Kev tsim cov IC

Kev sau software dav dav tsom mus rau cov ntawv thov ntawm cov khoos phis tawj operating systems, siv cov lus theem siab, thiab khiav ntawm cov processors dav dav. IC programming ncaj qha cuam tshuam nrog cov chips kho vajtse, yuav tsum tau xav txog cov yam ntxwv kho vajtse xws li registers thiab cov txheej txheem sib txuas lus, feem ntau siv cov lus sib dhos lossis cov lus tshwj xeeb rau chip, thiab khaws cov txiaj ntsig rau hauv lub cim xeeb tsis hloov pauv ntawm chip.

Cov hom siv ntau suav nrog microcontrollers (MCUs), microprocessors (MPUs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), flash memory chips, thiab digital signal processors (DSPs).

Nws muab cov ICs nrog cov kev xav tshwj xeeb txog kev coj cwj pwm. Piv txwv li, lub Bluetooth chip yog programmed los teeb tsa hom kev ua haujlwm thiab cov kev sib txuas lus rau kev sib txuas ntawm lub cuab yeej thiab kev xa cov ntaub ntawv. Yog tsis muaj kev programming, IC tsuas yog khoom siv kho vajtse "semi-finished product".

Rau cov ICs uas muaj cov zis tawm, saib seb cov teeb liab puas phim cov kev cia siab ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm lub voj voog (piv txwv li, lub LED ntsais ntsais raws li tau teeb tsa). Rau cov ICs nco, nyeem cov ntaub ntawv nrog tus programmer lossis xyuas cov cim qhia xwm txheej ntawm lub chip.

Kev Zoo Sib Xws: Ob leeg siv cov kev sib txuas lus sib txuas lus los hloov cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lub cim xeeb chip.

Qhov Txawv: MCUs sau code rau Flash ntawm JTAG/SWD interfaces; FPGAs thauj cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa rau hauv cov lus nug saib (LUTs) kom rov teeb tsa cov khoom siv kho vajtse, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau khaws cia rau hauv lub flash sab nraud thiab thauj khoom ntawm SPI.

Nws suav nrog kev xaiv cov khoom siv kho vajtse / software, txuas cov khoom siv rau IC, teeb tsa cov kev teeb tsa ntawm cov chip, thauj cov ntaub ntawv programming (.hex / .bin, thiab lwm yam), ua tiav kev programming, thiab ua qhov kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev sim ua haujlwm.

"Burn-in" yog ib lo lus siv rau kev sau IC programming, uas yog hais txog kev sau code mus tas li rau hauv lub cim xeeb tsis hloov pauv (piv txwv li, MCU's Flash). Lo lus no tau pib los ntawm kev ua haujlwm "burning" thaum muaj hluav taws xob siab thiab tseem siv niaj hnub no.

Lub cim xeeb uas khaws cov ntaub ntawv thaum fais fab tua. Cov hom kev sau IC feem ntau suav nrog Flash (khaws cov lej/cov ntaub ntawv) thiab EEPROM (khaws cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa), piv rau lub cim xeeb uas hloov pauv tau (piv txwv li, RAM).

Cov software uas muab tso rau hauv cov khoom siv kho vajtse, khaws cia rau hauv IC non-volatile memory, tswj cov haujlwm yooj yim thiab muab cov interfaces rau cov software txheej sab saud, xws li router firmware tswj kev sib txuas network.

Qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv cov programming interfaces (piv txwv li, ST's JTAG/SWD vs. Microchip's ICD), cov cuab yeej (piv txwv li, ST-Link vs. MPLAB X), register configurations, thiab kev txhawb nqa lus programming.

Yuav tsum muaj lub zog fais fab ruaj khov, cov kev ntsuas tiv thaiv static (piv txwv li, cov hlua khi dab teg/chav ua haujlwm), cov khoom siv programming sib phim (cov interfaces txhim khu kev qha), thiab cov chaw teev tshwj xeeb rau cov chips ceev ceev.

Muab cov chaw tsim kho ua ke (IDEs), hlawv software, thiab cov tsav tsheb, ua kom yooj yim rau kev sau cov programming los ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv / cov qauv tsim kho kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sau cov lej, kev debugging, thiab kev xa cov ntaub ntawv.

Tus nqi uas suav los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv programming los xyuas kom meej tias cov ntaub ntawv sib xws ua ntej thiab tom qab hlawv. Qhov sib phim qhia tias programming raug; qhov sib tsis sib xws yuav ua rau muaj teeb liab xa tsis raug lossis muaj teeb meem ntawm lub chip.

Lub kaw lus saib xyuas qhov kub thiab txias ntse: Ib lub MCU sau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov ntsuas kub, tswj cov kiv cua / cua sov raws li qhov txwv, nrog rau kev sau cov ntawv qhia kom ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv, kev tswj hwm logic, thiab kev sib txuas lus.

