Byasobanuwe kuri PCIe 5.0 vs PCIe 6.0: Imbogamizi z'ingenzi ku gukora PCB mu kigo cy'amakuru cya AI
Ibikubiye muri iyi nyandiko
- Intangiriro: Ibisabwa na PCIe Evolution na AI Data Center
- PCIe 5.0 ni iki?
- PCIe 6.0 ni iki?
- Impamvu ibigo by'amakuru bya AI bikeneye PCIe 5.0 na 6.0
- Imbogamizi ku busugire bw'ibimenyetso: PCIe 5.0 vs 6.0
- Ibikoresho bya PCB byihuta cyane n'uburyo bwo guhitamo ibintu
- Uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa PCIe 6.0 PAM4 Signaling muri PCB
- Uburyo bwo gupima no kwemeza
- Inyigo y'Uruganda n'Imurikagurisha ry'Ubushobozi
- Umwanzuro n'ibyifuzo
- Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)
Ibisabwa na PCIe Evolution na AI Data Center
PCI Express (PCIe) ni imwe mu ngingo z'ingenzi cyane zikoreshwa mu guhuza porogaramu mu buryo bwihuse muri seriveri na GPU clusters.
PCIe 5.0 ni iki?
PCIe 5.0, yatangijwe mu 2019, yongereye igipimo cy'amakuru kigera kuri 32 GT/s, itanga hafi 4 GB/s kuri buri murongo na 64 GB/s kuri buri mwanya wuzuye wa x16. Iracyakoresha ikimenyetso cya NRZ (Non-Return-to-Zero), ikomeza guhuza inyuma.
PCIe 6.0 ni iki?
PCIe 6.0, yasohotse mu 2022, yikubye kabiri umuvuduko ugera kuri 64 GT/s, itanga 128 GB/s nini ku mirongo ya x16. Igishya cy'ingenzi ni ukwimukira kuri PAM4 (Pulse-Amplitude Modulation ifite levels 4) no guhuza FEC (Forward Error Correction) kugira ngo bigabanye amakosa ya bit. Iri hinduka ryongera cyane imiterere ya PCB, cyane cyane ku buziranenge bw'ibimenyetso.
Impamvu ibigo by'amakuru bya AI bikeneye PCIe 5.0 na 6.0
Amahugurwa ya AI n'ibitekerezo bisaba imikoranire yihuta cyane hagati ya GPU na CPU. PCIe 5.0 na PCIe 6.0 bitanga umuyoboro w'amakuru ya AI wishingikirizaho. Uko ubucucike bwa GPU bwiyongera, ibibazo byo kutagira ibimenyetso bya PCB biragenda byiyongera, bigatuma inganda zigezweho ziba ingenzi.
Imbogamizi ku busugire bw'ibimenyetso: PCIe 5.0 vs 6.0
Igihombo cyo gushyiramo
Kuri PCIe 5.0, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira igihombo kiri hagati ya 28-30 dB, ariko PCIe 6.0 isaba imipaka ikomeye cyane, akenshi iri munsi ya 20 dB. Igihombo cya dielectric (Df) cy'ibikoresho bya PCB n'uburebure bwa trace bigira ingaruka ku buryo ibimenyetso bikomeza kuba bihamye.
Kugenzura uburyo bwo kuganira no gukumira inzitizi
Iyo PAM4 ikoze, uburebure bw'amajwi bugabanukaho kabiri, bigatuma imikorere y'amajwi n'iy'amajwi irushaho kuba ikibazo. Ikorwa rya PCB rigomba kugumana impedance y'itandukaniro iri hagati ya 85 ± 5 Ω, bigasaba amategeko akomeye yo gushyira intera n'ingamba zo kurinda.
Imbogamizi zo Gutandukanya Inzira n'Imiterere
Uburebure bw'amakuru muri PCIe 6.0 bugomba kugabanywa. Amakuru yose arenga santimetero 10 asaba ibikoresho bigabanya igihombo cyane cyangwa kongeramo retimers kugira ngo ikimenyetso kigumeho neza.
