Izigaba Zemodyuli

Ibhodi yenkampani ye-IC PCB

1. Unganquma kanjani inani lezingqimba ze-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

Thola ngokusekelwe kubuningi besiginali, izidingo zesendlalelo samandla, kanye nezidingo zobuqotho besiginali. Amasiginali amaningi anesivinini esikhulu adinga izendlalelo ezengeziwe zangaphakathi zokuvikela, isib., abathwali beprosesa yeselula bavame ukusebenzisa izendlalelo ezingu-8-10.
2. Ungaklama kanjani usayizi wesithwali se-IC?

Umklamo ofanelana nosayizi we-chip, ukwakheka kwezingxenye ezingaphandle, kanye nendawo yokufaka. Isibonelo, izithwali zamawashi ahlakaniphile zidinga ukwenziwa kube kuncane ngendlela eqondile.
3. Ungazikhetha kanjani izinto zokwakha i-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

Sebenzisa izinto ezisebenzisa i-dielectric ephansi futhi ezingashintshi kakhulu (isb., i-Rogers) ekusetshenzisweni kwesivinini esikhulu kanye ne-FR-4 ekusetshenzisweni okuvamile. Qondanisa i-coefficient yokwandisa ukushisa ne-chip.
4. Ungaklama kanjani umzila wenkampani ye-IC?

Landela izimiso zobuqotho besignali: gcina amasignali esivinini esiphezulu emafushane futhi eqondile, qiniseka ukuthi ama-differential pairs ayalingana ngobude futhi afana ngesikhala. Isibonelo, ama-interface e-PCIe adinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kobude nesikhala.
5. Ungaklama kanjani ungqimba lwamandla lwenkampani ethwala i-IC?

Hlela izindiza zamandla ezifanayo bese uhlukanisa izizinda zamandla ezahlukene ngesikhathi sokuhlukanisa ukuze ugweme ukuxoxa phakathi kwezinsiza zamandla zedijithali neze-analog.
6. Ungaklama kanjani isisekelo senkampani ethwala i-IC?

Misa indiza yokumisa ephansi evimbela ukuvimba, engeza amasongo okuvikela amasignali abucayi, bese usebenzisa isisekelo samaphuzu amaningi kumasekethe e-RF.
7. Ungaklama kanjani ama-vias enkampani ye-IC?

Usayizi we-Via unqunywa ngokwamanje kanye nemvamisa. Sebenzisa ama-via anobubanzi obuncane (isb., ＜0.3mm kumasignali angaphezu kwe-10GHz) kumasignali anesivinini esikhulu ukuze unciphise amapharamitha e-parasitic.
8. Ungaklama kanjani ukupakisha kwe-BGA kwenkampani yokuthwala i-IC?

Qondanisa kahle usayizi wephedi kanye nesikhala, lungisa umzila kanye nokusatshalaliswa kokushisa endaweni ye-BGA, bese wengeza i-thermal via array ngaphansi kwe-BGA.
9. Ungawaklama kanjani amaphuzu okuhlola enkampani yokuthwala i-IC?

Izindawo zokuhlola kufanele zifinyeleleke kalula emishinini, futhi kumele zibekwe kuma-node esignali ayisihluthulelo kanye nama-power pin ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuhlola ezisebenzayo.
10. Ungaklama kanjani isikrini sesilika senkampani yokuthwala i-IC?

Isikrini sesilika kufanele siphawule ngokucacile amalebula ezingxenye, i-polarity, njll., futhi sibekwe ezindaweni ezingenalutho kude nezindawo zokushisela.
11. Ungaklama kanjani uhlaka lwenkampani yokuthwala i-IC?

Yenza ngokwezifiso ukuma (isb., unxande/okungajwayelekile) ngokwesakhiwo semishini kanye nezidingo zokufakwa ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezinye izingxenye, njengasezithwalini ze-laptop.
12. Ungaklama kanjani ukubekezelelana kwenkampani ethwala i-IC?

Setha ukubekezelelana (isb., ±0.05mm ngobubanzi bomugqa) ngokusekelwe ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwezingqimba kanye nokunemba kokufakwa kwezingxenye.
13. Ungaklama kanjani isakhiwo sokushisa senkampani ethwala i-IC?

