Ibyiciro bya Moduli

Ikibaho cy'imodoka cya IC PCB

1. Ni gute wamenya umubare w'urwego rwa PCB itwara abagenzi?

Kumenya ukurikije ingano y'ibimenyetso, ibisabwa ku rwego rw'ingufu, n'ibisabwa ku buziranenge bw'ibimenyetso. Ibimenyetso byinshi byihuse bisaba urwego rw'imbere rw'inyongera kugira ngo birinde, urugero, ibikoresho bya poroseseri zigendanwa akenshi bikoresha urwego 8-10.
2. Ni gute washushanya ingano y'imodoka itwara abantu mu buryo bwa IC?

Igishushanyo mbonera gihuye n'ingano ya chip, imiterere y'ibice byo ku ruhande, n'umwanya wo kuyishyiramo. Urugero, ibikoresho by'amasaha bigezweho bisaba uburyo bwo kuyikoresha mu buryo bunoze.
3. Ni gute wahitamo ibikoresho bya PCB itwara abagenzi?

Koresha ibikoresho bidakoresha amashanyarazi menshi (urugero, Rogers) mu gukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi na FR-4 mu gukoresha muri rusange. Huza ingano y'ubushyuhe n'ikipi.
4. Ni gute washushanya inzira y'imodoka itwara abantu ya IC?

Kurikiza amahame y’ubuziranenge bw’ibimenyetso: komeza ibimenyetso by’umuvuduko wo hejuru bibe bigufi kandi bigororotse, urebe neza ko imiyoboro itandukanye ingana mu burebure kandi intera ingana mu buryo bumwe. Urugero, uburyo bwo kugenzura uburebure n’intera bya PCIe bisaba kugenzura neza uburebure n’intera.
5. Ni gute washushanya urwego rw'ingufu rwa kompanyi ya IC?

Teganya indege z'amashanyarazi zimwe kandi utandukanye uturere tw'amashanyarazi dutandukanye mu gihe cyo kugabanyamo ibice kugira ngo wirinde kuvugana hagati y'amashanyarazi ya digitale na analog.
6. Ni gute washushanya aho imodoka ya IC ihagarara?

Shyiraho urwego rwo hasi rudakoresha impedance nyinshi, ongeramo impeta zo kurinda ibimenyetso byumvikana, kandi ukoreshe grounding nyinshi kuri RF circuits.
7. Ni gute washushanya vias za IC carrier?

Ingano ya Via igenwa n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi n'inshuro. Koresha via ntoya (urugero, 0.3mm ku bimenyetso biri hejuru ya 10GHz) ku bimenyetso byihuse cyane kugira ngo ugabanye ibipimo bya parasite.
8. Ni gute washushanya paki ya BGA ku gikoresho gitwara imizigo cya IC?

Huza neza ingano n'intera bya pad, ongera uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu gace ka BGA, kandi wongereho ubushyuhe bunyuze mu cyiciro kiri munsi ya BGA.
9. Ni gute washushanya ahantu ho gupimira imodoka ya IC?

Ahantu ho gupimira hagomba kuba hari ibikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa, kandi hagomba gushyirwa ku makingo y'urufunguzo n'amapine y'amashanyarazi kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa mu gupimira.
10. Ni gute washushanya ecran ya silk y'imodoka itwara ibintu ya IC?

Agakoresho ko gutwikira ubudodo kagomba kugaragaza neza ibimenyetso by'ibice, polarity, nibindi, kandi gashyirwa ahantu hadafite ikintu kure y'ahantu ho gusudira.
11. Ni gute washushanya imiterere y'icyuma gitwara abantu mu buryo bwa IC?

Hindura imiterere (urugero: urukiramende/urudasa) ukurikije imiterere y'ibikoresho n'ibisabwa mu gushyiraho kugira ngo urebe ko bihuye n'ibindi bice, nko muri mudasobwa zigendanwa.
12. Ni gute washushanya uburyo bwo kwihanganira ibibazo by’imodoka ya IC?

Shyiraho ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu (urugero, ± 0.05mm ku bugari bw'umurongo) hashingiwe ku buryo bwo gukora kugira ngo harebwe ko bihuye neza n'uburyo ibice bishyirwamo.
13. Ni gute washushanya imiterere y'ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gitwara ibintu cya IC?

