Kufotokozedwa kwa PCIe 5.0 vs PCIe 6.0: Mavuto Ofunika Kwambiri pa Kupanga Ma PCB a AI Data Center
M'ndandanda wazopezekamo
- Chiyambi: Kusinthika kwa PCIe ndi Zofunikira za AI Data Center
- Kodi PCIe 5.0 ndi chiyani?
- Kodi PCIe 6.0 ndi chiyani?
- Chifukwa Chake Malo Osungirako Deta a AI Amafunikira PCIe 5.0 ndi 6.0
- Mavuto a Signal Integrity: PCIe 5.0 vs 6.0
- Kusankha Zinthu ndi Kusankha Njira za PCB Yothamanga Kwambiri
- Momwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito PCIe 6.0 PAM4 Signaling mu PCBs
- Njira Zoyesera ndi Kutsimikizira
- Kafukufuku wa Mlandu wa Mafakitale ndi Chiwonetsero cha Luso
- Mapeto ndi Malangizo
- Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri)
Zofunikira za PCIe Evolution ndi AI Data Center
PCI Express (PCIe) ndi imodzi mwa miyezo yofunika kwambiri yolumikizirana mwachangu kwambiri m'ma seva ndi magulu a GPU.
Kodi PCIe 5.0 ndi chiyani?
PCIe 5.0, yomwe idayambitsidwa mu 2019, idakweza kuchuluka kwa deta kufika pa 32 GT/s, zomwe zidapereka pafupifupi 4 GB/s pa msewu uliwonse ndi mpaka 64 GB/s pa malo onse a x16. Ikugwiritsabe ntchito chizindikiro cha NRZ (Non-Return-to-Zero), kusunga kugwirizana kwa kumbuyo.
Kodi PCIe 6.0 ndi chiyani?
PCIe 6.0, yomwe idatulutsidwa mu 2022, yawonjezera liwiro kufika pa 64 GT/s, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale ndi 128 GB/s yayikulu pamayendedwe a x16. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chapangidwa ndikusintha kupita ku PAM4 (Pulse-Amplitude Modulation yokhala ndi magawo 4) komanso kuphatikiza kwa FEC (Forward Error Correction) kuti muchepetse zolakwika za bit. Kusinthaku kumawonjezera kwambiri kusinthasintha kwa kapangidwe ka PCB, makamaka pa umphumphu wa chizindikiro.
Chifukwa Chake Malo Osungirako Deta a AI Amafunikira PCIe 5.0 ndi 6.0
Maphunziro a AI ndi kutanthauzira kumafuna kulumikizana mwachangu kwambiri pakati pa ma GPU ndi ma CPU. PCIe 5.0 ndi PCIe 6.0 zimapereka bandwidth yomwe malo osungira deta a AI amadalira. Pamene kuchuluka kwa GPU kukuchulukirachulukira, zovuta za PCB zimawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupanga zinthu zapamwamba kukhale kofunikira.
Mavuto a Signal Integrity: PCIe 5.0 vs 6.0
Kutayika kwa Kuyika
Pa PCIe 5.0, kulekerera kutayika kwa ma insertion kuli pafupifupi 28-30 dB, koma PCIe 6.0 imafuna malire okhwima kwambiri, nthawi zambiri pansi pa 20 dB. Kutayika kwa dielectric (Df) kwa zinthu za PCB ndi kutalika kwa trace zimakhudza mwachindunji ngati zizindikiro zikupitirirabe kukhazikika.
Kulankhulana ndi Kuletsa Kusamvana
Ndi PAM4 signaling, amplitude imachepetsedwa pakati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti crosstalk ndi reflections zikhale zovuta kwambiri. Kupanga PCB kuyenera kusunga differential impedance mkati mwa 85 ± 5 Ω, zomwe zimafuna malamulo okhwima a mtunda ndi njira zotetezera.
Mavuto Osiyanasiyana Okhudza Njira ndi Kapangidwe kake
Kutalika kwa ma trace mu PCIe 6.0 kuyenera kuchepetsedwa. Ma trace aliwonse opitilira mainchesi 10 amafunika zinthu zotsika kwambiri kapena kuwonjezera ma retimers kuti asunge umphumphu wa chizindikiro.
