Kumaliza kwa PCB pamwamba
| Kumaliza Pamwamba | Mtengo Wamba | Wogulitsa |
| Dipatimenti Yozimitsa Moto Yodzipereka | 0.3~0.55µm, 0.25~0.35µm | Enthone |
| Shikoku Chemical | ||
| GWIRIZANANI | Kapena: 0.03~0.12um, Ni: 2.5~5um | ATO tech/Chuang Zhi |
| ENIG Yosankha | Kapena: 0.03~0.12um, Ni: 2.5~5um | ATO tech/Chuang Zhi |
| ENEKI | Au: 0.05~0.125µm, Pd: 0.05~0.3µm | Chuang Zhi |
| Mu: 3 ~ 10um | ||
| Golide Wolimba | Au : 0.127 ~ 1.5um , Ni : min 2.5um | Wolipira/EEJA |
| Golide Wofewa | Au : 0.127 ~ 0.5um , Ni : min 2.5um | NSOMBA |
| Tin yoviika | Osachepera: 1um | Enthone / ATO tech |
| Siliva Womiza | 0.127~0.45um | Macdermid |
| HASL yopanda lead | 1 ~ 25um | Nihon Superior |
Chifukwa chakuti mkuwa umapezeka mu mawonekedwe a ma oxide mumlengalenga, umakhudza kwambiri kuthekera kwa kusungunula ndi magwiridwe antchito amagetsi a ma PCB. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuchita kumaliza pamwamba pa ma PCB. Ngati pamwamba pa ma PCB sipamalizidwa, zimakhala zosavuta kuyambitsa mavuto a soldering, ndipo pazochitika zazikulu, ma solder pad ndi zigawo zake sizingagulitsidwe. Kumaliza pamwamba pa PCB kumatanthauza njira yopangira wosanjikiza pamwamba pa PCB. Cholinga cha kumaliza kwa PCB ndikuwonetsetsa kuti PCB ili ndi kuthekera kwabwino kwa kusungunula kapena magwiridwe antchito amagetsi. Pali mitundu yambiri ya kumaliza pamwamba pa ma PCB.
Kulinganiza kwa Mpweya Wotentha (HASL)
Ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito solder yachitsulo yosungunuka pamwamba pa PCB, kuipukuta ndi mpweya wotenthedwa ndi kutentha ndikupanga chophimba chomwe sichimakhudzidwa ndi okosijeni wa mkuwa ndipo chimapereka kuthekera kosolder bwino. Panthawiyi, ndikofunikira kudziwa bwino magawo ofunikira awa: kutentha kwa solder, kutentha kwa mpeni wa mpweya wotentha, kuthamanga kwa mpeni wa mpweya wotentha, nthawi yoviika, liwiro lokweza, ndi zina zotero.
Ubwino wa HASL
1. Kusunga nthawi yayitali.
2. Kunyowetsa bwino mapesi ndi kuphimba mkuwa.
3. Mtundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri wopanda lead (wotsatira RoHS).
4. Ukadaulo wokhwima, mtengo wake ndi wotsika.
5. Yoyenera kwambiri kuyang'ana ndi kuwona komanso kuyesa zamagetsi.
Kufooka kwa HASL
1. Sikoyenera kulumikizidwa ndi waya.
2. Chifukwa cha meniscus yachilengedwe ya solder yosungunuka, kusalala kwake ndi kochepa.
3. Sizigwira ntchito pa maswichi ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu.
4. Pa mapanelo owonda kwambiri, HASL singakhale yoyenera. Kutentha kwambiri kwa bafa kungapangitse kuti bolodi lamagetsi lipindike.