Koresha utumashini dushyushya, utumashini duto, cyangwa udukoresho tw'icyuma kugira ngo ubone utumashini dukoresha ingufu nyinshi. Urugero, ibikoresho bya CPU byongera uburyo ubushyuhe bukwirakwira binyuze mu miyoboro minini y'umuringa n'utumashini duto.
14. Ni gute wakora uburinzi bwa elegitoroniki ku gikoresho gitwara ibikoresho cya IC?

Koresha ibipfukisho by'icyuma bikingira cyangwa ibice bikingira hejuru kugira ngo ushyireho imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi igoye (urugero, module za RF).
15. Ni gute washushanya uburyo bwo kwizerwa bwa IC carrier?

Tekereza ku bikoresho, inzira, n'imiterere y'ubushyuhe mu buryo bwuzuye. Koresha ibikoresho byiza kandi ugabanye uburemere bw'imihangayiko.
16. Ni gute washushanya uburyo bwo gukora imodoka ya IC?

Igishushanyo mbonera gihuye n'ubushobozi bwo gukora (urugero, ubugari bw'umurongo/intera ntoya) kugira ngo byorohere gukora.
17. Ni gute washushanya uburyo bwo gupima icyuma gitwara imiti cya IC?

Shyiramo ingingo zihagije zo gupima no gukoresha uburyo bwo gusuzuma amakosa (urugero, JTAG) kugira ngo hakorwe isuzuma ry'umusaruro.
18. Ni gute washushanya uburyo imodoka ya IC ishobora kubungabunga?

Tegura ibice kugira ngo byoroshye gusimbuza, ushyire ibice bishobora kwangirika ahantu horoshye kugera.
19. Ni gute washushanya uburyo bwo kunoza ikiguzi cya sosiyete ya IC?

Kunoza ikiguzi ugenzura umubare w'ibice, ingano, no guhitamo ibikoresho n'imikorere bikwiye hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu mikorere.
20. Ni gute washushanya uburyo bwo kurengera ibidukikije by'imodoka itwara abagenzi ya IC?

Koresha ibikoresho bidafite icyuma gishongesha ibikoresho bidafite icyuma gishongesha ibikoresho birengera ibidukikije kugira ngo hubahirizwe amahame ya RoHS.
21. Ni uruhe ruhererekane rw'imikorere y'ibanze mu gukora PCB zitwara imizigo za IC?

Ibikorwa birimo gukata ibikoresho, gucukura, gushyira umuringa mu cyuma, gukoresha amashanyarazi, gukora uduce duto, gupfuka udupfukamunwa, gupima ubudodo, no gutunganya ubuso.
22. Ni ibihe bikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu nganda?

Ibikoresho birimo laminates zipfutse umuringa (FR-4, ibikoresho bikoresha frequency nyinshi), foil y'umuringa, wino yo gusoda/silk screen, n'ibikoresho byo gutunganya ubuso (gold/tin plating, OSP).
23. Ni gute wakwizeza ko gucukura ari ukuri?

Koresha ibikoresho bigezweho, komeza imyitozo yo gutobora buri gihe, genzura umuvuduko/umuvuduko wo kugaburira, kandi ukoreshe udupira two gushyiramo kugira ngo ukomeze kunyura kuri ≤±0.05mm.
24. Ni gute washyira umuringa mu bubiko?

Koresha icyuma gikingira amashanyarazi kugira ngo ushyire umuringa woroshye wa 0.2-0.5μm ku rukuta rw'umwobo, bityo inkuta zidakingira amashanyarazi zigakoresha amashanyarazi.
25. Ni gute wagenzura ubugari bw'icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi?

Genzura neza ubucucike bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, igihe, imiterere y'umuyoboro/ubushyuhe. Urugero, gushushanya umuringa wa 18-35μm bigerwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhindura ibipimo.
26. Ni gute wakora imirongo y'uruziga?

Koresha fotolithography kugira ngo wimure imiterere, hagakurikiraho iterambere n'isesengura. Ubugari bw'umurongo buke bushobora kugera kuri 0.075mm.
27. Ni gute wakwizeza ko maske ifite ubuziranenge?

