Kusanthula ndi Kuchepetsa Phokoso la Mphamvu mu Njira Yopangira Ma PCB Othamanga Kwambiri

Mu PCB yapamwamba kwambiris, phokoso la magetsi limadziwika ngati njira yofunika kwambiri yosokoneza. Nkhaniyi ikuwunika bwino makhalidwe ndi chiyambi cha phokoso la magetsi m'ma PCB amphamvu kwambiri, ndipo imapereka mayankho othandiza komanso ogwira mtima kutengera ntchito zaukadaulo.

A.Kusanthula Phokoso la Mphamvu Yopereka Mphamvu

Phokoso la magetsi limatanthauza phokoso lomwe limapangidwa kapena kusokonezedwa ndi magetsi enieniwo. Kusokoneza kumeneku kumawonekera m'mbali zotsatirazi:

1. Phokoso lofalikira lochokera kuimpedance yobadwa nayo ya magetsi. Mu ma circuits amphamvu, phokoso la magetsi limakhudza kwambiri ma signalo amphamvu amphamvu. Chifukwa chake, chofunikira choyamba ndi phokoso lochepamagetsiZofunikanso ndi nthaka yoyera ndi magetsi.

Mu mkhalidwe wabwino, magetsi adzakhalawopanda impedance, zomwe sizimapangitsa phokoso. Komabe, m'machitidwe, magetsi ali ndi impedance inayake, yomwe imagawidwa pamagetsi onse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lalikulu. Chifukwa chake, kuyesetsa kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti kuchepetsa impedance ya magetsi. Ndikwabwino kukhala ndi chipangizo chodzipangira ndege yamagetsindindege yapansi. Pakupanga ma circuit amphamvu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino kupanga magetsi m'magawo osati m'njira ya basi, kuonetsetsa kuti kuzungulirako kukutsatira njira mosalekeza popanda kulepheretsa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, bolodi lamagetsi limaperekakuzungulira kwa chizindikiropa zizindikiro zonse zopangidwa ndi kulandiridwa pa PCB, motero kuchepetsa kuzungulira kwa chizindikiro ndikuchepetsa phokoso.

2. Kusokoneza kwa Common Mode Field: Mtundu uwu wa kusokoneza umakhudzana ndi phokoso pakati pa magetsi ndi nthaka. Kumachitika chifukwa cha kusokoneza komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuzungulira komwe kumapangidwa ndi dera losokonezeka ndi magetsi a common mode omwe amachokera pamwamba pa malo olumikizirana. Kukula kwake kumadalira mphamvu zamagetsi ndi maginito, ndipo mphamvu yake ndi yotsika.

Munkhaniyi, kuchepa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi (Ic) kumabweretsa voteji yofanana mu mndandandakuzungulira kwamakono, zomwe zimakhudza gawo lolandira. Ngatimphamvu yamaginitoPamwamba pa zonse, mphamvu yamagetsi yodziwika bwino yomwe imapangidwa mu mzere wa nthaka imaperekedwa ndi fomula iyi:

ΔB mu fomula (1) ikuyimira kusintha kwa mphamvu ya maginito yopangira mphamvu, yoyesedwa mu Wb/m²S imasonyeza dera mu m².

Kwamunda wamagetsi, pamene munda wamagetsi Mtengo wake umadziwika, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe yayambitsidwa imaperekedwa ndi Equation (2), yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene L = 150/F kapena kuchepera, ndipo F ikuyimiramafunde amagetsi ozunguliramu MHz. Ngati malire awa apitirira, kuwerengera kwa mphamvu yayikulu yoyambitsidwa kungathe kuchepetsedwa motere:

3. Kusiyana kwa Malo Olumikizirana: Izi zikutanthauza kusokonezana pakati pa magetsi ndichingwe chamagetsi cholowera ndi chotulutsasMu kapangidwe ka PCB, wolembayo adawona kuti chothandizira chake pa phokoso lamagetsi ndi chochepa, motero sichingatchulidwe pano.
4. Kusokoneza kwa Interline: Mtundu uwu wa kusokoneza umakhudzana ndi kusokoneza pakati pa zingwe zamagetsi. Pakakhala capacitance yolumikizana (C) ndi inductance yolumikizana (M1-2) pakati pa ma circuits awiri osiyana ofanana, kusokoneza kudzawonekera mu circuits yosokonezedwa ngati pali voltage (VC) ndi current (IC) mu circuit yolumikizira:
   1. Voltage yolumikizidwa kudzera mu capacitive impedance imaperekedwa ndi Equation (4), pomwe RV imayimira mtengo wofanana wakukana kwapafupindikukana kwakutalizadera losokonezeka.
   2. Kukana kwa mndandanda kudzera mu kulumikizana kwa inductive: Ngati pali phokoso la common mode mu gwero la kusokoneza, kusokoneza kwa interline nthawi zambiri kumawonekera mu common mode komanso differential mode.
5. Kulumikiza Mzere wa Mphamvu: Chochitika ichi chimachitika pamene chingwe chamagetsi chitumiza zosokoneza ku zipangizo zina pambuyo poti zagwiritsidwa ntchito.kusokoneza kwa maginito kuchokera ku AC kapena DC gwero lamagetsiIzi zikuyimira mtundu wosalunjika wa kusokoneza phokoso la magetsi dera la ma frequency apamwambasNdikofunikira kudziwa kuti phokoso la magetsi silingakhale lodzipangira lokha, koma lingayambirenso chifukwa cha kusokoneza kwakunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phokoso lopangidwa lokha lizipangika (lomwe limayatsidwa kapena kuyendetsedwa) lizisokonezedwa, motero limasokoneza ma circuits kapena zida zina.

