Uburyo bwo guhitamo ESC PCB ikwiye kuri Quadcopter yawe yihariye | Ubuyobozi bw'impuguke

Ibikubiye muri iyi nyandiko

• Intangiriro
• Imikorere y'ingenzi: ESC PCB ikora iki?
• Gusenya ESC PCB: Ibice by'ingenzi n'ingaruka zabyo
• Gukorana n'Uruganda rwa PCBA rukwiye
• Urutonde rw'Ibikorwa Bifatika ku Inzira Uhitamo
• Ishingiro ry'Ingendo

Mu isi yo kubaka quadcopter yihariye, ibyishimo biri mu gukuramo buri garama y'imikorere ya mashini yawe. Nubwo ibyuma, moteri, na za propeller bibona icyubahiro kinini, abapilote b'inararibonye bazi ko intwari nyakuri itaramenyekana—kandi ikintu gikunze kunanirwa—ari Electronic Speed ​​Controller (ESC) Printed Circuit Board (PCB).

Guhitamo ESC idakenewe ni ikintu kimwe, ariko gushushanya cyangwa guhitamo ESC PCBA (Igiterane cyacapwe) ni umukino utandukanye. Ni icyemezo cy'ingenzi gitegeka ubwizerwe, uburyo bwo gusubiza ibintu, n'imbaraga za nyuma za quad yawe. Iyi mfashanyigisho izagenzura mu buryo bwa tekiniki bwa ESC PCB, iguhe ububasha bwo gufata ibyemezo bisobanutse neza ku nyubako yawe itaha ifite imikorere myiza.

Imikorere y'ingenzi: ESC PCB ikora iki?

Mbere yo gusuzuma ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa uruhare rwa ESC. Ikora nk'umuhuza hagati y'icyuma kigenzura indege (ubwonko) na moteri zidafite uburoso (imitsi). Imirimo yayo y'ingenzi ni:

• Guhindura amashanyarazi: Ihindura vuba umuvuduko mwinshi uva kuri batiri ujya kuri moteri mu byiciro bitatu (A, B, C) kugira ngo ikore imbaraga za rukuruzi zizenguruka.
• Itumanaho: Isobanura ibimenyetso biva kuri mashini igenzura indege (ubusanzwe PWM, DShot, cyangwa Proshot protocols) kugira ngo imenye umuvuduko wa moteri ukenewe.
• Telemetri: ESC zigezweho zitanga amakuru y’ibitekerezo (RPM, amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe) ku igenzura ry’indege kugira ngo rigenzurwe kandi rikurikiranwe.

PCB ni inkingi ifata ibice byose bituma iyi mikorere ikora. Imiterere yayo igira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere myiza, gushonga k'ubushyuhe, n'urusaku rw'amashanyarazi rwa sisitemu yose.

Gusenya ESC PCB: Ibice by'ingenzi n'ingaruka zabyo

PCB ya ESC ifite imikorere yo hejuru si ikibaho gifite ibice gusa; ni sisitemu yakozwe neza.

A. MOSFET (Amashanyarazi)

Icyo ari cyo: Transistors z'ingufu z'umugezi zikoresha icyuma, okiside, semiconductor ni zo zikora akazi ko guhangana n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo:

• RDS (IYOHEREJE): Uku ni ukurwanya iyo FET itangiye. Hasi ni byiza kurushaho. RDS (ON) nkeya bivuze ko ingufu nke zipfa ubusa nk'ubushyuhe, bigatuma moteri zawe zigira umusaruro mwinshi kandi zikaba nyinshi.
• Igipimo cy'ingufu: Igomba kurenza ingufu za bateri yawe neza (urugero, 30V-40V FET kuri 6S LiPo ~25.2V). Ingano z'amashanyarazi menshi zitanga ingano y'umutekano ku kwiyongera kwa amashanyarazi.
• Uburyo bwo Gukoresha Ubu: Ingano y'umuvuduko uhoraho kandi uhindagurika igomba guhaza ibyifuzo bya moteri zawe mu gihe ziremereye cyane.
• Umuvuduko wo guhinduranya: Guhinduranya byihuse bituma habaho frequencies nyinshi za PWM, bigatuma moteri ikora neza. Ariko, bigomba gucungwa kugira ngo hirindwe ihungabana ry’amashanyarazi (EMI).

B. Igice cya Microcontroller (MCU - Ubwonko)

Icyo ari cyo: Poroseseri ikoresha firmware ya ESC (urugero, BLHeli_32, AM32, KISS).

Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo:

• Ingufu zo Gutunganya: MCU zigezweho za 32-bit (nka ARM Cortex-M0) zasimbuye cyane utumashini twa kera twa 8-bit. Zikoresha ibikoresho bigezweho: ubwiyongere bwo kuvugurura (DShot1200), algorithms zigezweho (RPM filtering), na telemetry, byose bigira uruhare mu gutuma amavuta aguruka neza no kugenzura neza.
• Guhuza imikorere ya firmware: Guhitamo kwawe kwa MCU ni byo bizagena firmware ushobora gukoresha. Menya neza ko uwakoze porogaramu ashobora gushaka MCU zishyigikiwe na firmware wifuza.