2. Dipatimenti Yozimitsa Moto Yodzipereka
OSP ndi chidule cha Organic Solderability Preservative, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti per solder. Mwachidule, OSP ndi yomwe imapopedwa pamwamba pa ma copper solder pads kuti ipereke filimu yoteteza yopangidwa ndi mankhwala achilengedwe. Filimuyi iyenera kukhala ndi zinthu monga kukana okosijeni, kukana kutentha ndi kukana chinyezi kuti iteteze pamwamba pa copper kuti isachite dzimbiri (kukana okosijeni kapena vulcanization, ndi zina zotero) m'malo abwinobwino. Komabe, pakusokedwa kwa kutentha kwambiri, filimu yoteteza iyi iyenera kuchotsedwa mosavuta ndi flux mwachangu, kuti pamwamba pa copper yoyera yomwe yawonekera igwirizane nthawi yomweyo ndi solder yosungunuka kuti ipange cholumikizira champhamvu cha solder munthawi yochepa kwambiri. Mwanjira ina, ntchito ya OSP ndikuchita ngati chotchinga pakati pa copper ndi mpweya.
Ubwino wa OSP
1. Yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo; Kumaliza kwa pamwamba ndi kupopera kokha.
2. Pamwamba pa solder pad ndi yosalala kwambiri, yokhala ndi kusalala kofanana ndi ENIG.
3. Yopanda lead (yogwirizana ndi miyezo ya RoHS) komanso yoteteza chilengedwe.
4. Yogwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Kufooka kwa OSP
1. Kunyowa kosakwanira.
2. Kumveka bwino komanso kopyapyala kwa filimuyi kumatanthauza kuti n'kovuta kuyeza ubwino wake kudzera mu kuyang'ana ndi maso ndikuchita mayeso pa intaneti.
3. Nthawi yochepa yogwiritsira ntchito, zofunika kwambiri posungira ndi kusamalira.
4. Chitetezo chofooka cha mabowo opindika.
Siliva Womiza
Siliva ili ndi mphamvu zokhazikika za mankhwala. PCB yokonzedwa ndi ukadaulo wothira siliva imatha kuperekabe magwiridwe antchito abwino amagetsi ngakhale ikakumana ndi kutentha kwambiri, chinyezi komanso malo oipitsidwa, komanso kusunga kusunthika bwino ngakhale itataya kuwala kwake. Kuthira siliva ndi njira yosinthira pomwe wosanjikiza wa siliva woyera umayikidwa mwachindunji pa mkuwa. Nthawi zina, siliva wothira umaphatikizidwa ndi zokutira za OSP kuti siliva asagwirizane ndi sulfide m'chilengedwe.
Ubwino wa Siliva Wothira Madzi
1. Kutha kusungunuka kwambiri.
2. Malo abwino okhala ndi denga losalala.
3. Mtengo wotsika komanso wopanda lead (yogwirizana ndi miyezo ya RoHS).
4. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Al waya womangirira.
Kufooka kwa Siliva Womizidwa
1. Zofunika kwambiri posungira zinthu komanso zosavuta kuziipitsa.
2. Nthawi yochepa yopangira zinthu mutachotsa mu phukusi.
3. Kuvuta kuchita mayeso amagetsi.
Tin yoviika
Popeza solder yonse imachokera ku tini, tini wosanjikiza ukhoza kufanana ndi solder yamtundu uliwonse. Pambuyo powonjezera zowonjezera zachilengedwe ku yankho lothira tini, kapangidwe ka tini wosanjikiza kamakhala ndi kapangidwe ka granular, kuthana ndi mavuto omwe amayambitsidwa ndi ndevu za tini ndi kusamuka kwa tini, komanso kukhala ndi kukhazikika kwa kutentha komanso kuthekera kothira.
Njira yothira madzi m'madzi imatha kupanga chitini cha mkuwa chathyathyathya pakati pa zinthu zachitsulo kuti chitini chothira madzi chikhale cholimba popanda kusweka kapena kufalikira kwa zinthu zachitsulo.
Ubwino wa Tin Yothira
1. Imagwira ntchito pa mizere yopingasa yopangira.
2. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza waya wabwino komanso kusungunula popanda lead, makamaka pokonza crimping.
3. Kusalala kwake ndi kwabwino kwambiri, kogwiritsidwa ntchito pa SMT.
Kufooka kwa Tin Yothira
1. Kufunika kosungira zinthu zambiri, kungayambitse kusintha mtundu wa zala.
2. Ndevu za zitini zingayambitse mavuto a ma short circuits ndi solder joints, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito ikhale yochepa.