Kev tsim lub voj voog muab lub hauv paus kho vajtse (lub zog muab hluav taws xob / interfaces / peripherals) rau kev sau cov ntawv, thaum kev sau cov ntawv tswj ICs kom ua tiav cov haujlwm ntawm lub voj voog. Kev xaiv interface cuam tshuam rau cov lej sau cov ntawv, thiab cov kev cai sau cov ntawv yuav ua rau kev xa cov ntawv zoo dua.

Feem ntau tom qab PCB soldering thiab kev kuaj hluav taws xob (piv txwv li, AOI / ICT), kom tsis txhob muaj kev ua tsis tiav ntawm kev sau cov programming lossis rov ua haujlwm vim muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv.

Siv cov algorithms los encrypt cov ntaub ntawv programming kom tiv thaiv kev nyeem/luam theej tsis raug cai (kev tiv thaiv IP) thiab kev tawm tsam phem (piv txwv li, daim npav IC nyiaj txiag kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev lag luam).

Qee cov MCUs ua rau muaj kev encryption los ntawm kev teeb tsa cov register bits thiab sau cov key verification. Cov chips nrog hardware encryption (piv txwv li, AES) tuaj yeem siv cov built-in functions los encrypt cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej sau ntawv.

Tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb kiag li (muaj kev phom sij rau kev tawm tsam lub cev), tab sis kev siv encryption kom raug nrog kev ntsuas kev ruaj ntseg (piv txwv li, tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam / kev ruaj ntseg khau raj) ua tau raws li feem ntau cov kev xav tau ntawm daim ntawv thov.

Yuav tsum muaj cov ntawv qhia txog cov chip, cov ntaub ntawv programming (.hex/.bin), cov duab qhia txog kho vajtse, thiab cov phau ntawv qhia rau programmer.

Tsim los ntawm kev sau cov lej hauv cov chaw tsim kho (piv txwv li, Keil/IAR), lossis los ntawm kev rub tawm thiab sau cov tsev qiv ntawv / cov lej qhib-qhov chaw thib peb.

.hex suav nrog chaw nyob / checksum, nyeem tau, rau MCUs; .bin yog raw binary, me dua, rau cov xwm txheej txwv tsis pub khaws cia. Nyiam .hex rau kev sib raug zoo / nyeem tau; siv .bin rau qhov me me.

Teeb tsa cov cuab yeej programming rau ib daim ntawv qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv, piv txwv li, MCU lub moos zaus (teeb tsa cov coefficients faib/multiplication), lub sijhawm nyeem/sau lub cim xeeb, thiab lwm yam, nrog rau kev txheeb xyuas tes.

Xyuas kom meej tias qhov sib phim ntawm qhov interface (piv txwv li, JTAG pins), qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tus pin kom raug, kev sib txuas ruaj ntseg, thiab siv cov xov hlau ribbon rau ntau tus pin ICs kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cuag tsis zoo.

Xaiv tus qauv chip → thauj cov ntaub ntawv → teeb tsa cov kev cai (rho tawm hom / ceev / kev txheeb xyuas) → txuas kho vajtse → ua tiav kev sau programming → xyuas cov cav / kev nce qib.

Kev rho tawm yuav tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv seem ntawm lub cim xeeb kom tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov program tshiab. Xaiv hom rho tawm (puv/sector) hauv software.

Cov software programming qhia txog kev nce qib ntawm cov kab thiab cov cav (kev sib txuas/rho tawm/sau ntawv), nrog rau cov lej yuam kev (piv txwv li, lub sijhawm tas/ua tsis tiav) rau cov teeb meem.

Yuav kom paub tseeb tias cov ntaub ntawv sau tau raug. Nyeem cov ntaub ntawv chip thiab piv rau cov ntaub ntawv qub (checksum/byte-by-byte). Qhov sib phim qhia tau tias ua tiav; txwv tsis pub, daws teeb meem.

Kev sib txuas kho vajtse xoob, cov ntaub ntawv puas tsuaj, cov teeb meem ntawm cov chip, cov teeb meem parameter, cov yuam sij encryption tsis sib xws, thiab lwm yam.

Tshawb xyuas cov kev sib txuas, tsim cov ntaub ntawv dua tshiab, hloov cov chips, lossis rov pib dua software/hardware thiab sim dua.

Siv cov programmer ntau txoj kev (piv txwv li, 1-rau-8), ua kom zoo dua cov parameters (tso tseg qhov kev txheeb xyuas tsis tsim nyog), ua kom siv tau cov khoom siv/kab sib dhos, thiab siv cov kev tiv thaiv qhov yuam kev (sib phim cov ntaub ntawv/qauv tsis siv neeg).