Sebenzisa ama-heat sink, ama-via, noma ama-substrate ensimbi kuma-chips anamandla aphezulu. Isibonelo, abathwali be-CPU bathuthukisa ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa ngama-copper planes amakhulu nama-via.
14. Ungaklama kanjani isivikelo sikagesi senkampani ethwala i-IC?

Sebenzisa izembozo zokuvikela zensimbi noma izendlalelo zokuvikela ubuso ukuze uvale amasekethe abucayi (isib. amamojula e-RF).
15. Ungaklama kanjani ukuthembeka kwesithwali se-IC?

Cabanga ngezinto zokwakha, umzila, kanye nomklamo wokushisa ngokuphelele. Sebenzisa izinto zokwakha ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi unciphise ukucindezeleka.
16. Ungaklama kanjani ukukhiqizwa kwesithwali se-IC?

Umklamo ukuze uhlangabezane namakhono enqubo (isb., ububanzi/isikhala esincane somugqa) ukuze kube lula ukukhiqiza.
17. Ungaklama kanjani ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi isithwali se-IC singakwazi yini ukuhlolwa?

Faka amaphuzu okuhlola anele kanye nezixhumi (isb., i-JTAG) zokuhlola umkhiqizo kanye nokuxilongwa kwamaphutha.
18. Ungaklama kanjani ukuze isithwali se-IC sigcinwe kahle?

Hlela izingxenye ukuze kube lula ukuzishintsha, ubeke izingxenye ezisengozini ezindaweni ezifinyeleleka kalula.
19. Ungaklama kanjani ukuze kuthuthukiswe izindleko zenkampani yenethiwekhi ye-IC?

Lungiselela izindleko ngokulawula inani lezingqimba, usayizi, nokukhetha izinto ezifanele kanye nezinqubo ngaphansi kwezimfuneko zokusebenza.
20. Ungaklama kanjani ukuvikela imvelo yenkampani ethwala i-IC?

Sebenzisa ukushisela okungenalo umthofu kanye nezinto ezivikela imvelo ukuze uhambisane nezindinganiso ze-RoHS.
21. Iyini inqubo eyisisekelo yokukhiqizwa kwe-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

Izinqubo zifaka phakathi ukusika izinto, ukubhoboza, ukufakwa kwethusi, ukufakelwa nge-electroplating, ukwenziwa kwesekethe, ukufihla imaski nge-solder, ukuhlolwa kwesilika, kanye nokwelashwa kwendawo.
22. Yiziphi izinto ezivamile ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni?

Izinto zokwakha zifaka phakathi ama-laminate ambozwe ngethusi (FR-4, izinto ezivame kakhulu), i-copper foil, i-solder/silk screen inks, kanye nezinto zokwelapha ubuso (i-gold/tin plating, i-OSP).
23. Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukunemba kokubhoboza?

Sebenzisa imishini enembile kakhulu, gcina ama-drill njalo, lawula isivinini/isivinini sokudla, bese usebenzisa izikhonkwane zokubeka ukuze ugcine ukuphambuka okungu-≤±0.05mm.
24. Ungayenza kanjani i-copper deposition?

Sebenzisa i-electroless plating ukufaka ithusi elincane elingu-0.2-0.5μm odongeni lwembobo, okwenza izindonga ezingahambisani nokudonsa zihambisane nokudonsa nge-electroplating.
25. Ungalawula kanjani ukujiya kwe-electroplating?

Lawula ngokunembile ubuningi bamanje, isikhathi, ukwakheka kwesisombululo se-plating/izinga lokushisa. Isibonelo, i-copper plating engu-18-35μm itholakala ngokulungisa amapharamitha.
26. Ungakha kanjani ama-trace esekethe?

Sebenzisa i-photolithography ukuze udlulise amaphethini, kulandelwe ukuthuthukiswa nokuqoshwa. Ububanzi bomugqa obuncane bungafinyelela ku-0.075mm.
27. Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ikhwalithi yemaski yokusoda?

