Iyini i-PCB Esheshayo?
Sibiza i-PCB enomvamisa wokudlulisa isignali ngaphezu kwe-1GHz ngokuthi ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe ngesivinini esikhulu.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ama-PCB asheshayo?
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe imvamisa yesignali nokuxazulula inkinga ye-EMI yemikhiqizo kagesi, kwakhiqizwa ama-PCB asheshayo. Ngemva kokuba umklamo we-PCB eshesha kakhulu uthole impumelelo enkulu, umnikelo wayo ku-EMI ubaluleka kakhulu. Cishe u-60% wezinkinga ze-EMI zingaxazululwa ngama-PCB asheshayo.
Yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswa kuma-PCB asheshayo?
Izinto ezimelana nokushisa, ukuqina komshini, kanye nokuthembeka okuhle (ukuthembeka)
Izinto ezinamazinga azinzile e-Dk/Df (i-coefficient encane yokwehluka ngemvamisa nendawo ezungezile)
Izinto ezilawulwa kahle yi-impedance
Izinto ezinobulukhuni obuphansi bomphezulu we-foil yethusi
Kunconywa ukukhetha indwangu yefayibha yengilazi enezikhala ezincane ezisicaba.
Yimaphi amathiphu okufanele ngiwacabangele lapho ngiklama i-PCB enesivinini esikhulu?
Amathiphu amaningana okuklama i-PCB esheshayo achaziwe ngezansi.
1) Sebenzisa isofthiwe yokuklama enezinketho ezithuthukisiwe
Onjiniyela badinga ukwazi isofthiwe yokuklama enganikeza izinketho ezithuthukisiwe. Amathuluzi esofthiwe adinga izici eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze akwazi ukuklama ama-PCB asheshayo kusofthiwe ye-CAD. Udinga ukuqonda kangcono amathuluzi e-CAD anamandla.
2) Umzila wejubane eliphezulu
Uma kukhulunywa ngomzila wejubane eliphezulu, abaklami kudingeka baqonde imithetho yomzila oyisisekelo, okuhlanganisa ukunganqumi izendlalelo zomhlabathi nokugcina umzila ufushane. Ngakho-ke, sicela uvimbele ukuxoxa ngebanga elithile emigqeni yedijithali futhi uvikele zonke izinto ezingadala ukuphazamiseka kobuqotho besiginali.
3) Umzila ngokulawula ukuvinjelwa
Kwezinye izimpawu ezingaba ngu-40-120 ohms, zidinga ukufaniswa kwe-impedance. Ukufana kwe-impedance okuphawulekayo kwembulwa yi-antenna kanye nama-differential pairs amaningi.
Abaklami kudingeka baqonde ukuthi bangabala kanjani ububanzi bomzila kanye nokuhlanganiswa okudingekayo kwenani le-impedance. Uma inani le-impedance lingalungile, lingaba nomthelela omkhulu esiginalini, okungaholela ekonakaleni kwedatha.
4) Imikhondo ehambisana nobude
Kunemigqa eminingi ebhasini lememori elisheshayo kanye nebhasi lesixhumi esibonakalayo. Le migqa ingasebenza ngamaza aphezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke isignali kufanele idluliselwe ngesikhathi esisodwa kusuka kumthumeli iye kumamukeli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idinga isici esibizwa ngokuthi ukufanisa ubude. Ngakho-ke, amazinga avame kakhulu achaza amanani okubekezelelana okudingeka afaniswe nobude.
5) Nciphisa indawo yesekethe yokubuya yamanje
Abaklami be-PCB abanesivinini esikhulu badinga ukulandela imithetho eyisisekelo, njengokuklama ungqimba lomhlabathi oluqhubekayo nokunciphisa indawo yesekethe yokubuya yamanje ngokwenza ngcono indlela yokubuya yamanje yendlela yomzila, kanye nokubeka ama-via amaningi athungiwe.
Yiziphi ezinye izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokukhiqiza ama-PCB asheshayo?
Amakhono okuklama i-PCB esheshayo ayafundiswa, okuqinisekisa ubuqotho besiginali.
Izinto zokwakha ama-PCB asheshayo zikhethwa kahle ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokudluliselwa kwesignali.
Ukulawulwa kokukhiqiza kuyenziwa. Amaphuzu okulawula ayinhloko ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ububanzi bezifunda, isikhala sezingqimba, ama-via afakwe ithusi, ubukhulu bezifunda bethusi, ubukhulu bemaski ye-solder, njll.
Iyini izindleko zobunikazi uma kukhulunywa ngama-PCB asheshayo?
Izici ezilandelayo zizothinta izindleko zama-PCB asheshayo.
Izinto (izinto ezisetshenziswa ngaphansi komhlaba, ubukhulu be-substrate, ubukhulu bethusi)
Imishini yokukhiqiza esetshenzisiwe
Ubunzima bokukhiqiza
Izidingo zekhasimende
Indlela yokupakisha ekhethiwe
Indlela yokulethwa ekhethiwe
Ungaklama Kanjani i-PCB Esheshayo?
Umklamo we-PCB osheshayo uyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukucatshangelwa okugcwele kwezimpawu, ukuvinjelwa, imigqa yokudlulisela, nezinye izinto eziningi zobuchwepheshe. Amaphuzu obuchwepheshe alandelayo anganikeza izinkomba ezithile.
Sebenzisa izingqimba eziningi ukuze uqondise ngendlela efanele.
