye ya EMI.