PCB yihuta cyane ni iki?
PCB ifite umurongo wo kohereza ibimenyetso uri hejuru ya 1GHz twita ikibaho cy’itumanaho cyacapwe ku muvuduko wo hejuru.
Ni izihe nyungu zo gukoresha PCB zihuta cyane?
Kugira ngo kunoze umurongo w’ibimenyetso no gukemura ikibazo cya EMI cy’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, hakozwe PCB zihuta cyane. Nyuma y’uko igishushanyo cya PCB yihuta cyane kimaze kugira icyo gitwara, uruhare rwayo muri EMI rurushaho kuba ingenzi. Hafi 60% by’ibibazo bya EMI bishobora gukemurwa na PCB zihuta cyane.
Ni ibihe bikoresho bikoreshwa muri PCB zihuta cyane?
Ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe, gukomera kwa mekanike, kandi byiza (kwizerwa)
Ibikoresho bifite ibipimo bya Dk /Df bihamye (igipimo gito cy'impinduka hamwe n'inshuro n'ibidukikije)
Ibikoresho bifite uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura impedance
Ibikoresho bifite ubuso buke bw'icyuma gikozwe mu muringa
Guhitamo igitambaro cy'ikirahure gifite utwenge duto duto turangaye ni byiza.
Ni izihe nama ngomba gutekerezaho mu gihe cyo gushushanya PCB yihuta cyane?
Inama nyinshi ku bijyanye no gushushanya PCB yihuta cyane zirasobanurwa hano hasi.
1) Koresha porogaramu yo gushushanya ifite amahitamo agezweho
Abahanga mu bya tekiniki bagomba kumenya porogaramu y’igishushanyo mbonera ishobora gutanga amahitamo agezweho. Ibikoresho bya porogaramu bisaba ibintu byinshi bigezweho kugira ngo ubashe gushushanya PCB zihuta cyane muri porogaramu ya CAD. Ugomba gusobanukirwa neza ibikoresho bikomeye bya CAD.
2) Uburyo bwo kunyuramo umuvuduko mwinshi
Ku bijyanye no gukoresha inzira yihuta cyane, abashushanya bagomba gusobanukirwa amategeko y'ibanze yo gukoresha inzira, harimo kudaca ibice by'ubutaka no gutuma inzira iba ngufi. Bityo rero, nyamuneka wirinde kuvugana ku ntera runaka ku mirongo ya digitale kandi ukingire ibintu byose bishobora gutera ikibazo mu buryo butuma ikimenyetso kidakora neza.
3) Uburyo bwo kunyuramo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kugenzura impedance
Ku bimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bifite hagati ya 40-120 ohms, bikenera guhuza impedance. Uburyo impedance ikoreshwa igaragazwa na antene na differential pairs nyinshi.
Abashushanya bagomba gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo kubara ubugari bw'inzira n'uburyo bukenewe bwo gushyira hamwe agaciro ka impedance. Iyo agaciro ka impedance katari gakwiye, bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku kimenyetso, bishobora gutuma amakuru yangirika.
4) Imirongo ijyanye n'uburebure
Hari imirongo myinshi muri bisi ya memory yihuta cyane na bisi ya interface. Iyi mirongo ishobora gukora ku murongo wo hejuru cyane, bityo ikimenyetso kigomba koherezwa icyarimwe kuva ku muntu wohereje kugeza ku muntu wakira. Byongeye kandi, bisaba ikintu cyitwa guhuza uburebure. Kubwibyo, amahame asanzwe agena agaciro k'ubworoherane gagomba guhuzwa n'uburebure.
5) Gabanya agace k'uruziga rw'ubu rugaruka
Abashushanya PCB bihuta cyane bagomba gukurikiza amategeko y'ibanze, nko gushushanya urwego rw'ubutaka ruhoraho no kugabanya ubuso bw'uruziga rw'amashanyarazi binyuze mu kunoza inzira y'amashanyarazi yo kugarura amashanyarazi, ndetse no gushyiraho inzira nyinshi zidodwa.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo gukora PCB zihuta cyane?
Ubuhanga bwo gushushanya PCB yihuta cyane buramenyerewe, ibyo bikaba byemeza ko ibimenyetso bihamye.
Ibikoresho bya PCB zihuta cyane bitoranywa neza kugira ngo byemezwe ko ubutumwa bw'ikimenyetso bukora neza.
Igenzura ry'umusaruro rirakorwa. Ingingo z'ingenzi zo kugenzura mu gihe cyo gukora ni ubugari bw'imiyoboro, intera iri hagati y'ibice, imiyoboro itwikiriwe n'umuringa, ubugari bw'imiyoboro y'umuringa, ubunini bw'imiyoboro y'icyuma, n'ibindi.
Ni ikihe giciro cyo gutunga PCB zihuta cyane?
Ibintu bikurikira bizagira ingaruka ku giciro cya PCB zihuta cyane.
Ibikoresho (ibikoresho bya substrate, ubunini bwa substrate, ubunini bw'umuringa)
Ibikoresho byo mu nganda byakoreshejwe
Ingorane zo gukora
Ibisabwa n'umukiriya
Uburyo bwo gupakira bwatoranyijwe
Uburyo bwo gutanga serivisi bwatoranyijwe
Nigute washushanya PCB yihuta cyane?
Igishushanyo cya PCB cyihuta cyane ni inzira igoye cyane isaba gusuzuma byimazeyo ibimenyetso, impedance, imiyoboro yo kohereza, n'ibindi bintu byinshi bya tekiniki. Ingingo zikurikira za tekiniki zishobora gutanga urugero.