Koresha wino nziza cyane, genzura ubugari/uburyo bwo gusiga, ongera ubushobozi bwo kwerekana/gupima. Ubugari bwa firime ni 25-40μm, nta ruhushya/umwobo urimo.
28. Ni gute wakora isuzuma rya silk?

Koresha icapiro rya ecran kugira ngo ugenzure ubugari bwa wino (10-20μm) n'ubuziranenge, urebe neza ko inyuguti zisobanutse neza kandi zigashyirwa neza.
29. Ni gute wahitamo uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuso?

Hitamo HASL yo gusoda neza na ENIG yo gufunga, ukurikije ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa.
30. Ni izihe nenge zikunze kugaragara mu nganda?

Imirongo migufi, imirongo ifunguye, imirongo ifunguye, inenge zo gupfuka udupfukamunwa, ecran y'ubudodo butagaragara, inkuta z'imyobo igoye, imiterere y'inyuma, n'ibindi.
31. Ni gute wagenzura ubuziranenge?

Koresha AOI, X-ray, isuzuma rya probe iguruka, na ICT kugira ngo urebe ubuziranenge bw'uruziga, ubwiza bw'aho rusudira, n'imikorere y'amashanyarazi.
32. Ni gute wakosora inenge?

Koresha micro-etching kugira ngo ukureho umuringa urenze ku myenda migufi, insinga zo gupfuka, no gusana aho hantu niba hari inenge zo gupfuka. Ongera usuzume nyuma yo gusana.
33. Ni ubuhe buryo busanzwe bwo gukora umusaruro?

Iminsi 3-7 ku batwara ibicuruzwa bisanzwe, iminsi 10-15 ku bigo bigoye, n'iminsi 1-3 ku byoherejwe byihutirwa (hamwe n'ibiciro biri hejuru).
34. Ni gute wagabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora ibintu?

Kunoza imiterere kugira ngo ugabanye umubare/ingano y'ibice, hitamo ibikoresho/uburyo buhendutse, kandi wongere umusaruro.
35. Inganda zigira izihe ngaruka ku bidukikije?

Ikora amazi yanduye, imyuka isohora imyanda, n'ibisigazwa by'imyanda birimo ibyuma biremereye, bigasaba ko ivugururwa kugira ngo ihuze n'ibipimo by'imiyoboro y'amazi.
36. Ni gute wakongera urwego rw'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga?

Koresha ibikoresho byo gupakira/gupakurura ibikoresho byikora, gupima ubudodo, no kugenzura kugira ngo wongere imikorere myiza n'ubwiza.
37. Ni ibihe bikoresho bikoreshwa mu nganda?

Imashini zo gucukura, imiyoboro yo gushyiramo umuringa/amashanyarazi, imashini zo gushyiramo ibintu, imashini zicukura, imashini zicapa udupfukamunwa/imashini zicapa silk screen, ibikoresho byo gutunganya ubuso, n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura.
38. Ni gute wabungabunga ibikoresho byo mu nganda?

Kosora buri gihe, sukura, usimbuze ibice byangiritse, kandi ushyireho uburyo bwo kugenzura ibipimo kugira ngo ibikoresho bikore neza kandi bihamye.
39. Ni gute wanoza ibipimo by'imikorere?

Kunoza ibipimo byo gucukura, gukoresha amashanyarazi, gukata, nibindi, binyuze mu isesengura ry’igerageza—urugero, kunoza uburyo bwo gukata kugira ngo hongerwe ireme n’imikorere myiza.
40. Ni gute wakwizeza ko ibikorwa bihora bihinduka?

Shyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza asanzwe, kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho fatizo, gupima ibikoresho, no guhugura abakozi kugira ngo barebe ko ibintu byose bihora bihinduka.
41. Ni gute wapima imikorere y'amashanyarazi?

Koresha multimeters, oscilloscopes, na network analyzers kugira ngo upime uburyo ibimenyetso bikomeza gukora, impedance, n'imiterere y'ihererekanya ry'amajwi.
42. Ni gute wasuzuma ubuziranenge bw'ikimenyetso?