Siv cov ntaub ntawv zoo ib yam, cov chaw teeb tsa sib xws, kev kho qhov channel tsis tu ncua, kev txheeb xyuas / kev sim thawj zaug, thiab kev kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua.

Siv cov tshuab hlawv ntau txoj kab nrog cov kab sib dhos, cov caj npab robotic rau kev thauj mus los PCBA, cov khoom siv tsis siv neeg rau kev sib txuas interface, thiab MES systems los sau cov ntaub ntawv hlawv (lub sijhawm / version / cov txiaj ntsig, thiab lwm yam).

Tsim cov voj voog kuaj kom raug, ua qauv qhia qhov chaw tiag tiag, tso cov cim qhia tus qauv, siv cov oscilloscopes/logic analyzers rau kev ntes cov zis, thiab ua cov kev sim ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub siab/qis.

Kev ua yuam kev ntawm kev sau cov program (logic/parameters), kev sib txuas tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv kho vajtse/khoom puas tsuaj, teeb meem zoo ntawm IC, kev ua yuam kev ntawm cov khoom siv kuaj.

Nyeem cov ntawv qhia kom nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem, teeb tsa cov kev teeb tsa (piv txwv li, voltage) kom zoo, paub meej tias cov kev sib txuas interface raug, thiab siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv qhov yuam kev (piv txwv li, cov lus qhia kom paub meej).

Kawm cov ntaub ntawv (interfaces/protocols/registers), nruab cov cuab yeej/tsav tsheb programming tshiab tshaj plaws ntawm tus muag khoom, thiab teeb tsa cov kev teeb tsa pib rau ib qho qauv siv.

Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov code thaum lub sijhawm sau ua ke, siv cov kev kuaj xyuas ua ntej/tom qab kev sau programming (checksum/CRC), xyuas kom muaj kev sib txuas lus ruaj khov (kev ntsuas tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam), thiab siv qhov chaw cia khoom ntxiv rau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb.

Siv cov cuab yeej tswj cov version (piv txwv li, Git) rau cov code, muab cov lej version tso rau hauv cov headers ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab sau cov version ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm MES rau PCBA. Pab nrhiav cov teeb meem, hloov kho software, thiab kev saib xyuas.

Kev tsis sib haum ntawm tus programmer, cov ntaub ntawv yuam kev, kev sib txuas tsis zoo, qhov voltage tsis zoo, kev puas tsuaj ntawm chip, software qub lawm.

Xyuas kom meej tias qhov kev pab cuam ua tiav → ntsuas qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub zog → xyuas cov cim pin tseem ceeb → tshuaj xyuas cov kev sib txuas ntawm lub voj voog sab nraud → piv qhov sib txawv ntawm software nrog PCBA ua haujlwm.

Xyuas kom meej cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev sib txuas ruaj khov, rov sim rho tawm / sau cov ntawv. Kev ua tsis tiav ntau zaus yuav qhia tau tias muaj lub chip puas lawm uas yuav tsum tau hloov pauv

Cov haujlwm muaj xws li xaiv tus qauv IC, kev tswj cov ntaub ntawv programming, kev teeb tsa parameter (rho tawm/program/txheeb xyuas), kev saib xyuas kev nce qib, kev ceeb toom yuam kev, thiab kev tswj hwm tus neeg tsav tsheb programmer.

Feem ntau cov software txhawb nqa kev hloov tshiab online (los ntawm Settings/Help menu), lossis manually import cov ntaub ntawv tsev qiv ntawv tshiab tshaj plaws uas rub tawm los ntawm lub vev xaib ntawm tus tsim khoom.

Xyuas seb puas muaj kev sib txuas (qhov chaw nres nkoj USB/cable), rov nruab cov tsav tsheb, xyuas kom lub zog qhib; tiv tauj lub chaw tsim khoom yog tias cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm.

Feem ntau cov software programmer tshwj xeeb tsis yog universal. Qee cov programmers universal txhawb cov cuab yeej sab nraud (nyob ntawm tus qauv IC thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem).

Xyuas kom muaj ib puag ncig ruaj ntseg kom tiv thaiv kev xau, paub tseeb tias qhov chaw teeb tsa encryption phim qhov tsim, thiab npaj txhij rau kev ntaus cov yuam sij/daim ntawv pov thawj yog tias xav tau.

Tej zaum yuav ua rau kev tsim kho tsis ruaj khov thiab cov khoom qub. Qhov kub pom zoo: 0-40 ℃.

Siv cov qhov (sockets) tshwj xeeb rau BGA lossis cov interfaces hauv-circuit programming (piv txwv li, debug ports) uas tseg cia rau ntawm PCBA.

Siv cov khoom siv probe uas muaj qhov tseeb siab, FPC adapters, lossis xyuas kom meej tias qhov soldering zoo kom txo tau qhov sib txuas txias.