Sebenzisa uyinki osezingeni eliphezulu, lawula ukujiya/ukufana kwesembozo, lungisa amapharamitha okuvezwa/okupholisa. Ubukhulu befilimu bungu-25-40μm, abunamabhamuza/imbobo.
28. Ungakwenza kanjani ukuhlolwa kwesilika?

Sebenzisa ukuphrinta kwesikrini ukulawula ukujiya kweyinki (10-20μm) kanye nokunemba, uqinisekise izinhlamvu ezicacile kanye nokubekwa okunembile.
29. Ungazikhetha kanjani izindlela zokwelapha ubuso?

Khetha i-HASL yokukwazi ukushintshwa kanye ne-ENIG yokusicaba, ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zohlelo lokusebenza.
30. Yiziphi izinkinga ezivamile zokukhiqiza?

Amasekethe amafushane, amasekethe avulekile, ukuvulwa kwe-trace, amaphutha emaski e-solder, isikrini sesilika esifiphele, izindonga zemigodi emahhadla, ukuhlukanisa, njll.
31. Ungahlola kanjani ikhwalithi?

Sebenzisa i-AOI, i-X-ray, ukuhlolwa kwe-flying probe, kanye ne-ICT ukuhlola ubuqotho besekethe, ikhwalithi yokunamathisela, kanye nokusebenza kukagesi.
32. Ungalungisa kanjani amaphutha?

Sebenzisa i-micro-etching ukususa ithusi eliningi lama-shorts, izintambo ze-jumper zokuvula, kanye nokulungisa kwendawo amaphutha emaski okusoda. Hlola kabusha ngemva kokulungisa.
33. Uyini umjikelezo wokukhiqiza ojwayelekile?

Izinsuku ezi-3-7 kwabathwali abavamile, izinsuku eziyi-10-15 kwabayinkimbinkimbi, kanye nezinsuku ezi-1-3 zama-oda aphuthumayo (anezindleko eziphezulu).
34. Ungazinciphisa kanjani izindleko zokukhiqiza?

Lungiselela umklamo ukuze unciphise inani/usayizi wezendlalelo, khetha izinto/izinqubo ezingabizi kakhulu, futhi uthuthukise isivuno.
35. Imiphi imiphumela ekhona kwezemvelo emvelweni yokukhiqiza?

Ikhiqiza amanzi angcolile, igesi yokukhipha ugesi, kanye nezinsalela zemfucuza eziqukethe izinsimbi ezisindayo, okudinga ukwelashwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso zokukhipha udoti.
36. Ungawathuthukisa kanjani amazinga okuzenzakalelayo?

Sebenzisa imishini yokulayisha/yokuthulula ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukuhlola usilika, kanye nokuhlola ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuvumelana kwekhwalithi.
37. Yimiphi imishini esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni?

Imishini yokubhoboza, imigqa yokufaka ithusi/yokufaka i-electroplating, imishini yokudalula, imishini yokuqopha, imaski/amaphrinta esikrinini sesilika, ukwelashwa kwendawo, kanye nemishini yokuhlola.
38. Ungayinakekela kanjani imishini yokukhiqiza?

Hlanza njalo, lungisa, shintsha izingxenye ezigugile, futhi ulinganisele amapharamitha ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwemishini.
39. Ungawenza kanjani ngcono amapharamitha enqubo?

Lungiselela amapharamitha okubhoboza, ukufaka i-electroplating, ukuqopha, njll., ngokuhlaziya kokuhlola—isib., ukuthuthukisa ukufana kwe-plating ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kahle.
40. Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi ukukhiqiza kuyafana?

Sebenzisa izinqubo ezijwayelekile, lawula ikhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa, ulinganise imishini, futhi uqeqeshe abasebenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kweqembu ngalinye.
41. Ungahlola kanjani ukusebenza kukagesi?

Sebenzisa ama-multimeter, ama-oscilloscope, kanye nabahlaziyi benethiwekhi ukuhlola ukuqhubeka, ukuvinjelwa, kanye nezici zokudlulisa isignali.
42. Ungahlola kanjani ubuqotho besiginali?