Koresha imbonerahamwe y'amaso, isuzuma ry'amaso, n'ibizamini byo kuvugana hagati y'amaso kugira ngo usesengure uburyo amaso ahindagurika. Gufungura imbonerahamwe y'amaso bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa.
43. Ni gute wakongera ubuziranenge bw'ingufu?

Ongera uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ingufu, ongeramo capacitors zigabanya ingufu, gabanya imbaraga zo mu kirere/ingufu z'amashanyarazi, kandi ugabanye urusaku—urugero, shyira capacitors zifite agaciro kenshi hafi y'udupira tw'amashanyarazi.
44. Ni gute wapima imikorere ya RF?

Koresha vector network analyzers kugira ngo upime igihombo cyo gushyiramo, igihombo cyo kugaruka, isolation, nibindi, kugira ngo urebe ko ikimenyetso cya RF gikwirakwira mu buryo busanzwe.
45. Ni gute wasuzuma imikorere y'ubushyuhe?

Koresha amashusho y'ubushyuhe kugira ngo upime uburyo ubushyuhe bukwirakwira kandi ubare ubushyuhe budashobora gukwirakwira. Ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bwa chip bugomba kuba buri mu rugero ntarengwa.
46. Ni gute wakongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya kwivanga mu bikorwa?

Koresha uburyo bwo kurinda, kuyungurura, no gukoresha neza inzira—urugero, tandukanya ahantu hakoresha ikoranabuhanga/analog hanyuma wongereho uburyo bwo kurinda ku bimenyetso byumvikana.
47. Ni gute wapima ubwizerwe?

Kora ibizamini byo gusaza ku bushyuhe bwinshi (urugero: 85℃), ubwihindurize bw'ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, n'ibizamini byo gutigita kugira ngo urebe niba ibidukikije bihuye n'imimerere.
48. Ni gute wasuzuma ubuzima bw'umurimo?

Guteganya igihe serivisi imara binyuze mu gupima ubuzima bwihuse no gukoresha Arrhenius equation modelling.
49. Ni gute wakongera ubushobozi bwo guhuza ingufu za elegitoroniki (EMC)?

Ongera uburyo bwo gusiga hasi, kurinda no kuyungurura kugira ngo ugenzure imirasire y'ibimenyetso n'uburyo bwo kwirinda ingaruka mbi—urugero, ongeramo amafuremu yo gusiga hasi ku nkengero za PCB.
50. Ni gute wapima imikorere ya mekanike?

Kora ibizamini byo kunama, gukaza umuvuduko, no gukata kugira ngo upime imbaraga z'ikibaho, bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa.
51. Ni gute wasuzuma ubuziranenge bw'ibinyabutabire?

Suzuma ukoresheje ibizamini byo kurwanya ubukana bw'ibinyabutabire (kwinjiza mu bisubizo bya aside/alkali) kugira ngo urebe impinduka mu miterere n'imikorere.
52. Ni gute wakongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ikirere bwa PCB itwara abagenzi ya IC?

Hitamo ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ikirere neza kandi ushyireho uburyo bwo kurinda ubuso (nk'ubusigi bushobora gusiga irangi ridashobora gusigwa) kugira ngo wongere igihe cyo gukora hanze.
53. Ni gute wapima imikorere y'ubushyuhe bwa PCB itwara ibikoresho bya IC?

Koresha icyuma gipima ubukana bw'ubushyuhe kugira ngo upime ubukana bw'ubushyuhe hagati y'insinga n'ubushyuhe hagati y'insinga n'ubutaka (bugomba kuba buri hejuru y'urugero rwa megohm).
54. Ni gute wasuzuma imikorere ya dielectric ya PCB itwara amashanyarazi ya IC?

Suzuma ukoresheje ibipimo nka dielectric constant na dielectric loss factor. Mu ikoreshwa ry’inshuro nyinshi, dielectric constant igomba kuba ihamye kandi iri hasi.
55. Ni gute wakongera umuvuduko wo kohereza ibimenyetso bya PCB itwara abagenzi?

Kunoza insinga, koresha ibikoresho bigabanya igihombo, kandi ukoreshe imiyoboro mito cyangwa imirongo ikoreshwa mu kwerekana ibimenyetso byihuta cyane kugira ngo ugabanye gutinda.
56. Ni gute wapima ubushobozi bwo gucunga ingufu bwa PCB itwara amashanyarazi ya IC?

