Momwe Mungasankhire PCB Yoyenera ya ESC ya Quadcopter Yanu Yapadera | Buku Lotsogolera Akatswiri

M'ndandanda wazopezekamo

• Chiyambi
• Ntchito Yaikulu: Kodi ESC PCB Imachita Chiyani?
• Kuchotsa ESC PCB: Zigawo Zofunikira ndi Zotsatira Zake
• Kugwirizana ndi Wopanga PCBA Woyenera
• Mndandanda Wothandiza Wofufuza Zomwe Mungachite Posankha
• Maziko a Ndege

Mu dziko la kupanga ma quadcopter apadera, chisangalalo chili pakuchepetsa mphamvu zonse za makina anu. Ngakhale kuti mafelemu, ma mota, ndi ma propeller amapeza ulemerero waukulu, oyendetsa ndege odziwa bwino ntchito amadziwa kuti ngwazi yeniyeni yosayamikiridwa—ndipo nthawi zambiri imalephera—ndi Electronic Speed ​​Controller (ESC) Printed Circuit Board (PCB).

Kusankha ESC yomwe simunaigwiritse ntchito ndi nkhani ina, koma kupanga kapena kusankha ESC PCBA (Printed Circuit Board Assembly) yapadera ndi masewera osiyana. Ndi chisankho chofunikira chomwe chimalamulira kudalirika, kuyankha, ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya quad yanu. Bukuli lidzafufuza zovuta zaukadaulo za ESC PCBs, zomwe zimakupatsani mphamvu zopangira zisankho zodziwikiratu za kapangidwe kanu kapamwamba.

Ntchito Yaikulu: Kodi ESC PCB Imachita Chiyani?

Musanaphunzire zofunikira posankha, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa udindo wa ESC. Imagwira ntchito ngati mkhalapakati pakati pa chowongolera ndege (ubongo) ndi ma mota opanda burashi (minofu). Ntchito zake zazikulu ndi izi:

• Kusintha kwa Mphamvu: Imasinthasintha mofulumira mafunde amphamvu kuchokera pa batri kupita ku magawo atatu a injini (A, B, C) kuti ipange mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira.
• Kulankhulana: Imatanthauzira zizindikiro kuchokera ku chowongolera ndege (nthawi zambiri PWM, DShot, kapena Proshot protocols) kuti idziwe liwiro lofunikira la injini.
• Telemetry: Ma ESC apamwamba amapereka deta yobwezera (RPM, mphamvu yamagetsi, kutentha) kwa wowongolera ndege kuti azitha kusintha ndi kuyang'anira.

PCB ndiye maziko omwe amasunga zinthu zonse zomwe zimathandiza ntchitozi. Kapangidwe kake kamakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito, kutayika kwa kutentha, ndi phokoso lamagetsi la dongosolo lonse.

Kuchotsa ESC PCB: Zigawo Zofunikira ndi Zotsatira Zake

ESC PCB yogwira ntchito bwino si bolodi lokhala ndi zigawo zina zokha; ndi dongosolo lopangidwa mosamala.

A. Ma MOSFET (Ma Power Switch)

Kodi ndi chiyani: Ma transistors a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect ndi omwe amagwira ntchito yonyamula mphamvu yamagetsi yambiri.

Zosankha Zosankha:

• RDS(YATSEGULITSA): Uku ndi kukana pamene FET ikuyendetsedwa. Pansi ndi bwino. Kutsika kwa RDS(ON) kumatanthauza kuti mphamvu zochepa zimatayika ngati kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mota zanu zigwire bwino ntchito komanso zikhale ndi mphamvu zambiri.
• Kuchuluka kwa Voltage: Iyenera kupitirira mphamvu ya batri yanu mosavuta (monga 30V-40V FETs ya 6S LiPo ~25.2V). Mphamvu yamagetsi yokwera imapereka chitetezo motsutsana ndi kukwera kwa magetsi.
• Kusamalira Pakali pano: Ma rating amagetsi opitilira komanso othamanga ayenera kukwaniritsa zosowa za ma mota anu omwe ali ndi katundu wolemera kwambiri.
• Liwiro Losinthira: Kusintha mwachangu kumalola ma PWM frequency apamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini izigwira ntchito bwino. Komabe, kuyenera kuyendetsedwa kuti kupewe kusokoneza kwa electromagnetic (EMI).

B. Chigawo cha Microcontroller (MCU - Ubongo)

Kodi ndi chiyani: Purosesa yomwe imayendetsa firmware ya ESC (monga, BLHeli_32, AM32, KISS).

Zosankha Zosankha:

• Mphamvu Yogwiritsira Ntchito: Ma MCU amakono a 32-bit (monga ARM Cortex-M0) asintha kwambiri ma chip akale a 8-bit. Amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapamwamba: kuchuluka kwa zotsitsimutsa (DShot1200), ma algorithms apamwamba (RPM filtering), ndi telemetry, zonse zomwe zimathandiza kuti ndege iyende bwino komanso kuti ikhale yowongoka bwino.
• Kugwirizana kwa Firmware: Kusankha kwanu MCU kudzasankha firmware yomwe mungayendetse. Onetsetsani kuti wopanga wanu akhoza kupeza ma MCU omwe amathandizidwa ndi firmware yomwe mumakonda.

