Yintoni i-PCB ekhawulezayo?
Sibiza i-PCB enomlinganiselo wokudluliselwa kwesignali ongaphezulu kwe-1GHz ngokuthi yibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo ngesantya esiphezulu.
Ziziphi iingenelo zokusebenzisa ii-PCB ezikhawulezayo?
Ukuphucula i-frequency yesignali nokusombulula ingxaki ye-EMI yeemveliso ze-elektroniki, kwenziwa ii-PCB ezikhawulezayo. Emva kokuba uyilo lwe-PCB ekhawulezayo luphumelele kakhulu, igalelo layo kwi-EMI liya libaluleka ngakumbi. Phantse ama-60% eengxaki ze-EMI zinokusonjululwa zii-PCB ezikhawulezayo.
Zeziphi izinto ezisetyenziswa kwii-PCB ezikhawulezayo?
Izixhobo ezinokumelana nobushushu, ukuqina koomatshini, kunye nokuthembeka (ukuthembeka)
Izixhobo ezineeparameter zeDk/Df ezizinzileyo (i-coefficient encinci yokwahluka kunye nokuphindaphinda kunye nokusingqongileyo)
Izixhobo ezinolawulo olufanelekileyo lwe-impedance
Izixhobo ezinoburhabaxa obuphantsi bomphezulu wefoyile yobhedu
Kucetyiswa ukukhetha ilaphu leglasi elineembobo ezincinci ezithe tyaba.
Ngawaphi amacebiso endifanele ndiwaqwalasele xa ndiyila i-PCB ekhawulezayo?
Iingcebiso ezininzi malunga nokuyila i-PCB ekhawulezayo zichazwe ngezantsi.
1) Sebenzisa isoftware yoyilo eneendlela eziphambili
Iinjineli kufuneka ziyazi isoftware yoyilo enokubonelela ngeendlela eziphambili. Izixhobo zesoftware zifuna iimpawu ezininzi ezintsonkothileyo ukuze zikwazi ukuyila ii-PCB ezikhawulezayo kwisoftware yeCAD. Kufuneka ube nokuqonda okungcono kwezixhobo zeCAD ezinamandla.
2) Indlela yokuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu
Xa kufikwa kwi-routing ekhawulezayo, abayili kufuneka baqonde imithetho ye-routing esisiseko, kuquka ukunganqumli iileya zomhlaba kunye nokugcina i-routing imfutshane. Ke ngoko, nceda uthintele ukuthetha ngokunqamlezayo kumgama othile kwimigca yedijithali kwaye ukhusele zonke izinto ezinokubangela ukuphazamiseka kokuthembeka kwesignali.
3) Indlela yokuhambisa nge-impedance control
Kwiimpawu ezithile ezimalunga ne-40-120 ohms, zifuna ukuhambelana kwe-impedance. Ukuhambelana kwe-impedance okuphawulekayo kubonakaliswa zii-antenna kunye nee-differential pairs ezininzi.
Abayili kufuneka baqonde indlela yokubala ububanzi bendlela yokuhambisa kunye nokufakwa kwexabiso le-impedance elifunekayo. Ukuba ixabiso le-impedance alichanekanga, linokuba nefuthe elibi kwisignali, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekonakaleni kwedatha.
4) Imigca ehambelana nobude
Kukho imigca emininzi kwibhasi yememori ekhawulezayo kunye nebhasi yojongano. Le migca inokusebenza kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu kakhulu, ngoko ke isignali kufuneka idluliselwe ngaxeshanye ukusuka kumthumeli ukuya kumamkeli. Ukongeza, ifuna uphawu olubizwa ngokuba yi-length matching. Ke ngoko, imigangatho eqhelekileyo ichaza amaxabiso okunyamezelana ekufuneka ahambelane nobude.
5) Nciphisa indawo yesekethe yokubuya yangoku
Abayili be-PCB abakhawulezayo kufuneka balandele imithetho esisiseko, efana nokuyila umaleko womhlaba oqhubekayo kunye nokunciphisa indawo yesekethe yokubuya kwangoku ngokuphucula indlela yokubuya yangoku yendlela yokuhambisa, kunye nokubeka ii-vias ezininzi ezithungiweyo.
Ziziphi ezinye zeendlela ezilungileyo zokwenza ii-PCB ezikhawulezayo?
Izakhono zoyilo lwe-PCB ezikhawulezayo ziyafundiswa, nto leyo eqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesignali.
Izixhobo ze-PCB ezikhawulezayo zikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kothumelo lwesignali.
Ulawulo lwemveliso luyenziwa. Amanqaku olawulo aphambili ngexesha lemveliso bububanzi beesekethe, isithuba somaleko, ii-vias ezifakwe ubhedu, ubukhulu besekethe yobhedu, ubukhulu bemaski yesolder, njl.njl.
Ixabisa malini ubunini xa kufikwa kwii-PCB ezikhawulezayo?
Ezi zinto zilandelayo ziya kuchaphazela ixabiso lee-PCB ezikhawulezayo.
Izinto (izinto ezisetyenziswa kwisiseko sendawo, ubukhulu besiseko sendawo, ubukhulu bekopolo)
Izixhobo zokuvelisa ezisetyenzisiweyo
Ubunzima bokuvelisa
Iimfuno zomthengi
Indlela ekhethiweyo yokupakisha
Indlela ekhethiweyo yokuhambisa
Ungayila njani i-PCB ekhawulezayo?
Uyilo lwe-PCB olukhawulezayo yinkqubo enzima kakhulu efuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo kwemiqondiso, ukuthintelwa, imigca yokudlulisela, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi zobugcisa. La manqaku obuchwephesha alandelayo anokubonelela ngereferensi ethile.