Ibikoresho bya PCB byihuta cyane n'uburyo bwo guhitamo ibintu
FR4 vs Ibikoresho Bikoresha Ingufu Nyinshi/Umuvuduko Winshi
FR4 isanzwe ihura n'ingorane mu gukoresha PCIe 6.0. Ibikoresho bigezweho nka Megtron 6, Tachyon 100G, na Isola I-Tera MT40 bitanga Dr/Df iri hasi, bigatuma biba byiza mu gukoresha PAM4.
Ubunini bwa PCB yihuta cyane n'uburyo bwo guhitamo foil y'umuringa
Ubunini bukabije bw'umuringa byongera igihombo cyo kwinjira. Ubunini bwa PCB yihuta cyane akenshi buba bungana na oz 1 cyangwa buto, hamwe n'icyuma cyoroshye gikoreshwa mu kugabanya ubukana bw'ubuso no kunoza imikorere y'ikimenyetso.
Uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa PCIe 6.0 PAM4 Signaling muri PCB
Gushyira mu bikorwa PAM4 bisaba kunoza neza ibikoresho, inzira, n'ibihuza. Ishusho y'amaso yemeza imikorere, mu gihe witonze binyuze mu buyobozi bigabanya inzitizi.
Uburyo bwo gupima no kwemeza
- Gusuzuma iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko bireba ko PCIe 6.0 ikurikiza iyubahirizwa ry'imiyoboro
- Isesengura ry'Ishusho y'Ijisho rigenzura aho ibimenyetso by'amaso bifunguka
- Gupima TX/RX hakoreshejwe FEC bigabanya igipimo cy'amakosa ya bit
- Isuzuma rya CEM ryemeza uburyo sisitemu ikorana n'abandi ku rwego rw'imikorere
Inyigo y'Uruganda n'Imurikagurisha ry'Ubushobozi
Ubuhanga bwacu mu gukora PCB mu kigo cy’amakuru cya AI burimo:
- Ikorwa ryinshi rikoresheje laminate idafite igihombo kinini
- Ubushobozi bwo kugenzura inzira yihuta cyane no kugenzura impedance
- Inyigo zerekana ko BER yagabanutseho 40% na GPU yazamutseho 12%
Ibyifuzo
PCIe 5.0 na PCIe 6.0 birimo kuvugurura uburyo bwo gukora PCB ku bigo by’amakuru bya AI. Injeniyeri mu by’ubwubatsi zigomba gushyira imbere ibikoresho byihuta cyane, uburyo bwo gukora neza, no gukora simulation zikomeye. Abayobozi bashinzwe amasoko bagomba gukorana n’inganda za PCB zifite uburambe mu gukora ibishushanyo mbonera byihuta cyane.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)
Q1: Ni irihe tandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati ya PCIe 5.0 na PCIe 6.0?
A1: Umuvuduko wongera kuva kuri 32 GT/s ukagera kuri 64 GT/s, hamwe no gukoresha PAM4 na FEC.
Q2: Kuki ibigo by'amakuru bya AI bifite ibisabwa byinshi mu gukora PCB?
A2: Igipimo cya GPU cluster ni kinini, imiyoboro yo guhuza ni miremire, kandi imbogamizi ku buziranenge bw'ibimenyetso ni ingenzi.
Q3: Ni ayahe mahitamo asanzwe ku bikoresho bya PCB byihuta?
A3: Megtron 6, Tachyon 100G, I-Tera MT40.
Q4: Ni gute wagabanya igihombo cy'amajwi muri PCIe 6.0?
A4: Hitamo ibikoresho bitakaza igihombo gito, genzura uburebure bw'aho ibintu biherereye, koresha ibikoresho bigabanya igihe.
Q5: Ese ubugari bwa PCB yihuta cyane bugira ingaruka ku majwi?
A5: Yego, ubugari bukabije bw'umuringa byongera igihombo. Koresha umuringa woroshye ufite ubugari bukwiye.
Q6: Ni gute wakwemeza imikorere ya PCIe channel muri motherboards za AI data center?
A6: Binyuze mu gupima kubahiriza amategeko, gusesengura Ishusho y'amaso, no gupima FEC.