Sebenzisa umdwebo wamehlo, ukuzindla, kanye nokuhlolwa kokuxoxa ukuze uhlaziye ukuhlanekezela. Ukuvulwa komdwebo wamehlo kumele kuhlangabezane nezindinganiso.
43. Ungathuthukisa kanjani ubuqotho bamandla?

Lungiselela amanethiwekhi okusabalalisa amandla, engeza ama-capacitor ahlukanisayo, nciphisa ukumelana/ukungena kwamandla kwangaphakathi, futhi wehlise umsindo—isib., beka ama-capacitor anenani eliningi eduze kwama-chip pin.
44. Ungahlola kanjani ukusebenza kwe-RF?

Sebenzisa abahlaziyi benethiwekhi ye-vector ukuhlola ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa, ukulahlekelwa kokubuyiselwa, ukuhlukaniswa, njll., ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwesignali ye-RF evamile.
45. Ungahlola kanjani ukusebenza kokushisa?

Sebenzisa izithombe ezishisayo ukukala ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa nokubala ukumelana nokushisa. Izinga lokushisa lobuso be-chip kumele libe ngaphakathi kwemingcele elinganisiwe.
46. Ungathuthukisa kanjani ikhono lokulwa nokuphazamiseka?

Sebenzisa ukuvikela, ukuhlunga, kanye nokuqondisa ngendlela efanele—isib., hlukanisa izisekelo zedijithali/ze-analog bese wengeza ukuvikela ezimpawini ezibucayi.
47. Ungakuhlola kanjani ukuthembeka?

Yenza ukuguga okushisa okuphezulu (isb., 85℃), ukujikeleza kokushisa, umswakama, kanye nokuhlolwa kokudlidliza ukuze uhlole ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwemvelo.
48. Ungahlola kanjani impilo yenkonzo?

Qagela impilo yesevisi ngokuhlola impilo okusheshayo kanye nokumodela i-Arrhenius equation.
49. Ungakuthuthukisa kanjani ukuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic (EMC)?

Lungiselela ukusekela phansi, ukuvikela, kanye nokuhlunga ukuze ulawule imisebe yesignali kanye nokuzwela kokuphazamiseka—isib., engeza ozimele bokusekela phansi emaphethelweni e-PCB.
50. Ungahlola kanjani ukusebenza kwemishini?

Yenza ukuhlolwa kokugoba, ukucindezela, kanye nokusika ukuze uhlole amandla ebhodi, okumele ahlangabezane nezindinganiso ezifanele.
51. Ungakuhlola kanjani ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali?

Hlola ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo zokumelana namakhemikhali (ukucwilisa izixazululo ze-asidi/alkali) ukuze ubone izinguquko zokubukeka nokusebenza.
52. Ungakuthuthukisa kanjani ukumelana nesimo sezulu kwe-IC carrier PCB?

Khetha izinto ezimelana nesimo sezulu esihle bese usebenzisa izindlela zokuvikela ubuso (njengokumboza upende ongenazo izithiyo ezintathu) ukuze wandise isikhathi senkonzo yangaphandle.
53. Ungawuhlola kanjani ukusebenza kokufakwa kwe-IC carrier PCB?

Sebenzisa isihloli sokumelana nokushisa ukuze ulinganise ukumelana nokushisa phakathi kwamasekethe naphakathi kwamasekethe nomhlabathi (kufanele kube ngaphezu kwezinga le-megohm).
54. Ungahlola kanjani ukusebenza kwe-dielectric kwe-IC carrier PCB?

Hlola ngokuhlola amapharamitha afana ne-dielectric constant kanye ne-dielectric loss factor. Ezisetshenzisweni zemvamisa ephezulu, i-dielectric constant kufanele iqine futhi iphansi.
55. Ungalithuthukisa kanjani ijubane lokudlulisa isignali ye-IC carrier PCB?

Lungiselela izintambo, sebenzisa izinto ezinciphisa ukulahlekelwa, bese usebenzisa izakhiwo ze-microstrip noma ze-stripline ukuze uthole amasignali esivinini esikhulu ukuze unciphise ukubambezeleka.
56. Ungawuhlola kanjani amandla okuphatha amandla e-IC carrier PCB?