C. Kapangidwe ka Mapangidwe ndi Kapangidwe ka Ndege Yamagetsi

Apa ndi pomwe kapangidwe ka PCB kamakhala mtundu waluso.

• Njira Zamakono: Ma traces omwe ali ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yapamwamba (kuchokera ku batri yolowera kupita ku ma FET kupita ku zotulutsa zamagalimoto) ayenera kukhala zazifupi, zazikulu, komanso zokhuthalaMa ESC ambiri apamwamba amagwiritsa ntchito Zigawo zamkuwa za 2oz kapena 3oz kuchepetsa kukana ndikuwongolera kutentha komwe kumataya.
• Zoyeretsera Zochotsera Ma Capacitor: Kuyika ndi mtengo wa ma capacitor sizingatheke kukambirana. chojambulira chachikulu pa choloweracho chimatsitsa mphamvu ya batri, pomwe chimachepetsa mphamvu ya batri ma capacitor a ceramic Kuyikidwa pafupi kwambiri ndi ma FET kumaletsa phokoso la ma frequency apamwamba. Kusankha kosayenera kwa capacitor kapena malo ake ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha kusokonekera kwa ma voltage ndi kukwera kwa magetsi owononga.
• Kusamalira Kutentha: PCB yokha ndi heatsink. Mapepala amkuwa owonekera pansi pa MOSFET, yolumikizidwa ku ndege yapansi kudzera ma thermal vias, ndizofunikira kwambiri pochotsa kutentha kuchokera ku zigawo zake ndikulowa mumlengalenga kapena heatsink yakunja.

D. Zina Zowonjezera

• Sensa Yamakono: Chip yapadera yoyezera mphamvu yamagetsi nthawi yeniyeni, yofunikira pa telemetry ndi kasamalidwe ka batri.
• Kulemba Mabokosi Akuda: Ma ESC ena amatha kusunga deta ya ndege mkati, chida chamtengo wapatali chothandizira kukonza zolakwika ndikusintha.
• Ma ESC 4-mu-1 motsutsana ndi Single ESCs: ESC ya 4-in-1 imagwirizanitsa ma ESC anayi pa PCB imodzi, zomwe zimasunga malo ndi kulemera. Ma ESC amodzi ndi osavuta kusintha pambuyo poti ngozi yagwa. Kusankhaku kumakhudza kusinthasintha kwa kapangidwe ka PCB konse.

Kugwirizana ndi Wopanga PCBA Woyenera

Pa ntchito yapadera, simukungogula chinthu chokhacho, koma mukufunsira mnzanu wopanga. Nazi zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana:

• Chidziwitso ndi Mapangidwe Opangidwa ndi Ma Frequency Apamwamba, Amphamvu Kwambiri: Si opanga ma PCB onse omwe amamvetsetsa zovuta zapadera za kapangidwe ka ESC. Funsani zitsanzo za ntchito yawo mu zamagetsi zamagetsi.
• Kusankha Zinthu: Ayenera kupereka malangizo pa zipangizo zoyenera monga ma PCB a TG170-180 kuti azitha kupirira kutentha kwambiri komanso kuti azigwira ntchito bwino mkuwa wokhuthala.
• Mphamvu Zopangira: Ayenera kukhala ndi luso lolondola kuti ayike zinthu zazing'ono (monga 0201 resistors/capacitors) molondola ndikugwira ntchito yosokera zinthu zazikulu zotentha (MOSFETs) popanda kuwononga.
• Kuyesa ndi Kulamulira Ubwino (QC): Funsani za ma protocol awo a QC. Kuyesa kwa Flying Probe ndi kocheperako. Pazomanga zapamwamba, kuyesa kogwira ntchito komwe kuli ndi katundu ndikofunikira kwambiri.
• Chithandizo cha Kapangidwe ka Kupanga Zinthu (DFM): Wopanga wabwino adzawunikanso mafayilo anu a Gerber ndikupereka ndemanga kuti akonze bwino ntchito ndi kudalirika, ndikupeza mavuto omwe angakhalepo asanayambe kupanga.

Mndandanda Wothandiza Wofufuza Zomwe Mungachite Posankha

Maziko a Ndege

Kusankha ESC PCB yoyenera ndi ndalama zambiri pakugwira ntchito ndi kukhulupirika kwa quadcopter yanu yapadera. Ndi chisankho chomwe chimaphatikiza uinjiniya wamagetsi, thermodynamics, ndi kupanga kolondola. Mwa kusuntha kupitirira zomwe zimangofunikira ndikumvetsetsa chifukwa chake zinthu zimasankhidwa ndi kapangidwe kake, mumadzipatsa mphamvu yosankha kapena kupanga bolodi lomwe silili gawo lokha, komanso mtima wolimba komanso wochita bwino kwambiri wa ndege yanu.

Musasiye kapangidwe kanu mwangozi. Gwirizanani ndi wopanga PCBA amene amalankhula chilankhulo cha magwiridwe antchito ndi kulondola.

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