Ukuhlaziywa Nokunciphisa Umsindo Wokunikezwa Kwamandla Enqubweni Yokuklama i-PCB Enemvamisa Ephakeme

Ku- i-PCB enemvamisa ephezulus, umsindo wokunikezwa kwamandla uvelele njengendlela ebalulekile yokuphazamiseka. Lesi sihloko senza ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwezici kanye nemvelaphi yomsindo wokunikezwa kwamandla kuma-PCB asebenza kakhulu, futhi sinikeza izixazululo ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo ezisekelwe kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zobunjiniyela.

A.Ukuhlaziywa Komsindo Wokunikezwa Kwamandla

Umsindo wokunikezwa kwamandla ubhekisela kumsindo odalwa noma ophazanyiswa ukunikezwa kwamandla ngokwawo. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kubonakala kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

1. Umsindo osabalele obangelwa yi-ukuvimbela okungokwemvelo kokunikezwa kwamandla. Kumasekethe anemvamisa ephezulu, umsindo wokunikezwa kwamandla uthinta kakhulu amasignali anemvamisa ephezulu. Ngakho-ke, isidingo sokuqala umsindo ophansiukunikezwa kwamandla kagesiOkubaluleke ngokulinganayo umhlabathi ohlanzekile kanye nokunikezwa kukagesi.

Esimweni esihle kakhulu, ugesi uzobaakukho impedance, okubangela ukungabi nomsindo. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, ugesi une-impedance ethile, esakazwa kuwo wonke ugesi, okuholela ekufakweni komsindo ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kwenziwe imizamo yokunciphisa i-impedance yogesi. Kungcono ukuba nomshini ozinikele indiza yamandlafuthiindiza yasemhlabeni. Ekwakhiweni kwesekethe yemvamisa ephezulu, ngokuvamile kusebenza kangcono ukuklama ukunikezwa kwamandla ngezendlalelo kunokuba kube ngefomethi yebhasi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iluphu ilandela njalo indlela nge-impedance encane kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhodi lamandla linikezailuphu yesiginalikuzo zonke izimpawu ezikhiqizwe futhi zamukelwe ku-PCB, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa iluphu yesiginali futhi kunciphisa umsindo.

2. Ukuphazamiseka Kwensimu Yemodi Evamile: Lolu hlobo lokuphazamiseka luphathelene nomsindo ophakathi kokunikezwa kwamandla nomhlabathi. Luvela ekuphazamisekeni okubangelwa yiluphu eyakhiwe yisekethe ephazamisekile kanye ne-voltage yemodi evamile ephuma ebusweni bereferensi evamile. Ubukhulu buxhomeke emasimini kagesi namagnetic ahlobene, futhi ukuqina kwawo kuphansi kakhulu.

Kulesi simo, ukwehla kwamandla kagesi (Ic) kuholela ku-voltage yemodi evamile ochungechungeniiluphu yamanje, okuthinta ingxenye yokwamukela. Umainsimu yamagneticKulokhu, i-voltage yemodi evamile ekhiqizwa ku-ground loop yochungechunge inikezwa yifomula:

I-ΔB kufomula (1) imele ushintsho ekujuleni kokungeniswa kwamagnetic, okulinganiswe ku-Wb/m²; U-S umele indawo ku-m².

Ukuze utholeinsimu kagesi, lapho insimu kagesi inani liyaziwa, i-voltage ebangelwayo inikezwa yi-Equation (2), evame ukusebenza uma i-L=150/F noma ngaphansi, kanti i-F imele i-imvamisa yamagagasi kagesiku-MHz. Uma lo mkhawulo udluliwe, ukubalwa kwe-voltage ephezulu ebangelwayo kungenziwa lula kanje:

3. Ukuphazamiseka Kwensimu Yemodi Ehlukile: Lokhu kubhekisela ekuphazanyisweni phakathi kokunikezwa kwamandla kanyeumugqa wamandla wokufaka nokukhiphas. Ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB yangempela, umbhali waphawula ukuthi umnikelo wayo emsindweni wokunikezwa kwamandla mncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ungashiywa lapha.
4. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Interline: Lolu hlobo lokuphazamiseka luphathelene nokuphazamiseka phakathi kwezintambo zikagesi. Uma kukhona i-capacitance ehambisanayo (C) kanye ne-inductance ehambisanayo (M1-2) phakathi kwezifunda ezimbili ezihlukene ezihambisanayo, ukuphazamiseka kuzobonakala kusifunda esiphazanyiswayo uma kukhona i-voltage (VC) kanye ne-current (IC) kusifunda somthombo wokuphazamiseka:
   1. I-voltage ehlanganiswe nge-capacitive impedance inikezwa yi-Equation (4), lapho i-RV imelela khona inani elifanayo le-ukumelana okuseduzekanyeukumelana okude kakhulukweisekethe ephazamisekile.
   2. Ukumelana kochungechunge ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumanisa okungenisa: Uma kunomsindo wemodi evamile emthonjeni wokuphazamiseka, ukuphazamiseka kwe-interline ngokuvamile kuvela kokubili kumodi evamile kanye nemodi yokuhlukanisa.
5. Ukuxhumanisa Izintambo Zikagesi: Lesi simo senzeka lapho ulayini kagesi udlulisela ukuphazamiseka kwamanye amadivayisi ngemva kokubhekana nakhoukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic kusuka ku-AC noma ku-DC umthombo wamandlaLokhu kumelela uhlobo olungaqondile lokuphazamiseka komsindo wokunikezwa kwamandla isekethe enemvamisa ephezulusKubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umsindo wokunikezwa kwamandla kungenzeka ukuthi awuveli ngokwawo, kodwa ungabangelwa nokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle, okuholela ekufakweni komsindo (okhishwa imisebe noma oqhutshwayo) odalwa ngokwawo, ngaleyo ndlela uphazamise ezinye izifunda noma amadivayisi.