Sebenzisa imithwalo yamandla ehlukene, bheka ukushisa kwesekethe kanye nezinguquko ekusebenzeni kukagesi, bese uhlola amandla okuphatha ugesi wamasekethe edivayisi yamandla.
57. Ungahlola kanjani ukusebenza komsindo we-IC carrier PCB?

Kala umsindo wamandla, umsindo wesiginali, njll., ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani lomsindo wamandla elifinyelela esicongweni lingaphakathi kwebanga elivumelekile.
58. Ungakuthuthukisa kanjani ukubekezelela amaphutha kwe-IC carrier PCB?

Sebenzisa imiklamo engadingekile (njengokwengeza amasekethe okusekelayo noma izingxenye), bese usebenzisa ukudluliselwa kwemigqa emibili ukuze uthole izimpawu ezibalulekile ukuze uthuthukise ukuthembeka.
59. Ungawuhlola kanjani ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo kwe-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

Hlola isivinini sokuphendula kwesignali kanye nokuqina ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo (njengokuhlolwa okuguquguqukayo kwezixhumi zokudlulisa idatha ezisheshayo).
60. Ungakuhlola kanjani ukuhambisana kwe-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

Yenza izivivinyo zokuhambisana ngama-chip namamojula ahlukene (njengokuhlola ngamaqoqo ahlukene ama-chip) ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kohlelo.
61. Ungaxazulula kanjani amaphutha okujikeleza okufushane ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

Okokuqala sebenzisa i-AOI ukuhlola amaphuzu amafushane esekethe, bese usebenzisa i-multimeter ukukala ukumelana kokubeka, bese uhlola amasekethe amafushane kumasekethe noma kumaphini ezingxenye.
62. Ungaxazulula kanjani amaphutha e-open-circuit ku-IC carrier PCB?

Sebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-flying probe noma i-multimeter ukukala ukuqhubeka kwesekethe bese uhlola amasekethe avulekile noma ama-via avinjiwe (okungenzeka ukuthi abangelwa izinkinga zokugqwala ngokweqile noma ukubhoboza).
63. Ungaxazulula kanjani ukudluliselwa kwesignali okungavamile ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

Sebenzisa i-oscilloscope ukuze ubone ama-waveform esignali, uhlole izinkinga zokuzindla kanye nokukhuluma nge-crosstalk, bese uphenya ukungalingani kwezintambo noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-impedance.
64. Ungazixazulula kanjani izinkinga zokunikezwa kwamandla ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

Kala i-voltage yokunikezwa kwamandla, hlola amasekethe amafushane/amasekethe avulekile emigqeni yokunikezwa kwamandla kanye nokwehluleka kwe-capacitor yokuhlukanisa, bese uhlola amaphutha e-power chip noma ukulahleka okukhulu kwemigqa.
65. Ungaxazulula kanjani ukufudumala okungavamile ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

Sebenzisa i-thermal imager ukuze uthole imithombo yokushisa bese uhlola ukuthi idivayisi yamandla ayigcwele noma ukuthi ukushisa akusebenzi kahle (njengokufakwa kwesinki yokushisa okungafanele noma ama-heat vias anganele).
66. Ungazixazulula kanjani izinkinga zokuphazanyiswa kwe-electromagnetic (EMI) ku-IC carrier PCB?

Sebenzisa i-spectrum analyzer ukuthola imithombo yokuphazamiseka bese uhlola izindlela zokuvikela (njengokuxhumeka komhlaba kwezimbozo zokuvikela kanye nokusebenza okuvamile kwamasekethe okuhlunga).
67. Ungazixazulula kanjani izinkinga zokushisela ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

Sebenzisa i-AOI ukuhlola amajoyinti e-solder abandayo, amajoyinti e-solder angekho, kanye nokubopha, bese uphenya ngezinkinga zokushisa/isikhathi noma ikhwalithi yokushisela engafanele.
68. Ungaxazulula kanjani umonakalo wengxenye ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