Shyira imbaraga zitandukanye, urebe ubushyuhe bw'uruziga n'impinduka mu mikorere y'amashanyarazi, kandi usuzume ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu byuma by'amashanyarazi.
57. Ni gute wasuzuma imikorere y'urusaku rwa PCB itwara imizigo ya IC?

Pima urusaku rw'ingufu, urusaku rw'ikimenyetso, nibindi, kugira ngo urebe neza ko agaciro k'urusaku rw'ingufu kuva ku gasongero kugeza ku gasongero kari mu rugero rwemewe.
58. Ni gute wakongera ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira amakosa ya PCB itwara abagenzi?

Koresha imiterere idasagutse (nk'iyo kongeramo imiyoboro cyangwa ibice), kandi ukoreshe uburyo bwo kohereza ubutumwa bw'imirongo ibiri kugira ngo wongere ubwizerwe.
59. Ni gute wapima imikorere ya PCB itwara imizigo ya IC?

Isuzuma ry'umuvuduko w'ikimenyetso n'ihindagurika ry'imikorere mu bihe bihindagurika (nk'isuzuma ry'uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru ku buryo bwihuta).
60. Ni gute wasuzuma niba PCB ya IC ihuye?

Kora ibizamini byo guhuza ukoresheje chips na modules zitandukanye (nk'ibizamini ukoresheje chips zitandukanye) kugira ngo urebe ko sisitemu ikora neza.
61. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo bya "short-circuit" muri PCB ya IC?

Banza ukoreshe AOI kugira ngo urebe niba hari aho umurongo uhagaze, hanyuma ukoreshe multimeter kugira ngo upime uburinzi bw'aho uhagaze, hanyuma urebe niba hari aho umurongo uhagaze mu miyoboro cyangwa mu miyoboro y'ibice.
62. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo bya open-circuit muri PCB ya IC carrier?

Koresha ikizamini cyo gupima ikirere cyangwa multimeter kugira ngo upime uburyo uruziga rukomeza kandi urebe niba hari imiyoboro ifunguye cyangwa imiyoboro yafunzwe (bishobora guterwa no gucukura cyane cyangwa ibibazo byo gucukura).
63. Ni gute wakemura ikibazo cyo kohereza ibimenyetso mu buryo budasanzwe muri PCB itwara abagenzi?

Koresha oscilloscope kugira ngo urebe imiterere y'amajwi y'ibimenyetso, urebe niba hari ibibazo byo kugarura no kuganira, kandi usuzume uburyo insinga zidahuye neza cyangwa impedance.
64. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo by'amashanyarazi muri PCB ya IC?

Pima voltage y'amashanyarazi, reba niba hari imiyoboro migufi/ifunguye mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi hamwe n'ibura rya capacitor, kandi usuzume amakosa ya chip y'amashanyarazi cyangwa igihombo kinini cy'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi.
65. Ni gute wakemura ikibazo cy'ubushyuhe budasanzwe muri PCB itwara amashanyarazi ya IC?

Koresha ishusho y'ubushyuhe kugira ngo umenye amasoko y'ubushyuhe kandi urebe niba igikoresho cy'amashanyarazi cyiyongera cyangwa ko ubushyuhe budakwirakwira neza (nk'aho icyuma gishyushya gishyirwa nabi cyangwa aho ubushyuhe bugera budahagije).
66. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo byo kubangamira amashanyarazi (EMI) muri PCB ya IC carrier?

Koresha icyuma gisesengura imiterere y'ikirere kugira ngo umenye aho ibintu bihurira kandi urebe uburyo bwo kurinda (nk'aho guhuza ubutaka n'ibifuniko by'uburinzi n'imikorere isanzwe y'imiyoboro ya filter).
67. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo byo gusudira muri PCB ya IC?

Koresha AOI kugira ngo urebe niba hari imiyoboro ikonje yo gusoda, imiyoboro ibura, n'aho ihuza, kandi usuzume ibibazo by'ubushyuhe/igihe cyo gusudira bitameze neza cyangwa ubwiza bw'imiyoboro.
68. Ni gute wakemura ikibazo cy’ibyangiritse mu gice cya PCB gitwara ibikoresho bya IC?