C. Imiterere n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'indege y'amashanyarazi

Aha niho igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB gihinduka ishusho y'ubuhanzi.

• Inzira zigezweho: Imirongo itwara umuriro mwinshi (kuva ku kwinjira kwa bateri kugeza kuri FET kugeza ku musaruro wa moteri) igomba kuba ngufi, nini, kandi niniESC nyinshi zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zikoresha Uduce tw'umuringa twa oz 2 cyangwa 3oz kugabanya ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubushyuhe no kunoza uburyo ubushyuhe bushira.
• Ibikoresho byo gukuraho imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi: Aho capacitors zishyirwa n'agaciro kazo ntabwo bishobora kuganirwaho. capacitor nini ku injira bigabanya ingufu za bateri, mu gihe bito capacitors za ceramic Ishyirwa hafi cyane ya FETs igabanya urusaku rw'amajwi menshi. Guhitamo nabi capacitor cyangwa gushyiramo ibintu nabi ni byo bituma habaho kutumvikana no kwangiza amashanyarazi.
• Imicungire y'ubushyuhe: PCB ubwayo ni icyuma gishyushya. Imigozi y'umuringa yagaragaye munsi ya MOSFET, ihujwe n'ikirere cyo hasi binyuze inzira z'ubushyuhe, ni ingenzi mu gukura ubushyuhe mu bice biyigize no mu kirere cyangwa mu cyuma gishyushya cyo hanze.

D. Ibindi Bintu Bitandukanye

• Sensor igezweho: Chip yihariye yo gupima amashanyarazi mu gihe nyacyo, ni ingenzi mu gucunga telemetri no gucunga batiri.
• Gushyira mu bikorwa agasanduku k'umukara: ESC zimwe na zimwe zishobora kubika amakuru y’indege imbere, igikoresho cy’agaciro mu gukemura ibibazo no gutunganya amakuru.
• ESC 4 kuri 1 ugereranije na ESC imwe: ESC ya 4-muri-1 ihuza ESC enye kuri PCB imwe, bigatuma umwanya n'uburemere bigabanuka. ESC imwe ni modular kandi yoroshye kuyisimbura nyuma yo kugwa. Amahitamo agira ingaruka ku buryo PCB yose iteye.

Gukorana n'Uruganda rwa PCBA rukwiye

Ku mushinga wihariye, ntuba uguze igice gusa, ahubwo uba urimo gushaka umufatanyabikorwa mu gukora. Dore icyo ugomba kureba:

• Ubunararibonye mu gukora ibishushanyo mbonera bigezweho kandi bigezweho: Abakora PCB bose ntibasobanukiwe imbogamizi zidasanzwe zo gushushanya ESC. Baza ingero z'akazi kabo mu by'ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ingufu.
• Guhitamo Ibikoresho: Bagomba gutanga inama ku bikoresho bikwiye nka TG170-180 PCB kugira ngo bashobore kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ibice by'umuringa binini.
• Ubushobozi bwo guteranya: Zigomba kuba zifite ubuhanga bwo gushyiramo ibice bito (nk'ibirwanya/capacitors bya 0201) neza kandi zigafata neza uburyo ibice binini by'ubushyuhe (MOSFETs) bitagize icyo byangiza.
• Isuzuma n'Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge (QC): Baza amakuru yerekeye protocole zabo za QC. Gupima indege mu buryo bwa "Flying Probe" ni ngombwa cyane. Ku bikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, gupima imikorere biri munsi y'umutwaro ni byiza cyane.
• Inkunga yo Gushushanya Ikoranabuhanga (DFM): Uruganda rwiza ruzasuzuma dosiye za Gerber yawe kandi rutange ibitekerezo kugira ngo rwongere umusaruro n'ubwizerwe, rufate ibibazo bishobora kubaho mbere yuko zijya mu musaruro.

Urutonde rw'Ibikorwa Bifatika ku Inzira Uhitamo

Ishingiro ry'Ingendo

Guhitamo ESC PCB ikwiye ni ishoramari rikomeye mu mikorere n'ubuziranenge bwa quadcopter yawe yihariye. Ni icyemezo gihuza ubuhanga bw'amashanyarazi, thermodynamics, n'inganda zikora neza. Mu kurenga ibipimo gusa no gusobanukirwa impamvu inyuma yo guhitamo no gushyiraho ibice, uba ufite ububasha bwo guhitamo cyangwa gushushanya ikibaho kitari igice gusa, ahubwo ari umutima ukomeye kandi ukora neza w'indege yawe.

Ntureke inyubako yawe ikoreshwe ku bw'impanuka. Fatanya n'uruganda rwa PCBA ruvuga ururimi rw'imikorere n'ubuhanga.

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