ISP (In-System Programming) cov kev pab cuam ICs ntawm kev sib txuas lus interfaces tom qab PCBA sib dhos; ICP (In-Circuit Programming) hais txog kev hloov kho tshiab thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub system.

Siv cov programmer ntau qhov chaw ua haujlwm loj, koom ua ke rau hauv cov kab ntau lawm tsis siv neeg, lossis siv cov haujlwm software batch.

Txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv, siv cov programmers ceev ceev, cov txheej txheem programming sib luag, thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm yooj yim dua.

Tswj cov ntaub ntawv versions, calibrate cov khoom siv tsis tu ncua, kuaj xyuas cov qauv ICs programmed, thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev taug qab.

Cov qauv dav dav suav nrog JEDEC cov lus qhia rau cov chips nco; cov chaw tsim khoom kuj muaj lawv tus kheej cov lus qhia kev sau ntawv.

Cov ICs uas rho tawm tau (piv txwv li, Flash) txhawb nqa ntau txoj haujlwm tab sis muaj lub neej txwv; OTP ICs tsis tuaj yeem rho tawm.

Nyob ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm khaws cia, qhov ceev ntawm tus programmer, thiab hom kev programming (piv txwv li, full-chip/sector erase).

Tam sim no/voltage tsis zoo li qub, luv luv Circuit sab hauv, tsis muaj cua sov tawm, lossis lub sijhawm programming ntev.

Ntxuav nrog cov neeg sawv cev tshwj xeeb, cov pins tin-plate, lossis siv cov khoom siv programming nrog kev sib cuag nruj.

Tshawb xyuas cov xov hlau, cov txheej txheem kev sib txuas lus, kev ruaj khov ntawm lub zog, lossis hloov cov interfaces / drivers.

Siv cov kev sib txuas lus programming uas tau tseg cia (piv txwv li, JTAG/SWD), cov xov hlau ya, lossis cov programmers hauv-circuit.

Cov hom ntawv feem ntau: HEX (cov ntawv sau tau), BIN (binary ntshiab), ELF (embedded systems).

Sau ua ke nrog cov cuab yeej zoo li GCC rau cov ntaub ntawv khoom, txuas rau hauv cov executables, tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau HEX / BIN ntawm cov cuab yeej programming.

Tej zaum yuav ua rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis tiav lossis IC puas tsuaj; yuav tsum tau rov rho tawm thiab rov ua dua.

Ua cov kev ntsuam xyuas kev ua haujlwm (cov xwm txheej simulated), kev ntsuam xyuas hluav taws xob (voltage / current), thiab saib xyuas nrog cov cuab yeej debug.

Tej zaum yuav muaj qhov sib txawv me me hauv lub sijhawm programming/voltage margin vim yog cov txheej txheem hloov pauv, feem ntau nyob hauv qhov kam rau siab.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv kho vajtse, cov txheej txheem kev sau ntawv, lub peev xwm cia IC, hom kev sau ntawv, thiab kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm software algorithm.

Siv lub zog ruaj khov (piv txwv li, UPS), thaub qab cov ntaub ntawv, zam kev cuam tshuam, thiab saib xyuas cov khoom siv tsis tu ncua.

Txheeb xyuas qhov teeb meem, xyuas cov chaw teeb tsa parameter, piv rau cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm, thiab tiv tauj cov chaw tsim khoom yog tias xav tau.

Siv hom kev sau programming uas siv hluav taws xob tsawg, txo qhov kev tsav pin, thiab tua lub zog tam sim ntawd tom qab kev sau programming.

Faib cov ntaub ntawv rau kev sau ua ke, siv cov kev pab cuam ntws, ua kom zoo / nias cov ntaub ntawv, lossis siv cov kev pab cuam segmented.

Yuav tsum tau kho kom raug thaum tus nqi ua tsis tiav ntawm kev sau cov ntaub ntawv nce ntxiv, lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntau heev, lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo nce ntxiv.

Fais fab ntau dhau, luv luv Circuit/kev sib cuag tsis zoo, IC puas, lossis electrostatic discharge.

Teem cov chaw nyob rau ib daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv, rho tawm/program/txheeb xyuas txhua thaj chaw sib cais, lossis siv ntau thaj chaw programming functions.

Cov kev pab cuam IC uas tsis tau encrypted yuav raug decompiled; cov ICs encrypted siv cov yuam sij / obfuscation los tiv thaiv qhov no, txawm hais tias tsis yog qhov ua tsis tau zoo kiag li.

Muab cov programmers koom ua ke rau hauv ATE systems, tswj kev programming los ntawm cov scripts, thiab sim ua haujlwm/kev ua tau zoo yam tsis tas siv neeg.

Paub meej tias cov qauv nkag yog lawm, xyuas daim ntawv teev cov neeg pab txhawb nqa programmer, thiab tiv tauj cov chaw tsim khoom kom tau txais kev hloov tshiab