Koresha multimeters na oscilloscopes kugira ngo upime imikorere y'ibice (nk'ubudahangarwa, ubushobozi, na diode conductivity), kandi usuzume impamvu z'ubudahangarwa bw'amashanyarazi/ubudahangarwa bw'amashanyarazi.
69. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo by’imiterere ya PCB ya IC?

Suzuma inyandiko z'igishushanyo mbonera, ugereranye imikorere nyayo n'ibisobanuro, kandi usuzume amakosa adakwiye yo gushyiraho insinga cyangwa ibipimo (nk'ubugari bw'umurongo budahagije ku gutwara umuriro).
70. Ni gute wakemura ikibazo cy’uko PCB ya IC itakora neza aho igeragezwa rya PCB?

Reba niba hari ogisijeni/ubwandu ku buso bw'aho igeragezwa ribera, ubusaza bw'ibikoresho byo gupima, cyangwa ibibazo byo guhuza ibikoresho. Sukura aho igeragezwa ribera cyangwa usimbuze ibikoresho byo gupima.
71. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo bya ecran ya silk muri PCB ya IC?

Reba neza, neza, n'aho isura y'urudodo igaragara, kandi usuzume ibibazo by'imikorere y'urudodo cyangwa ubwiza bw'urudodo (nk'uburyo bwo guhindura ibipimo by'urudodo).
72. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo bya maske ya solder muri PCB ya IC?

Reba urwego rwa maske yo gupfuka kugira ngo urebe ko hari uduheri, imyobo, n'aho ipfuka, hanyuma usuzume ibibazo byo gupfuka/gukuraho (nk'uburyo bwo guhindura ubunini bw'igipfuka n'ubushyuhe bwo gupfuka).
73. Ni gute wakemura ikibazo cyo gutandukanya hagati y’ibice biri hagati ya PCB?

Koresha X-ray kugira ngo umenye isano riri hagati y’ibice by’inyuma no gukora iperereza ku bibazo by’ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa ibibazo byo guhuza ibikoresho (nk'impinduka zihuse z’ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gukora).
74. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo by'imyobo ikomeye mu gikoresho cya PCB gitwara abagenzi?

Reba inkuta z'imyobo ukoresheje mikorosikopi kandi urebe ibipimo byo gucukura n'uburyo icyuma gisanzwe cyangiritse (urugero nko guhindura umuvuduko wo gucukura n'umuvuduko w'amazi).
75. Ni gute wakemura ikibazo cyo kutagira ubwikorezi mu buryo bubi bwa PCB itwara ibyuma?

Reba imiterere y’urwego rwo gutunganya ubuso, gukomera, n’uburyo ibintu bihinduka mu buryo bwa oxidation/corrosion, kandi usuzume ibipimo by’imikorere idakwiye (nk’uburyo bwo guhindura igihe cyo gushyiramo amashanyarazi n’ubucucike bw’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi).
76. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo byo kunyura mu buryo bw'ibipimo muri PCB ya IC?

Koresha ibikoresho byo gupima nka calipers kugira ngo ugereranye n'ibipimo by'igishushanyo mbonera kandi usuzume ibibazo byo gushyira mu bikorwa cyangwa gutunganya neza (nk'uko bireba aho gucukura biherereye).
77. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo byo guhindagurika kwa PCB ya IC?

Koresha igikoresho gipima ubugari kugira ngo umenye kandi usuzume ibibazo by'ubushyuhe cyangwa ibikoresho (nk'urugero rw'ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'ikibaho, kunoza imiterere y'ubushyuhe).
78. Ni gute wakemura ikibazo cyo kutubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho y’ibidukikije kuri PCB itwara abagenzi ya IC?

Gerageza imiterere y'ibikoresho kandi urebe uko bikorwa (nk'uko ibikoresho birimo icyuma gishyushya bikoreshwa ndetse niba amazi yanduye / imyuka ihumanya yujuje ibisabwa).
79. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo byo gukora bya PCB ya IC?

Ganira n'abakora ibikoresho kandi urebe niba igishushanyo mbonera cyujuje ibisabwa mu buryo (nk'ubugari bw'umurongo/intera y'ibikoresho byo guhura, kunoza igishushanyo mbonera).
80. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo byo gupimwa bya PCB itwara abantu?