Sebenzisa ama-multimeter nama-oscilloscope ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezingxenye (njengokumelana, amandla, kanye nokuqhuba kwe-diode), bese uphenya izimbangela ze-overvoltage/overcurrent.
69. Ungaxazulula kanjani amaphutha okuklama ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

Hlola kabusha amadokhumenti okuklama, qhathanisa ukusebenza kwangempela nezincazelo, bese uphenya amaphutha okusetha izintambo noma amapharamitha angafanele (njengobubanzi bomugqa obunganele ekuthwaleni kwamanje).
70. Ungakuxazulula kanjani ukuxhumana okungekuhle ezindaweni zokuhlola ze-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

Hlola ukuthi i-oxidation/ukungcola kukuphi ezindaweni zokuhlola, ukuguguleka kwama-test probe, noma izinkinga zokuxhumeka kwemishini. Hlanza izindawo zokuhlola noma ushintshe ama-probe.
71. Ungazixazulula kanjani izinkinga zesikrini sesilika ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

Hlola ukucaca kwesikrini sesilika, ukunemba, kanye nendawo, bese uhlola izinkinga zenqubo yesikrini sesilika noma zekhwalithi yeyinki (njengokulungisa amapharamitha esikrini sesilika).
72. Ungazixazulula kanjani izinkinga zemaski ye-solder ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

Bheka ungqimba lwemaski yokusongelwa ukuze ubone amabhamuza, imigodi, kanye nokuxebuka, bese uhlola izinkinga zenqubo yokumboza/yokuphola (njengokulungisa ukujiya kwengubo kanye nokushisa kokupholisa).
73. Ungakuxazulula kanjani ukuhlukaniswa kwezingqimba phakathi kwe-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

Sebenzisa i-X-ray ukuthola ukubopha phakathi kwezingqimba bese uphenya izinkinga zokucindezeleka okukhulu kokushisa noma ukuhambisana kwezinto (njengokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza).
74. Ungazixazulula kanjani izinkinga zodonga olunemigodi eqinile ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

Bheka izindonga zemigodi ngaphansi kwe-microscope bese uhlola amapharamitha okubhoboza kanye nokuguga kwe-drill bit (njengokulungisa isivinini sokubhoboza kanye nesivinini sokuphakelwa).
75. Ungaxazulula kanjani ukuphathwa kabi kwendawo ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

Hlola ukufana kwengqimba yokwelashwa kwendawo, ukuqina, kanye nokugqwala kwe-oxidation/ukugqwala, bese uhlola amapharamitha enqubo angafanele (njengokulungisa isikhathi se-electroplating kanye nobuningi bamanje).
76. Ungazixazulula kanjani izinkinga zokuphambuka kobukhulu ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

Sebenzisa amathuluzi okulinganisa afana nama-caliper ukuze uqhathanise nobukhulu bomklamo bese uphenya ngezinkinga zokubeka indawo yokukhiqiza noma zokunemba kokucubungula (njengokuhlola indawo yokubhoboza).
77. Ungazixazulula kanjani izinkinga zokuguqulwa kwe-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokulinganisa ukuthamba ukuze uthole futhi uhlole izinkinga zokucindezeleka kokushisa noma zezinto ezibonakalayo (njenge-coefficient yokwandisa ukushisa ngokweqile kwebhodi, ukwenza ngcono ukwakheka kokushisa).
78. Ungaxazulula kanjani ukungalandeli izindinganiso zemvelo ze-PCB yokuthwala i-IC?

Hlola ukwakheka kwezinto bese uhlola inqubo yokukhiqiza (njengokuthi kusetshenziswa izinto eziqukethe umthofu nokuthi amanzi angcolile/ukukhishwa komoya kuyahlangabezana yini nezindinganiso).
79. Ungazixazulula kanjani izinkinga zokwenziwa kwe-IC carrier PCB?

Xhumana nabakhiqizi bese uhlola ukuthi umklamo uyahlangabezana yini nezidingo zenqubo (njengobubanzi bomugqa/isikhala samakhono okuhlangana kwemishini, ukuthuthukisa umklamo).
80. Ungazixazulula kanjani izinkinga zokuhlolwa kwe-IC carrier PCB?