Sebenzisa iileya ezininzi ukuze wenze i-routing ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Okukhona i-lead imfutshane phakathi kweepini zezixhobo zesekethe ezikhawulezayo, kokukhona ingcono.
Sebenzisa izinto ezijikeleze umhlaba kwiindlela ezibalulekileyo zemiqondiso okanye iiyunithi zasekuhlaleni.
Umgca wesignali onamaza aphezulu obekwe phezu komaleko womphezulu uthambekele ekuveliseni imitha ye-electromagnetic enkulu. Umgca wesignali onamaza aphezulu kufuneka ubekwe phakathi komaleko wamandla kunye nomaleko womhlaba. Imitha eveliswayo iya kuba ncinci kakhulu ngenxa yokufunxwa kwamaza e-electromagnetic ngumaleko wamandla kunye nomaleko osezantsi.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwePCB ekhawulezayo kunye nePCB eqhelekileyo?
Kwi-PCB eqhelekileyo, abantu baxhalabile kakhulu nge-short circuit, i-insulation, kunye neminye imiba yentambo yesinyithi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokufuna ukusebenza okuphezulu kweemveliso ze-elektroniki, i-frequency yokudluliselwa kwesignali kufuneka inyuswe kwaye abantu baxhalabile ngakumbi malunga noyilo lokuthembeka kwesignali ye-PCB ekhawulezayo.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na izinto ezikhethekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kusetyenzwa ii-PCB ezikhawulezayo?
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kuyilo kunye nemveliso ye-PCB ekhawulezayo xa kusetyenziswa ii-PCB ezikhawulezayo.
Ubude bendlela yokwahlulahlula kufuneka buhambelane.
Indlela yokuhamba ayifanele inqumle iiplani zomhlaba ezingaphelelanga.
Musa ukubeka amanqaku ovavanyo kuyo nayiphi na imigca yesignali yesantya esiphezulu eyahlukileyo.
Musa ukuhambisa imigca yesignali yesantya esiphezulu kufutshane okanye ngaphantsi kweekristale, ii-oscillators, izixhobo zombane ezitshintshayo, imingxunya yokufakela, izixhobo zemagnethi, okanye iitships zesignali zexesha.
Zama ukuhambisa imigca yesignali ekhawulezayo ephezulu kumaleko aphezulu nasezantsi ngentlabathi epheleleyo ebhekisele kuyo. Akukhuthazwa ukuhambisa imigca kwiplani yangaphakathi.
Gcina umgama ukusuka kwisignali yesantya esiphezulu ukuya kumda womaleko womhlaba obhekisayo ungaphezulu kwe-90mil.
Nika ingqalelo kwindlela ephathwa ngayo i-socket kunye neentambo ze-connector.
Ububanzi be-Coppe trace, indawo, kunye nesakhiwo se-layup kufuneka zilawulwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuze zihlangabezane nexabiso le-tight impedance.
Uvavanyo lwe-TDR impedance ludla ngokufuneka xa ii-PCB ezikhawulezayo zigqityiwe.
Iindidi zezinto ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zikhethwe ukuze zihlangabezane nemisebenzi efunekayo.
Kufuneka umphezulu othe tyaba kwii-PCB ezikhawulezayo, kwaye sisoloko sicebisa i-ENIG ngonyango lomphezulu we-ENEPIG.
Lithini izinga eliphezulu lokudluliselwa kwedatha elinokufikelelwa kwi-PCB ekhawulezayo?
Izinga eliphezulu lokudluliselwa kwedatha elinokufikelelwa kwi-PCB ekhawulezayo yi-10.0GPs (iiGigabits ngomzuzwana) kude kube ngoku, kodwa oku kuyaphucuka ngokuqhubekayo.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na izixhobo okanye iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo ezifunekayo xa kuyilwa i-PCB ekhawulezayo?
Kukho izixhobo zesoftware zoyilo lwe-PCB ezifunekayo kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa ze-EDA ezisetyenziswa xa kuyilwa i-PCB ekhawulezayo efana neCadence, Mentor, PADS, Altium, HyperLynx, HFSS, ADS, njl.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba isixhobo sesoftware esinye sinokufanelekela iprojekthi ye-PCB enye, ngelixa esinye isixhobo sesoftware singasetyenziswa ngcono kwezinye iintlobo zeeprojekthi. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana isixhobo sesoftware soyilo lwe-PCB esifanelekileyo.
Zithini iinkcukacha ezisisiseko kunye nababoneleli bezinto zePCB ezikhawulezayo?
Izinto ezikhawulezayo zingaba zizinto eziqinisiweyo ze-FR4, ze-ceramic, ze-PTFE okanye ze-PTFE ezine-1 Ghz ukuya kwi-100 Ghz. Kukho abathengisi abaninzi abadumileyo bezixhobo ze-PCB ezikhawulezayo ezifana nezi: Rogers, ISOLA, Ventec, ITEQ, TUC, SHENGYI, Panasonic, Taconic, njl.
Ziziphi iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ekukhetheni izixhobo ze-PCB kwiinkqubo zerada?
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ekukhetheni izinto ze-PCB kwiinkqubo zerada ziquka ukuthembela kuphela kwisixhobo esinye (umz., ukusebenzisa i-FR-4 kwizicelo ezisebenzisa i-frequency ephezulu), ukungahoyi iimfuno zolawulo lobushushu, kunye nokungahoyi ubunzima bokwenza izinto eziphambili.