Uma umugqa umfushane phakathi kwezikhonkwane zamadivayisi wesekethe esisheshayo, kungcono.
Faka izindawo ezizungezile zomhlabathi zemigqa yesignali ebaluleke kakhulu noma amayunithi endawo.
Umugqa wesignali onamaza amaningi obekwe phezu kwengqimba engaphezulu uvame ukukhiqiza imisebe emikhulu kagesi. Umugqa wesignali onamaza amaningi kufanele ubekwe phakathi kwengqimba yamandla kanye nengqimba yomhlabathi. Imisebe ekhiqizwayo izoba ncane kakhulu ngenxa yokumuncwa kwamagagasi kagesi yingqimba yamandla kanye nengqimba engezansi.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-PCB enesivinini esikhulu ne-PCB ejwayelekile?
Ku-PCB ejwayelekile, abantu bakhathazeka kakhulu nge-short circuit, i-insulation, kanye nezinye izinkinga zentambo yensimbi. Kodwa-ke, ngokuphishekela ukusebenza okuphezulu kwemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, imvamisa yokudlulisa isignali idinga ukukhuliswa futhi abantu bakhathazeka kakhulu ngomklamo wobuqotho besignali we-PCB yesivinini esikhulu.
Ingabe kukhona okubalulekile okufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kuphathwa ama-PCB asheshayo?
Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele zisekuklanyweni nasekukhiqizweni kwe-PCB esheshayo lapho kuphathwa ama-PCB asheshayo.
Ubude bomzila wokuhlukanisa kufanele buhambisane.
Umzila akufanele uwele izindiza zomhlaba ezingaphelele.
Ungabeki amaphuzu okuhlola kunoma yimiphi imigqa yesignali yesivinini esikhulu ehlukile.
Ungadlulisi imigqa yesignali yesivinini esikhulu eduze noma ngaphansi kwamakristalu, ama-oscillator, izinsiza zamandla okushintsha, izimbobo zokufaka, amadivayisi kazibuthe, noma ama-chip wesignali avamile.
Zama ukuqondisa imigqa yesignali yesivinini esiphezulu ezingqimbeni eziphezulu naphansi ngengqimba yomhlabathi egcwele ireferensi. Akukhuthazwa ukuqondisa imigqa endizeni yangaphakathi.
Gcina ibanga ukusuka esignalini yesivinini esikhulu kuya emaphethelweni engqimba yomhlabathi ebhekiselwe kuyo lingaphezu kwama-90mil.
Naka ukuphathwa kwe-socket kanye ne-connector wiring.
Ububanzi be-Coppe trace, isikhala, kanye nesakhiwo se-layup kumele kulawulwe ngokunembile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nenani le-tight impedance.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-TDR impedance kuvame ukudingeka uma ama-PCB anesivinini esikhulu eseqediwe.
Izinhlobo zezinto ezifanele kufanele zikhethwe ukuze zihlangabezane nemisebenzi efiselekayo.
Kudingeka ukuqeda indawo eyisicaba kuma-PCB asheshayo, futhi sihlala sicebisa i-ENIG ngokwelashwa kwendawo ye-ENEPIG.
Yiliphi izinga eliphezulu lokudluliswa kwedatha elingafinyelelwa ku-PCB enesivinini esikhulu?
Izinga lokudluliswa kwedatha eliphakeme kakhulu elitholakala kwi-PCB enesivinini esikhulu lingu-10.0GPs (Gigabits ngomzuzwana) kakhulu, kodwa lokhu kuyathuthuka ngokuqhubekayo.
Ingabe kukhona amathuluzi noma izinqubo ezikhethekile ezidingekayo lapho kuklanywa i-PCB enesivinini esikhulu?
Kukhona amathuluzi esofthiwe yokuklama i-PCB adingekayo kanye namathuluzi okulingisa i-EDA asetshenziswa lapho kuklanywa i-PCB enesivinini esikhulu njenge-Cadence, Mentor, PADS, Altium, HyperLynx, HFSS, ADS, njll.
Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela ukuthi ithuluzi elilodwa lesofthiwe lingafanelekela iphrojekthi eyodwa ye-PCB, kanti elinye ithuluzi lesofthiwe lingasetshenziswa kangcono kwezinye izinhlobo zamaphrojekthi. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ithuluzi lesofthiwe lokuklama i-PCB elifanele.
Yiziphi izincazelo eziyisisekelo kanye nabaphakeli bezinto ze-PCB ezisheshayo?
Izinto zesivinini esiphezulu zingaba yizinto eziqiniswe nge-FR4, i-ceramic, i-PTFE noma i-PTFE ezine-1 Ghz kuya ku-100 Ghz. Kunabahlinzeki bezinto ze-PCB abadumile abaningana abanjengoRogers, ISOLA, Ventec, ITEQ, TUC, SHENGYI, Panasonic, Taconic, njll.
Yimaphi amaphutha avamile ekukhetheni izinto ze-PCB zezinhlelo ze-radar?
Amaphutha avamile ekukhetheni izinto ze-PCB zezinhlelo ze-radar afaka phakathi ukuthembela kuphela ezintweni ezilodwa (isb., ukusebenzisa i-FR-4 ekusetshenzisweni kwemvamisa ephezulu), ukunganaki izidingo zokuphathwa kokushisa, kanye nokunganaki ubunzima bokukhiqiza izinto ezithuthukisiwe.