Hlola ukuthi izilungiselelo zamaphuzu okuhlola kanye nokujwayelekile kwesixhumi esibonakalayo zinengqondo yini, bese uphenya ngamaphuzu okuhlola anganele noma izikhundla ezingafanele (hlela kabusha amaphuzu okuhlola).
81. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-PCB yenkampani ye-IC kanye ne-PCB evamile?

Ama-PCB enkampani ye-IC agxila kakhulu ekuxhumekeni kwe-chip, ngosayizi omncane, ukunemba okuphezulu, izintambo eziqinile, kanye nezidingo eziphakeme zokuqina kwesignali kanye nokushabalaliswa kokushisa.
82. Ungamkhetha kanjani umhlinzeki we-IC carrier PCB?

Hlola amandla okukhiqiza abaphakeli, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi, izinga lobuchwepheshe, intengo, kanye nesikhathi sokulethwa (njengokuhlola izitifiketi ezifanele kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini).
83. Ungaphatha kanjani uhlu lwe-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

Lawula ngokufanele inani lempahla ekhona ngokusekelwe ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza kanye nezibikezelo zesidingo, yenza ukuhlolwa kwempahla njalo, bese usebenzisa indlela yokuhlukanisa i-ABC ukuvimbela ukugcwala/ukuntuleka.
84. Yiziphi izindlela zokusebenzisa kabusha i-PCB yokuthwala i-IC?

Ukuhlukaniswa ngokomzimba kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungasetshenziswa ukubuyisa ithusi kanye nezinsimbi eziyigugu (njengokuvuza kwe-asidi ukuze kubuyiselwe ithusi, ngokuvumelana nezidingo zemvelo).

Ibhodi yenkampani ye-IC PCB

1. Unganquma kanjani inani lezingqimba ze-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

2. Ungaklama kanjani usayizi wesithwali se-IC?

3. Ungazikhetha kanjani izinto zokwakha i-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

4. Ungaklama kanjani umzila wenkampani ye-IC?

5. Ungaklama kanjani ungqimba lwamandla lwenkampani ethwala i-IC?

6. Ungaklama kanjani isisekelo senkampani ethwala i-IC?

7. Ungaklama kanjani ama-vias enkampani ye-IC?

8. Ungaklama kanjani ukupakisha kwe-BGA kwenkampani yokuthwala i-IC?

9. Ungawaklama kanjani amaphuzu okuhlola enkampani yokuthwala i-IC?

10. Ungaklama kanjani isikrini sesilika senkampani yokuthwala i-IC?

11. Ungaklama kanjani uhlaka lwenkampani yokuthwala i-IC?

12. Ungaklama kanjani ukubekezelelana kwenkampani ethwala i-IC?

13. Ungaklama kanjani isakhiwo sokushisa senkampani ethwala i-IC?

14. Ungaklama kanjani isivikelo sikagesi senkampani ethwala i-IC?

15. Ungaklama kanjani ukuthembeka kwesithwali se-IC?

16. Ungaklama kanjani ukukhiqizwa kwesithwali se-IC?

17. Ungaklama kanjani ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi isithwali se-IC singakwazi yini ukuhlolwa?

18. Ungaklama kanjani ukuze isithwali se-IC sigcinwe kahle?

19. Ungaklama kanjani ukuze kuthuthukiswe izindleko zenkampani yenethiwekhi ye-IC?

20. Ungaklama kanjani ukuvikela imvelo yenkampani ethwala i-IC?

21. Iyini inqubo eyisisekelo yokukhiqizwa kwe-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

22. Yiziphi izinto ezivamile ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni?

23. Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukunemba kokubhoboza?

24. Ungayenza kanjani i-copper deposition?

25. Ungalawula kanjani ukujiya kwe-electroplating?

26. Ungakha kanjani ama-trace esekethe?

27. Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ikhwalithi yemaski yokusoda?