Koresha ibyiciro byinshi kugira ngo ukoreshe inzira ikwiye.
Uko umurongo uri hagati y’udupira tw’ibikoresho bikoresha amashanyarazi yihuta cyane, ni ko birushaho kuba byiza.
Shyiraho imiyoboro y'ubutaka ku mirongo y'ibimenyetso by'ingenzi cyane cyangwa ibice byo mu gace utuyemo.
Umurongo w'ibimenyetso bifite frequency nyinshi ushyirwa ku buso bw'ubutaka ushobora gutanga imirasire minini ya electromagnetic. Umurongo w'ibimenyetso bifite frequency nyinshi ugomba gushyirwa hagati y'urwego rw'ingufu n'urwego rw'ubutaka. Imirasire ikorwa izaba mike cyane bitewe n'uko imiraba ya electromagnetic yinjizwa n'urwego rw'ingufu n'urwego rwo hasi.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya PCB yihuta cyane na PCB isanzwe?
Ku bijyanye na PCB isanzwe, abantu bahangayikishijwe cyane cyane n’imikorere y’uruziga rugufi, ubushyuhe, n’ibindi bibazo by’insinga z’icyuma. Ariko, bitewe no gushaka imikorere myiza y’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, inshuro zo kohereza ibimenyetso zigomba kongerwa kandi abantu bahangayikishijwe cyane n’imiterere y’ubuziranenge bw’ibimenyetso bya PCB yihuta cyane.
Ese hari ibyo umuntu yakwitaho byihariye mu gihe cyo gucunga PCB zihuta cyane?
Ibigomba kwitabwaho byihariye ni imiterere n'umusaruro wa PCB wihuta cyane mu gihe cyo gucunga PCB zihuta cyane.
Uburebure bw'inzira y'itandukaniro bugomba guhuzwa.
Uburyo bwo kunyuramo ntibugomba kwambuka indege z'ubutaka zidatunganyije.
Ntugashyire ahantu ho gupima ku mirongo iyo ari yo yose y'ibimenyetso by'umuvuduko mwinshi.
Ntugashyire imirongo y'ibimenyetso yihuta cyane hafi cyangwa munsi ya kristu, oscillators, amashanyarazi ahindagurika, imyobo yo gushyiramo, ibikoresho bya rukuruzi, cyangwa utubumbe tw'ibimenyetso duto.
Gerageza gushyira imirongo y'ibimenyetso byihuse ku bice byo hejuru n'ibyo hasi ukoresheje urwego rwuzuye rw'ubutaka. Ntibyemewe gushyira imirongo ku gice cy'imbere.
Intera iri hagati y'ikimenyetso cy'umuvuduko mwinshi n'inkombe y'urwego rw'ubutaka rw'ibanze igomba kurenza mil 90.
Witondere uburyo insinga z'umugozi n'iz'umuyoboro zikoreshwa.
Ubugari bwa Coppe trace, umwanya, n'imiterere ya layup bigomba kugenzurwa neza kugira ngo bihuze n'agaciro ka impedance gakomeye.
Ibipimo bya TDR impedance bikunze kuba ngombwa iyo PCB zihuta cyane zirangiye.
Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bukwiye bugomba gutoranywa kugira ngo buhuze n'imirimo wifuza.
Hakenewe ubuso burambuye kuri PCB zihuta cyane, kandi buri gihe tugira inama ENIG yo gutunganya ubuso bwa ENEPIG.
Ni ikihe gipimo ntarengwa cyo kohereza amakuru gishobora kugerwaho kuri PCB yihuta cyane?
Igipimo ntarengwa cyo kohereza amakuru gishobora kugerwaho kuri PCB yihuta cyane ni 10.0GPs (Gigabits kuri segonda) kugeza ubu, ariko ibi birimo gutera imbere mu buryo buhoraho.
Ese hari ibikoresho cyangwa inzira zidasanzwe zikenewe mu gushushanya PCB yihuta cyane?
Hari ibikoresho bikenewe byo gushushanya PCB n'ibikoresho byo kwigana EDA bikoreshwa mu gushushanya PCB yihuta cyane nka Cadence, Mentor, PADS, Altium, HyperLynx, HFSS, ADS, nibindi.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko igikoresho kimwe cya porogaramu gishobora kuba gikwiriye umushinga umwe wa PCB, mu gihe ikindi gikoresho cya porogaramu gishobora gukoreshwa neza no mu bundi bwoko bw'imishinga. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane gushaka igikoresho gikwiye cya porogaramu ya PCB.
Ni ibihe bisobanuro by'ibanze n'abatanga ibikoresho bya PCB byihuta cyane?
Ibikoresho byihuse bishobora kuba ibikoresho bya FR4, ceramic, PTFE cyangwa PTFE bikomejwe bifite 1 Ghz kugeza 100 Ghz. Hari abatanga ibikoresho bya PCB bigezweho nka: Rogers, ISOLA, Ventec, ITEQ, TUC, SHENGYI, Panasonic, Taconic, nibindi.
Ni ayahe makosa akunze kugaragara mu guhitamo ibikoresho bya PCB kuri sisitemu za radar?
Amakosa akunze kugaragara mu guhitamo ibikoresho bya PCB kuri sisitemu za radar arimo kwishingikiriza gusa ku bikoresho bimwe (urugero, gukoresha FR-4 mu gukoresha inshuro nyinshi), kwirengagiza ibikenewe mu gucunga ubushyuhe, no kwirengagiza uburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho bigezweho.