Reba niba ishingiro ry'igenamiterere ry'amanota yo gusuzuma n'uburyo ikoreshwa ry'aho ukorera, hanyuma usuzume aho ukorera aho ukorera ibintu bidahagije cyangwa aho ukorera ibintu bidakwiye (ongera utegure aho ukorera ibintu).
81. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya PCB yo gutwara ibintu ya IC na PCB isanzwe?

PCB zitwara imizigo zibanda cyane ku guhuza chip, zifite ingano nto, ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, insinga zicucitse, hamwe n'ibisabwa byinshi kugira ngo ikimenyetso kibe cyiza kandi gishire ubushyuhe.
82. Ni gute wahitamo umutanga serivisi yo gutwara PCB ya IC?

Suzuma ubushobozi bw'umusaruro w'abatanga ibicuruzwa, igenzura ry'ubuziranenge, urwego rwa tekiniki, igiciro, n'igihe cyo kubitanga (urugero nko kugenzura ibyemezo bifatika n'iterambere ry'ibikoresho).
83. Ni gute wacunga ububiko bwa PCB ya IC?

Genzura neza ingano y'ibikoresho ukurikije gahunda z'umusaruro n'ibiteganyijwe ku busabe, ukore igenzura ry'ibikoresho buri gihe, kandi ukoreshe uburyo bwa ABC bwo gushyira mu byiciro kugira ngo wirinde ko ibintu byinshi bigabanuka/bibura.
84. Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kongera gukoresha PCB itwara ibikoresho bya IC?

Gukuraho no kuvura hakoreshejwe imiti bishobora gukoreshwa mu kugarura umuringa n'ibyuma by'agaciro (nk'aside iva mu bubiko kugira ngo umuringa ugarurwe, hakurikijwe ibisabwa n'ibidukikije).