• Njira Zothanirana ndi Phokoso la Mphamvu

Poganizira zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa phokoso la magetsi zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa phokoso la magetsi zitha kusokonezedwa makamaka, zomwe zimathandiza kuletsa kusokonezekako. Mayankho otsatirawa akulangizidwa:

• Chisamaliro chaBokosi Lodutsa M'bowos: Kudutsa m'mabowo kumafunikakutsegula kojambulas pagawo lamagetsi kuti zigwirizane ndi njira yawo. Ngati kutsegula kwa gawo lamagetsi kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, kungakhudze kuzungulira kwa chizindikiro, kukakamiza chizindikirocho kudutsa ndikuwonjezera dera la kuzungulira ndi phokoso. Ngati mizere ina ya chizindikiro yakhazikika pafupi ndi kutsegula ndikugawana kuzungulira uku, kuletsa kofala kungayambitse kuyankhulana.
• Waya Wokwanira Wogwiritsa Ntchito Zingwe: Chizindikiro chilichonse chimafuna kuzungulira kwake kwa chizindikiro, ndipo malo a chizindikiro ndi kuzungulira azikhala ochepa momwe angathere, kuonetsetsa kuti zikugwirizana bwino.
• Kuyika kwa Fyuluta ya Phokoso la Mphamvu: Fyuluta iyi imaletsa phokoso lamkati mwa magetsi, ndikuwonjezera makinaoletsa kusokoneza ndi chitetezo. Imagwira ntchito ngati njira ziwiriFyuluta ya RF, kusefa kusokoneza phokoso komwe kumabwera kuchokera ku chingwe chamagetsi (kuletsa kusokoneza kuchokera ku zipangizo zina) ndi phokoso lopangidwa lokha (popewa kusokoneza ndi zipangizo zina), komanso kusokoneza kwa chizolowezi cha cross-mode.
• Kupatula MphamvuTransformerIzi zimasiyanitsa kuzungulira kwa common-mode ground kwachingwe cha chizindikiro cha loopor cha magetsi, kulekanitsa bwino mphamvu yamagetsi yozungulira yopangidwa ndi ma frequency apamwamba.
• Kulamulira Mphamvu: Kubwezeretsa magetsi oyeretsa bwino kungachepetse kwambiri phokoso la magetsi.
• Kulumikiza mawaya: Mizere yolowera ndi yotulutsa ya magetsi iyenera kusungidwa kutali ndi m'mphepete mwa bolodi la dielectric kuti isapange ma radiation ndikusokoneza ma circuits kapena zida zina.
• Magetsi Osiyana a Analogi ndi a Digito: Zipangizo zamagetsi zomwe zimakhala ndi ma frequency apamwamba nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kumva phokoso la digito, kotero ziwirizi ziyenera kulekanitsidwa ndikulumikizidwa pamodzi pakhomo lamagetsi. Ngati chizindikiro chikufunika kudutsa ma domain a analogi ndi a digito, kuzungulira kumatha kuyikidwa kudutsa chizindikirocho kuti kuchepetse dera la kuzungulira.
• Pewani Kugwirizanitsa Magetsi Osiyana Pakati pa Zigawo Zosiyana: Yesetsani kuwagwedeza kuti phokoso la magetsi lisaphatikizidwe mosavuta kudzera mu mphamvu ya parasitic.
• Tengani Zinthu Zovuta: Zinthu monga ma phase-locked loops (PLLs) zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kumva phokoso la magetsi ndipo ziyenera kusungidwa kutali ndi magetsi.
• Kuyika Chingwe cha Mphamvu: Kuyika chingwe chamagetsi pambali pa chingwe cha chizindikiro, kungachepetse kuzungulira kwa chizindikiro ndikuchepetsa phokoso.
• Kukhazikika kwa Njira Yodutsa: Pofuna kupewa phokoso lomwe limadza chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa magetsi pa bolodi lamagetsi ndi kusokonezeka kwa magetsi akunja, njira yodutsa ikhoza kukhazikika pa njira yolowerera (kupatula kuwala kwa dzuwa), zomwe zimathandiza kuti phokoso lidutse pansi ndikupewa kusokoneza zida zina ndi zida.

Pomaliza:Phokoso la magetsi, kaya lopangidwa mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina kuchokera ku magetsi, limasokoneza dera. Poletsa mphamvu yake pa dera, mfundo yayikulu iyenera kutsatiridwa: kuchepetsa mphamvu ya phokoso la magetsi pa dera komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu ya zinthu zakunja kapena dera pa dera kuti phokoso la magetsi lisawonongeke.