28. Ungakwenza kanjani ukuhlolwa kwesilika?

29. Ungazikhetha kanjani izindlela zokwelapha ubuso?

30. Yiziphi izinkinga ezivamile zokukhiqiza?

31. Ungahlola kanjani ikhwalithi?

32. Ungalungisa kanjani amaphutha?

33. Uyini umjikelezo wokukhiqiza ojwayelekile?

34. Ungazinciphisa kanjani izindleko zokukhiqiza?

35. Imiphi imiphumela ekhona kwezemvelo emvelweni yokukhiqiza?

36. Ungawathuthukisa kanjani amazinga okuzenzakalelayo?

37. Yimiphi imishini esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni?

38. Ungayinakekela kanjani imishini yokukhiqiza?

39. Ungawenza kanjani ngcono amapharamitha enqubo?

40. Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi ukukhiqiza kuyafana?

41. Ungahlola kanjani ukusebenza kukagesi?

42. Ungahlola kanjani ubuqotho besiginali?

43. Ungathuthukisa kanjani ubuqotho bamandla?

44. Ungahlola kanjani ukusebenza kwe-RF?

45. Ungahlola kanjani ukusebenza kokushisa?

46. ​​Ungathuthukisa kanjani ikhono lokulwa nokuphazamiseka?

47. Ungakuhlola kanjani ukuthembeka?

48. Ungahlola kanjani impilo yenkonzo?

49. Ungakuthuthukisa kanjani ukuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic (EMC)?

50. Ungahlola kanjani ukusebenza kwemishini?

51. Ungakuhlola kanjani ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali?

52. Ungakuthuthukisa kanjani ukumelana nesimo sezulu kwe-IC carrier PCB?

53. Ungawuhlola kanjani ukusebenza kokufakwa kwe-IC carrier PCB?

54. Ungahlola kanjani ukusebenza kwe-dielectric kwe-IC carrier PCB?

55. Ungalithuthukisa kanjani ijubane lokudlulisa isignali ye-IC carrier PCB?

56. Ungawuhlola kanjani amandla okuphatha amandla e-IC carrier PCB?

57. Ungahlola kanjani ukusebenza komsindo we-IC carrier PCB?

58. Ungakuthuthukisa kanjani ukubekezelela amaphutha kwe-IC carrier PCB?

59. Ungawuhlola kanjani ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo kwe-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

60. Ungakuhlola kanjani ukuhambisana kwe-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

61. Ungaxazulula kanjani amaphutha okujikeleza okufushane ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

62. Ungaxazulula kanjani amaphutha e-open-circuit ku-IC carrier PCB?

63. Ungaxazulula kanjani ukudluliselwa kwesignali okungavamile ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

64. Ungazixazulula kanjani izinkinga zokunikezwa kwamandla ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

65. Ungaxazulula kanjani ukufudumala okungavamile ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

66. Ungazixazulula kanjani izinkinga zokuphazanyiswa kwe-electromagnetic (EMI) ku-IC carrier PCB?

67. Ungazixazulula kanjani izinkinga zokushisela ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

68. Ungaxazulula kanjani umonakalo wengxenye ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

69. Ungaxazulula kanjani amaphutha okuklama ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

70. Ungakuxazulula kanjani ukuxhumana okungekuhle ezindaweni zokuhlola ze-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

71. Ungazixazulula kanjani izinkinga zesikrini sesilika ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

72. Ungazixazulula kanjani izinkinga zemaski ye-solder ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

73. Ungakuxazulula kanjani ukuhlukaniswa kwezingqimba phakathi kwe-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

74. Ungazixazulula kanjani izinkinga zodonga olunemigodi eqinile ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

75. Ungaxazulula kanjani ukuphathwa kabi kwendawo ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

76. Ungazixazulula kanjani izinkinga zokuphambuka kobukhulu ku-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

77. Ungazixazulula kanjani izinkinga zokuguqulwa kwe-PCB yenkampani ye-IC?

78. Ungaxazulula kanjani ukungalandeli izindinganiso zemvelo ze-PCB yokuthwala i-IC?

79. Ungazixazulula kanjani izinkinga zokwenziwa kwe-IC carrier PCB?

46. Ungathuthukisa kanjani ikhono lokulwa nokuphazamiseka?