Kusankha Zinthu ndi Kusankha Njira za PCB Yothamanga Kwambiri
Zipangizo za FR4 vs Zothamanga Kwambiri/Zachangu Kwambiri
FR4 yachikhalidwe imavutika ndi PCIe 6.0. Zipangizo zapamwamba monga Megtron 6, Tachyon 100G, ndi Isola I-Tera MT40 zimapereka Dr/Df yotsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito PAM4 signaling.
Kuchuluka kwa PCB Plating ndi Kusankha Copper Foil
Kukhuthala kwa mkuwa wambiri kumawonjezera kutayika kwa choyikapo. Kukhuthala kwa PCB yothamanga kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepera 1 oz kapena kopyapyala, ndipo cholembera chosalala cha mkuwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kukhwima kwa pamwamba ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito a chizindikiro.
Momwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito PCIe 6.0 PAM4 Signaling mu PCBs
Kugwiritsa ntchito PAM4 kumafuna kukonza bwino zinthu, njira zoyendetsera zinthu, ndi zolumikizira. Kuyerekezera kwa Eye-Diagram kumatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito, pomwe kuyang'anira mosamala kumachepetsa kusagwirizana.
Njira Zoyesera ndi Kutsimikizira
- Kuyesa kutsatira malamulo kumatsimikizira kuti njira ya PCIe 6.0 ikutsatira malamulo
- Kusanthula kwa Chithunzi cha Maso kumayang'ana kutseguka kwa chizindikiro cha maso
- Kuwerengera kwa TX/RX ndi FEC kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zolakwika za bit
- Kuyesa kwa CEM kumatsimikizira kuti magwiridwe antchito a dongosolo ndi ofanana
Kafukufuku wa Mlandu wa Mafakitale ndi Chiwonetsero cha Luso
Ukadaulo wathu pakupanga ma PCB a AI data center umaphatikizapo:
- Kupanga zinthu zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito ma laminate otsika kwambiri
- Mphamvu zoyendetsera liwiro lalikulu komanso zowongolera impedance
- Kafukufuku wamilandu akuwonetsa kuchepa kwa 40% mu BER ndi kusintha kwa latency kwa 12% mu ma GPU interconnects
Malangizo
PCIe 5.0 ndi PCIe 6.0 akukonzanso kapangidwe ka ma PCB a malo osungira deta a AI. Mainjiniya opanga mapulani ayenera kuika patsogolo zipangizo zothamanga kwambiri, njira yabwino yoyendetsera zinthu, komanso ma simulation olimba. Atsogoleri ogulitsa ayenera kugwirizana ndi opanga ma PCB odziwa bwino mapangidwe othamanga kwambiri.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri)
Q1: Kodi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa PCIe 5.0 ndi PCIe 6.0 ndi kotani?
A1: Liwiro limawonjezeka kuchoka pa 32 GT/s kufika pa 64 GT/s, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito PAM4 ndi FEC.
Q2: Nchifukwa chiyani malo osungira deta a AI ali ndi zofunikira kwambiri popanga ma PCB?
A2: Mulingo wa gulu la GPU ndi waukulu, njira zolumikizirana ndi zazitali, ndipo zovuta zokhudzana ndi umphumphu wa chizindikiro ndi zazikulu.
Q3: Kodi ndi zisankho ziti zomwe zimafala kwambiri pa zipangizo za PCB zothamanga kwambiri?
A3: Megtron 6, Tachyon 100G, I-Tera MT40.
Q4: Kodi mungachepetse bwanji kutayika kwa chizindikiro mu PCIe 6.0?
A4: Sankhani zinthu zomwe sizitaya kwambiri, wongolerani kutalika kwa njira yofufuzira, gwiritsani ntchito zosinthira nthawi.
Q5: Kodi makulidwe a PCB plating othamanga kwambiri amakhudza zizindikiro?
A5: Inde, makulidwe a mkuwa wambiri amawonjezera kutayika. Gwiritsani ntchito mkuwa wosalala wokhala ndi makulidwe oyenera.
Q6: Kodi mungatsimikizire bwanji magwiridwe antchito a PCIe channel mu ma motherboard a AI data center?
A6: Kudzera mu kuyesa kutsatira malamulo, kusanthula kwa Eye-Diagram, ndi kuwerengera kwa FEC.
