I-PCIe 5.0 vs PCIe 6.0 Ichazwe: Izinselele Eziyinhloko Zokukhiqiza i-AI Data Center PCB
Okuqukethwe
- Isingeniso: Izidingo ze-PCIe Evolution kanye ne-AI Data Center
- Iyini i-PCIe 5.0
- Iyini i-PCIe 6.0
- Kungani Izikhungo Zedatha ze-AI Zidinga i-PCIe 5.0 kanye ne-6.0
- Izinselele Zobuqotho Besignali: I-PCIe 5.0 vs 6.0
- Izinto ze-PCB Ezisheshayo Nokukhethwa Kwenqubo
- Indlela Yokusebenzisa I-PCIe 6.0 PAM4 Signaling kuma-PCB
- Izindlela Zokuhlola Nokuqinisekisa
- Ucwaningo Lwezimo Zemboni kanye Nombukiso Wamakhono
- Isiphetho kanye Nezincomo
- Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
Izidingo ze-PCIe Evolution kanye ne-AI Data Center
I-PCI Express (PCIe) ingenye yezindinganiso ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuxhumanisa ngesivinini esikhulu kumaseva kanye namaqoqo e-GPU.
Iyini i-PCIe 5.0
I-PCIe 5.0, eyethulwa ngo-2019, inyuse amazinga edatha afinyelela ku-32 GT/s, ihlinzeka cishe ngo-4 GB/s ngomzila ngamunye kanye no-64 GB/s wesikhala esigcwele se-x16. Isasebenzisa isignali ye-NRZ (Non-Return-to-Zero), igcina ukuhambisana okungemuva.
Iyini i-PCIe 6.0
I-PCIe 6.0, eyakhishwa ngo-2022, iphinda kabili ijubane libe yi-64 GT/s, inikeza i-128 GB/s enkulu yemizila ye-x16. Ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko ukushintshela ku-PAM4 (Pulse-Amplitude Modulation enamazinga angu-4) kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-FEC (Forward Error Correction) ukuze kuncishiswe amaphutha e-bit. Lokhu kushintsha kwandisa kakhulu ubunzima bomklamo we-PCB, ikakhulukazi ubuqotho besiginali.
Kungani Izikhungo Zedatha ze-AI Zidinga i-PCIe 5.0 kanye ne-6.0
Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-AI kanye nokucabanga kudinga ukuxhumana okusheshayo kakhulu phakathi kwama-GPU nama-CPU. I-PCIe 5.0 kanye ne-PCIe 6.0 ziletha umkhawulokudonsa oncike kuwo izikhungo zedatha ye-AI. Njengoba ukuminyana kwe-GPU kwanda, izinselele zobuqotho besiginali ye-PCB ziyanda, okwenza ukukhiqizwa okuthuthukisiwe kube yinto ebalulekile.
Izinselele Zobuqotho Besignali: I-PCIe 5.0 vs 6.0
Ukulahlekelwa Kokufakwa
Ku-PCIe 5.0, ukubekezelela ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa kungama-28-30 dB, kodwa i-PCIe 6.0 idinga imikhawulo eqinile kakhulu, ngokuvamile ingaphansi kwama-20 dB. Ukulahleka kwe-dielectric (Df) kwezinto ze-PCB kanye nobude bokulandelela kuthinta ngqo ukuthi amasignali ahlala eqinile.
Ukulawula Ukukhuluma Okuphambene Nokungaphenduki
Ngokubonisana kwe-PAM4, ubukhulu buncishiswa phakathi, okwenza i-crosstalk kanye nokuzindla kube yinkinga kakhulu. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-PCB kumele kugcine i-differential impedance ngaphakathi kwama-85 ± 5 Ω, okudinga imithetho eqinile yesikhala kanye namasu okuvikela.
Izinselele Zokuhlela Nokuhlela Okuhlukile
Ubude be-trace ku-PCIe 6.0 kumele buncishiswe. Noma yimuphi umkhondo omude kunama-intshi angu-10 udinga izinto zokulahlekelwa kakhulu noma ukungezwa kwama-retimers ukuze kulondolozwe ubuqotho besiginali.
Izinto ze-PCB Ezisheshayo Nokukhethwa Kwenqubo
Izinto ze-FR4 vs Izinto Ezivame Kakhulu/Ezisheshayo
I-FR4 evamile inenkinga nge-PCIe 6.0. Izinto ezithuthukisiwe ezifana ne-Megtron 6, i-Tachyon 100G, kanye ne-Isola I-Tera MT40 zinikeza i-Dk/Df ephansi, okwenza zifanelekele ukusayinwa kwe-PAM4.
Ubukhulu be-PCB Plating obusheshayo kanye nokukhethwa kwe-Copper Foil
Ubukhulu bethusi obuningi bukhulisa ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa. Ubukhulu be-PCB plating obusheshayo buvame ukuba yi-1 oz noma buncane, kanye ne-foil yethusi ebushelelezi esetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukujiya kwendawo nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesignali.
Indlela Yokusebenzisa I-PCIe 6.0 PAM4 Signaling kuma-PCB
Ukusebenzisa i-PAM4 kudinga ukwenziwa ngcono okuphelele kuzo zonke izinto, umzila, kanye nezixhumi. Ukulingisa i-Eye-Diagram kuqinisekisa ukusebenza, kuyilapho ngokucophelela ngokusebenzisa ukuphathwa kunciphisa ukungaqhubeki.
Izindlela Zokuhlola Nokuqinisekisa
- Ukuhlolwa kokuthobela imithetho kuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho yesiteshi se-PCIe 6.0
- Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Eye-Diagram kuhlola ukuvuleka kwamehlo kwesignali
- Ukulinganiswa kwe-TX/RX nge-FEC kunciphisa amazinga amaphutha e-bit
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-CEM kuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana kwezinga lesistimu
Ucwaningo Lwezimo Zemboni kanye Nombukiso Wamakhono
Ubuchwepheshe bethu ekukhiqizweni kwe-PCB yesikhungo sedatha se-AI buhlanganisa:
- Ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi ngama-laminate aphansi kakhulu
- Amandla okulawula umzila wesivinini esikhulu kanye nokulawula ukuvimba
- Izifundo ezibonisa ukwehla okungu-40% ku-BER kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokubambezeleka okungu-12% kuma-GPU interconnects
Izincomo
I-PCIe 5.0 kanye ne-PCIe 6.0 zichaza kabusha ukukhiqizwa kwe-PCB kwezikhungo zedatha ze-AI. Onjiniyela bokuklama kufanele babeke phambili izinto ezisheshayo, umzila olungiselelwe, kanye nokulingisa okuqinile. Abaholi bokuthenga kumele babambisane nabakhiqizi be-PCB abanolwazi ekuklanyweni kwesivinini esiphezulu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
Umbuzo 1: Yimiphi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-PCIe 5.0 ne-PCIe 6.0?
A1: Isivinini siyakhula kusukela ku-32 GT/s kuya ku-64 GT/s, ngokusetshenziswa kwe-PAM4 kanye ne-FEC.
Umbuzo 2: Kungani izikhungo zedatha ze-AI zinezidingo eziphakeme zokukhiqizwa kwe-PCB?
A2: Isikali seqoqo le-GPU sikhulu, iziteshi zokuxhumanisa zinde, futhi izinselele zobuqotho besignali zibalulekile.
Q3: Yiziphi izinketho ezivamile zezinto ze-PCB ezisheshayo?
A3: Megtron 6, Tachyon 100G, I-Tera MT40.
Q4: Unganciphisa kanjani ukulahleka kwesiginali ku-PCIe 6.0?
A4: Khetha izinto ezilahlekelwa kancane, lawula ubude bokulandelela, sebenzisa ama-retimers.
Q5: Ingabe ukujiya kwe-PCB plating okushesha kakhulu kuyayithinta yini imizwelo?
A5: Yebo, ukujiya okukhulu kwethusi kwandisa ukulahleka. Sebenzisa ithusi elibushelelezi elinobukhulu obufanele.
Umbuzo 6: Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukusebenza kwesiteshi se-PCIe kumabhodi e-motherboard esikhungo sedatha se-AI?
A6: Ngokuhlola ukuhambisana nemithetho, ukuhlaziywa kwe-Eye-Diagram, kanye nokulinganiswa kwe-FEC.