• Izindlela Zokulwa Nokuphazamiseka Kokuphakelwa Kwamandla

Uma sibheka izibonakaliso ezahlukahlukene kanye nezimbangela zokuphazamiseka komsindo wokunikezwa kwamandla okuhlaziywe ngenhla, izimo eziholela emsindweni wokunikezwa kwamandla zingaphazanyiswa ngokuqondile, zicindezele ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka. Kunconywa izixazululo ezilandelayo:

• UkunakaIbhodi Elidlula Embobenis: Kudingeka ukudabula imigodiukuvulwa kokuqophas ku-isendlalelo sokunikezwa kwamandla ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nendlela yabo yokudlula. Uma ukuvulwa kwengqimba yamandla kukhulu kakhulu, kungathinta iluphu yesiginali, kuphoqe isiginali ukuthi idlule futhi kwandise indawo yeluphu nomsindo. Uma imigqa ethile yesiginali igxile eduze kokuvulwa futhi yabelana ngaleluphu, ukuvimba okuvamile kungaholela ekuxoxeni okuphambene.
• Intambo Eyanele Yomhlabathi Yezintambo: Isignali ngayinye idinga iluphu yayo yesignali ezinikele, indawo yesignali nendawo yeluphu igcinwa incane ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana okuhambisanayo.
• Ukubekwa Kwesihlungi Somsindo Sokunikezwa Kwamandla: Lesi sihlungi sicindezela ngempumelelo umsindo wangaphakathi wokunikezwa kwamandla, sithuthukise uhleloukulwa nokuphazamiseka kanye nokuphepha. Isebenza njengendlela ekabiliIsihlungi se-RF, ukuhlunga ukuphazamiseka komsindo okulethwe kusuka kulayini kagesi (ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka okuvela kwamanye amadivayisi) kanye nomsindo odalwa ngokwawo (ukugwema ukuphazamiseka kwamanye amadivayisi), kanye nokuphazamiseka kwemodi evamile ye-cross-mode.
• Ukuhlukaniswa KwamandlaI-Transformer: Lokhu kuhlukanisa iluphu yomhlabathi yemodi evamile yeikhebula lesiginali ye-loop yokunikezwa kwamandla, ehlukanisa ngempumelelo i-common-mode loop current ekhiqizwa kumaza aphezulu.
• Ukulawulwa Kwamandla: Ukubuyisela ugesi ohlanzekile kunganciphisa kakhulu umsindo wokunikezwa kwamandla.
• Ukuxhumanisa: Imigqa yokufaka neyokukhipha yomthombo wamandla kufanele igcinwe kude nomkhawulo webhodi le-dielectric ukuze kugwenywe ukukhiqiza imisebe nokuphazamisa ezinye izifunda noma imishini.
• Izinsiza Zamandla Ezihlukile Ze-Analog Nezedijithali: Amadivayisi anemvamisa ephezulu ngokuvamile azwela kakhulu emsindweni wedijithali, ngakho-ke amabili kufanele ahlukaniswe futhi axhunywe ndawonye emnyango wokunikezwa kwamandla. Uma isignali idinga ukuwela zombili izizinda ze-analog nezedijithali, iluphu ingafakwa ngaphesheya kwesignali ukuze kuncishiswe indawo yeluphu.
• Gwema Ukuhlanganisa Amandla Kagesi Ahlukene Phakathi Kwezendlalelo Ezihlukene: Zama ukuwahlanganisa ukuze uvimbele umsindo wokunikezwa kwamandla ukuthi ungahlanganiswa kalula ngokusebenzisa amandla e-parasitic.
• Hlukanisa Izingxenye Ezibucayi: Izingxenye ezifana nama-phase-locked loops (ama-PLL) zizwela kakhulu umsindo wokunikezwa kwamandla futhi kufanele zigcinwe kude ngangokunokwenzeka nokunikezwa kwamandla.
• Ukubekwa Kwentambo Kagesi: Ukubeka umugqa wamandla eceleni komugqa wesignali, kunganciphisa iluphu yesignali futhi kufinyelele ekunciphiseni umsindo.
• Ukubeka Umhlaba Endleleni Edlulayo: Ukuze kuvinjelwe umsindo oqongelelekile obangelwa ukuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kwamandla ebhodini lesifunda kanye nokuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kwamandla kwangaphandle, indlela edlulayo ingasekelwa endleleni yokuphazamiseka (ngaphandle kwemisebe), okuvumela umsindo ukuthi udlule phansi futhi kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka kwamanye amadivayisi nemishini.

Ekuphetheni:Umsindo wokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhiqizwa ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile kusuka ekunikezelweni kwamandla kagesi, uphazamisa isekethe. Lapho kucindezela ithonya lawo kusekethe, kufanele kulandelwe isimiso esijwayelekile: ukunciphisa umthelela womsindo wokunikezwa kwamandla kusekethe ngenkathi kunciphisa nethonya lezinto zangaphandle noma isekethe ekunikezelweni kwamandla kagesi ukuvimbela ukonakala komsindo wokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi.