Injira mu buryo bwimbitse mu gishushanyo mbonera cya RF PCB: Kuva ku by'ibanze kugeza ku dushya twinshi

Nk'ikipe y'abanyamwuga ishingiye cyane ku gushushanya PCB, Ibyishimo Byuzuye Bikungahayeyiyemeje gutanga ikoranabuhanga n'ibisubizo byo ku rwego rwo hejuru ku nganda. Muri iyi nkuru, turatanga isesengura ryimbitse rya Igishushanyo cya RF PCB, gusangiza ubunararibonye bwacu bwinshi n'ubumenyi ku bijyanye n'ubuhanga buhanitse bw'abahanga mu bya PCB.

1. Gusobanukirwa imiterere ya RF Circuit n'intego z'igishushanyo

(1) Ibiranga urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi (RF Circuit)

Imiyoboro ya RF ikora ahantu hakoresha frequency nyinshi, bigatuma imiterere yayo yo kohereza ibimenyetso irushaho kuba ingorabahizi kurusha imiyoboro isanzwe. Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kwigana nka IBIRUNGObigorana gusesengura neza imiyoboro ya RF bitewe n'ibintu nka uburebure bw'umurambararo bugufi, ingaruka z'umurongo wo kohereza, ubwiyongere, kurekura, no guhuza.

Imbere Porogaramu ya EDA, nka ADS (Sisitemu yo Gushushanya Iteye Imbere) na HFSS (Simeteroli y'Ubwubatsi Bukomeye), koresha algorithms zihambaye nka uburyo bwo kuringaniza ibintu hamwe n'uburyo bwo gupimakwigana imiyoboro ya RF mu buryo bunonosoye cyane. Mbere yo gukoresha ibi bikoresho, gusobanukirwa imiterere y'ingenzi ya miyoboro ya RF ni ngombwa.

Urugero:

●Ingaruka z'uruhu:Ku murongo wo hejuru, umuriro ukunda gutembera ku buso bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, bikongera ubukana bw'amashanyarazi kandi bikagira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'ihererekanya ry'amajwi.

●Impedansi y'umurongo wo kohereza:Ibi biterwa n'ingaruka zabyo inshuro z'ibimenyetso, uburebure bw'ibice, n'ibikoresho bya dielectric, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku kugaragara kw'ibimenyetso no ku mikorere myiza yo kohereza.

(2) Intego zo gushushanya PCB za RF

1. Intego zo gushushanya ibyuma bitanga amakuru

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imashini zitwara ubutumwa kigomba kuringaniza imikorere myiza y'ingufu n'ubuziranenge bw'ibimenyetso:

●Kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazimu gihe kugenzura ko ingufu zihagije zo kohereza ari ingenzi cyane, cyane cyane kuri ibikoresho bifatwa mu ntoki n'itumanaho rya satelite.

●Umuyoboro w'itumanaho ugomba kutavangahamwe n'imiyoboro yegeranye. Imashini zitera imbaraga zigomba kugenzurwa neza kugira ngo imbaraga zo gusohora no guhuzakugira ngo hirindwe ko ibimenyetso bihindagurika n'uburyo bwo kubangamira inzira zegereye.

2. Intego zo gushushanya ikigo cy’abakira

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'umukiriya kigomba kugera ku ntego eshatu z'ingenzi:

●Ububasha bworoshye bwo kwiyumvamo:Uwakira agomba kugarura neza ibimenyetso byinjiye bidakomeye, akenshi bingana n'aho 1µVKugenzura urusaku ni ingenzi cyane, bisaba amplifiers zifite urusaku ruke (LNAs) hamwe n'imiterere myiza y'urujya n'uruza.

● Kwanga kwivanga neza:Akayunguruzo n'uburyo bwo kunoza uruziga bikoreshwa mu gukuraho ibimenyetso biva mu murongo w'amashanyarazi mu bidukikije bigoye.

●Ingufu nke zikoreshwa:Ibi ni ingenzi kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa muri rusange mu gukoresha neza ingufu muri sisitemu za RF.

2. Ibintu by'ingenzi mu gishushanyo cya RF PCB

(1) Guhitamo ibikoresho

Guhitamo igikwiye ibikoresho by'ubutakani ingenzi kuri Urugendo rwa RFImikorere. Ibipimo by'ingenzi birimo:

1. Dielectric Constant (Dk):

●Ingaruka impedance n'umuvuduko wo gukwirakwiza ibimenyetso.

●Ituze ni ingenzi cyane—impinduka nto za Drk zishobora gutuma habaho kutumvikana kwa impedance, bigatera kugaragara no kugabanya ibimenyetso.

●Urugero: Rogers RO4350Bitanga imikorere ihamye kandi ihoraho, bigatuma iba nziza kuri Sitasiyo za 5G n'itumanaho rya satelite.

2. Ikintu gituma umuntu asesagura (Df):

●Igena kubura ingufumu gihe cyo kohereza ibimenyetso.

●Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa “Low-Df”(urugero, Ibikoresho bishingiye kuri PTFE) bigabanya igihombo cy'amajwi, bikongera imikorere myiza muri porogaramu za mikoroonde.

3. Ingano y'ubushyuhe (CTE):

●Ingaruka ubuziranenge bw'ibipimomu bushyuhe butandukanye.

●Ingano za CTE zidahuye zishobora gutera imiyoboro y'ingingo z'umushongi n'intege nke z'uruzigamuri porogaramu nka ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byo mu kirere n'imodoka.

(2) Kugenzura Ingufu

Guhuza impedance ni ingenzi mu miterere ya RF PCB. Impedance zisanzwe zo kohereza zirimo 50Ω na 75Ω, hamwe n'ubworoherane bukomeye bwa ± 5% cyangwa ndetse ± 3%.

Kugenzura impedansi neza bisaba kubara witonze ibi bikurikira:

●Ubugari n'intera yo gutandukanya umurongo

●Ubunini bwa dielectric

●Ubugari bw'urupapuro rw'umuringa

Dukurikije IPC-2251, imiterere y'ingenzi yo kohereza RF irimo imirongo mito y'imirongo, umurongo wa stripline, n'amabwiriza y'imirongo ya coplanarUrugero, formula ya impedance y'umurongo wa microstripni:

Z0=87εr+1.41ln⁡(5.98h0.8w+t)Z_0 = \frac{87}{\sqrt{\varepsilon_r + 1.41}} \ln\ibumoso(\frac{5.98h}{0.8w + t}\iburyo)Z0=εr​+1.41​87​ln(0.8w+t5.98h​)

Aho HAMWE₀ni impedance iranga, εrni igikoresho gihoraho cya dielectric, hni ubugari bw'ubutaka, Murini ubugari bw'inyuguti, kandi tni ubunini bw'umuringa.

(3) Igishushanyo mbonera cy'uburyo amashanyarazi ahura n'ibintu bitandukanye (EMC)

1. Kugenzura uburyo amashanyarazi abangamira imikorere y'amashanyarazi (EMI)

Isoko rusange rya EMI muri RF PCB ririmo:

●Ibice bikora

●Ibimenyetso by'umuvuduko mwinshi

●Sisitemu z'amashanyarazi

Ingamba zifatika zo kugabanya ingaruka mbi ku mikorere y'umubiri:

●Gutunganya Imiterere y'Uruziga:Gutandukana imiyoboro ifite ingufu nyinshi n'ifite ingufu nkekugira ngo bigabanye ukwivanga kw'ibikorwa.

●Ubuhanga bwo Gutera Ingufu:Koresha gusya ahantu henshi, ahantu hamwe, cyangwa ahantu havanzegutanga inzira zo kugaruka ku nzitizi nke.

●Ubuhanga bwo Gukingira:Gushyira mu bikorwa ibizingiro by'icyumakugira ngo habeho gukumira imyuka ihumanya ikirere ikoresheje amashanyarazi.

2. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'uburyo amashanyarazi ashobora guhindagurika (EMS)

Kongera EMS bituma imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi idakomeza kubangamira ibikorwa byo hanze:

●Gabanya agace k'urukiramende rw'ibimenyetsokugira ngo ugabanye urusaku ruterwa n'ibintu.

● Shyira ibice by'urufunguzo mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro(capacitors, inductors) kugira ngo bahagarike ibimenyetso bidakenewe.

● Koresha capacitors zo gukuraho uduce dutoku mapine y'amashanyarazi kugira ngo habeho gutuza itangwa ry'amashanyarazi no kuyungurura urusaku rw'amajwi menshi.

3. Uburyo bwo gushushanya PCB ya RF n'imikorere myiza

(1) Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibishushanyo

Ifite imiterere myiza igishushanyo mbonerani ryo shingiro ry'igishushanyo mbonera cya RF PCB.

●Guhitamo ibice:Hitamo ibice ukurikije kwiyongera, urusaku, n'inshuro zo guhagarara.

●Gucunga ibipimo bya parasitike:Tekereza uburyo ubushobozi n'imikorere y'udukoko twa parasitebigira ingaruka ku mikorere y’inshuro nyinshi.

●Imiterere isobanutse kandi isobanutse:Tegura ibice byabyo urujya n'uruza rw'amajwi no gukemura ibibazo mu buryo bunoze.

(2) Igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB

1. Amahame rusange y'imiterere

●Tegura modules z'imikorere zegeranyekugira ngo bigabanye igihombo cy'ikimenyetso.

●Kurikira umurongo w'urujya n'uruza rw'ibimenyetso, gushyira ibintu mu mwanya ibyiciro byo guhindura, kongera imbaraga, no kuyungurura mu buryo bwumvikana.

●Menya neza gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bihagijeku bice bifite ingufu nyinshi hakoreshejwe ibigega by'ubushyuhe cyangwa ibikoresho by'icyuma.

2. Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyira ibice

●Gushyira hamwe hakurikijwe imikorere:Komeza Amplifiers za RF, capacitors, na inductorshamwe kugira ngo byoroshye inzira.

●Gabanya ukwivanga:Gutandukana ibice bifite ingufu nyinshi n'ibifite ingufu nke.

●Kunoza uburyo bwo gusiga hasi:Koresha indege zikomeye zo ku butakakugabanya urusaku n'impinduka.

Igishushanyo mbonera cya RF PCB ni icyitegererezo gifite impande nyinshibisaba kugenzura neza ibikoresho, impedance, EMC, n'imiterereMu gukurikiza uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha uburyo bugezweho ibikoresho byo kwigana, injeniyeri zishobora gukora PCB za RF zifite imikorere yo hejuru zihuye n'ibyo zisabwa 5G, itumanaho rya satelite, hamwe n'uburyo bwo gukoresha interineti ikoresha interineti nyinshi.

Ndashaka ibisubizo bya RF PCB by'inzobere? Ibyishimo Byuzuye Bikungahayeari hano kugufasha. Twandikire uyu munsi!