Ikibaho cy'imodoka cya IC PCB

1. Ni gute wamenya umubare w'urwego rwa PCB itwara abagenzi?

2. Ni gute washushanya ingano y'imodoka itwara abantu mu buryo bwa IC?

3. Ni gute wahitamo ibikoresho bya PCB itwara abagenzi?

4. Ni gute washushanya inzira y'imodoka itwara abantu ya IC?

5. Ni gute washushanya urwego rw'ingufu rwa kompanyi ya IC?

6. Ni gute washushanya aho imodoka ya IC ihagarara?

7. Ni gute washushanya vias za IC carrier?

8. Ni gute washushanya paki ya BGA ku gikoresho gitwara imizigo cya IC?

9. Ni gute washushanya ahantu ho gupimira imodoka ya IC?

10. Ni gute washushanya ecran ya silk y'imodoka itwara ibintu ya IC?

11. Ni gute washushanya imiterere y'icyuma gitwara abantu mu buryo bwa IC?

12. Ni gute washushanya uburyo bwo kwihanganira ibibazo by’imodoka ya IC?

13. Ni gute washushanya imiterere y'ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gitwara ibintu cya IC?

14. Ni gute wakora uburinzi bwa elegitoroniki ku gikoresho gitwara ibikoresho cya IC?

15. Ni gute washushanya uburyo bwo kwizerwa bwa IC carrier?

16. Ni gute washushanya uburyo bwo gukora imodoka ya IC?

17. Ni gute washushanya uburyo bwo gupima icyuma gitwara imiti cya IC?

18. Ni gute washushanya uburyo imodoka ya IC ishobora kubungabunga?

19. Ni gute washushanya uburyo bwo kunoza ikiguzi cya sosiyete ya IC?

20. Ni gute washushanya uburyo bwo kurengera ibidukikije by'imodoka itwara abagenzi ya IC?

21. Ni uruhe ruhererekane rw'imikorere y'ibanze mu gukora PCB zitwara imizigo za IC?

22. Ni ibihe bikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu nganda?

23. Ni gute wakwizeza ko gucukura ari ukuri?

24. Ni gute washyira umuringa mu bubiko?

25. Ni gute wagenzura ubugari bw'icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi?

26. Ni gute wakora imirongo y'uruziga?

27. Ni gute wakwizeza ko maske ifite ubuziranenge?

28. Ni gute wakora isuzuma rya silk?

29. Ni gute wahitamo uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuso?

30. Ni izihe nenge zikunze kugaragara mu nganda?

31. Ni gute wagenzura ubuziranenge?

32. Ni gute wakosora inenge?

33. Ni ubuhe buryo busanzwe bwo gukora umusaruro?

34. Ni gute wagabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora ibintu?

35. Inganda zigira izihe ngaruka ku bidukikije?

36. Ni gute wakongera urwego rw'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga?

37. Ni ibihe bikoresho bikoreshwa mu nganda?

38. Ni gute wabungabunga ibikoresho byo mu nganda?

39. Ni gute wanoza ibipimo by'imikorere?

40. Ni gute wakwizeza ko ibikorwa bihora bihinduka?

41. Ni gute wapima imikorere y'amashanyarazi?

42. Ni gute wasuzuma ubuziranenge bw'ikimenyetso?

43. Ni gute wakongera ubuziranenge bw'ingufu?

44. Ni gute wapima imikorere ya RF?

45. Ni gute wasuzuma imikorere y'ubushyuhe?

46. ​​Ni gute wakongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya kwivanga mu bikorwa?

47. Ni gute wapima ubwizerwe?

48. Ni gute wasuzuma ubuzima bw'umurimo?

49. Ni gute wakongera ubushobozi bwo guhuza ingufu za elegitoroniki (EMC)?

50. Ni gute wapima imikorere ya mekanike?

51. Ni gute wasuzuma ubuziranenge bw'ibinyabutabire?

52. Ni gute wakongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ikirere bwa PCB itwara abagenzi ya IC?

53. Ni gute wapima imikorere y'ubushyuhe bwa PCB itwara ibikoresho bya IC?

54. Ni gute wasuzuma imikorere ya dielectric ya PCB itwara amashanyarazi ya IC?

55. Ni gute wakongera umuvuduko wo kohereza ibimenyetso bya PCB itwara abagenzi?

56. Ni gute wapima ubushobozi bwo gucunga ingufu bwa PCB itwara amashanyarazi ya IC?

57. Ni gute wasuzuma imikorere y'urusaku rwa PCB itwara imizigo ya IC?

58. Ni gute wakongera ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira amakosa ya PCB itwara abagenzi?

59. Ni gute wapima imikorere ya PCB itwara imizigo ya IC?

60. Ni gute wasuzuma niba PCB ya IC ihuye?

61. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo bya "short-circuit" muri PCB ya IC?

62. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo bya open-circuit muri PCB ya IC carrier?

63. Ni gute wakemura ikibazo cyo kohereza ibimenyetso mu buryo budasanzwe muri PCB itwara abagenzi?

64. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo by'amashanyarazi muri PCB ya IC?

65. Ni gute wakemura ikibazo cy'ubushyuhe budasanzwe muri PCB itwara amashanyarazi ya IC?

66. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo byo kubangamira amashanyarazi (EMI) muri PCB ya IC carrier?

67. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo byo gusudira muri PCB ya IC?

68. Ni gute wakemura ikibazo cy’ibyangiritse mu gice cya PCB gitwara ibikoresho bya IC?

69. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo by’imiterere ya PCB ya IC?

70. Ni gute wakemura ikibazo cy’uko PCB ya IC itakora neza aho igeragezwa rya PCB?

71. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo bya ecran ya silk muri PCB ya IC?

72. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo bya maske ya solder muri PCB ya IC?

73. Ni gute wakemura ikibazo cyo gutandukanya hagati y’ibice biri hagati ya PCB?

74. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo by'imyobo ikomeye mu gikoresho cya PCB gitwara abagenzi?

75. Ni gute wakemura ikibazo cyo kutagira ubwikorezi mu buryo bubi bwa PCB itwara ibyuma?

76. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo byo kunyura mu buryo bw'ibipimo muri PCB ya IC?

77. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo byo guhindagurika kwa PCB ya IC?

78. Ni gute wakemura ikibazo cyo kutubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho y’ibidukikije kuri PCB itwara abagenzi ya IC?

79. Ni gute wakemura ibibazo byo gukora bya PCB ya IC?

46. Ni gute wakongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya kwivanga mu bikorwa?