3. Kuvuta kuchita mayeso amagetsi.
4. Njirayi imaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa.
GWIRIZANANI
ENIG (Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold) ndi chophimba chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chomwe chimapangidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri zachitsulo, pomwe nickel imayikidwa mwachindunji pa mkuwa kenako maatomu agolide amaikidwa pa mkuwa kudzera mu kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka displacement. Kukhuthala kwa nickel mkati mwake nthawi zambiri kumakhala 3-6um, ndipo makulidwe a golide kunja kwake nthawi zambiri amakhala 0.05-0.1um. Nickel imapanga chotchinga pakati pa solder ndi mkuwa. Ntchito ya golide ndikuletsa kukhuthala kwa nickel panthawi yosungira, motero kukulitsa nthawi yosungira, koma njira yomiza golide imathanso kupanga malo abwino kwambiri okhala pamwamba.
Kayendedwe ka ENIG ndi: kuyeretsa-->kudula-->chothandizira-->kuyika nickel m'makemikolo-->kuika golide-->kuyeretsa zotsalira
Ubwino wa ENIG
1. Yoyenera kusungunula popanda lead (yogwirizana ndi RoHS).
2. Kusalala bwino kwa pamwamba.
3. Kukhalitsa nthawi yayitali komanso malo olimba.
4. Yoyenera kulumikiza waya wa Al.
Kufooka kwa ENIG
1. Mtengo chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito golide.
2. Njira yovuta, yovuta kuilamulira.
3. Zosavuta kupanga chodabwitsa cha black pad.
Electrolytic Nickel/Golide (golide wolimba/golide wofewa)
Golide wa nickel wamagetsi amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: "golide wolimba" ndi "golide wofewa". Golide wolimba ndi woyera pang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zala zagolide (zolumikizira m'mphepete mwa PCB), zolumikizira za PCB kapena malo ena osawonongeka. Kukhuthala kwa golide kumatha kusiyana malinga ndi zofunikira. Golide wofewa ndi woyera kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza waya.
Ubwino wa Electrolytic Nickel/Gold
1. Kukhalitsa nthawi yayitali.
2. Yoyenera kulumikiza chosinthira ndi waya.
3. Golide wolimba ndi woyenera kuyesa magetsi.
4. Yopanda lead (yotsatira RoHS)
Kufooka kwa Electrolytic Nickel/Golide
1. Kumaliza pamwamba kokwera mtengo kwambiri.
2. Zala zagolide zopaka ma electroplating zimafuna mawaya owonjezera oyendetsera magetsi.
3. Golide wokhala ndi golide ali ndi vuto losatha kusungunula. Chifukwa cha makulidwe a golide, zigawo zokhuthala zimakhala zovuta kusungunula.
ENEKI
Golide Wopanda Ma Electroless Nickel Wopanda Ma Electroless Palladium Immersion Gold kapena ENEPIG akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomaliza PCB surface. Poyerekeza ndi ENIG, ENEPIG imawonjezera palladium yowonjezera pakati pa nickel ndi golide kuti iteteze nickel ku dzimbiri ndikuletsa kupanga ma pad akuda omwe amapangidwa mosavuta mu ENIG surface finish. Kukhuthala kwa nickel ndi pafupifupi 3-6um, makulidwe a palladium ndi pafupifupi 0.1-0.5um ndipo makulidwe a golide ndi 0.02-0.1um. Ngakhale makulidwe a golide ndi ochepa kuposa ENIG, ENEPIG ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri. Komabe, kuchepa kwaposachedwa kwa mitengo ya palladium kwapangitsa kuti mtengo wa ENEPIG ukhale wotsika mtengo.
Ubwino wa ENEPIG
1. Ili ndi ubwino wonse wa ENIG, palibe chodabwitsa cha black pad.
2. Yoyenera kwambiri pa waya kuposa ENIG.
3. Palibe chiopsezo cha dzimbiri.
4. Kusunga nthawi yayitali, yopanda lead (yogwirizana ndi RoHS)
Kufooka kwa ENEPIG
1. Njira yovuta, yovuta kuilamulira.
2. Mtengo wokwera.
3. Ndi njira yatsopano koma sinafike pokhwima.