Maitiro Ekugadzira SMT Anotsanangurwa Zvizere: Kubva Pabhodhi Risina Chinhu Kusvika Pachigadzirwa Chekupedzisira
Nhanganyaya: Kukosha kwekunzwisisa maitiro eSMT Assembly
Tekinoroji yeSurface Mount (SMT) ndiyo hwaro hwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi kwemazuva ano. Inogonesa kuiswa kwezvikamu nekukurumidza uye nemazvo zvakananga pamusoro pemabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa (PCBs). Sezvo zvishandiso zvichiva zvidiki, zvine simba, uye zvakabatana, maitiro eSMT anofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kusingachinjiki, kushivirira kwakasimba, uye mhando yepamusoro yekusonesa.
Ungave uri mainjiniya wekugadzira ari kugadzirira kugadzirwa kwehuwandu, nyanzvi yekutenga zvinhu inoongorora vatengesi veEMS, kana mainjiniya wepamusoro anotarisisa zvibereko, kunzwisisa maitiro ese eSMT kwakakosha.
Chinyorwa chino chinopa tsananguro yakazara yemutsetse wekugadzira weSMT, kubva panguva iyo bhodhi risina chinhu rinopinda mumutsetse kusvika parinozova PCBA yakaedzwa zvizere, yakagadzirira kutumirwa.
Danho 1: Kugamuchira, Kubika, uye Kugadzirira PCB
Usati wapinda mumutsetse weSMT, maPCB asina chinhu anofanira kuongororwa nemaziso uye nehukuru, kunyanya pamabhodhi ane mafrequency akawanda, akawanda, kana HDI. Zvikamu zvakakosha zvinosanganisira warpage, oxidation pamusoro pemapedhi, uye ukobvu hwebhodhi.
Kunzwa kwehunyoro: Ma laminate ane Tg yakawanda kana PTFE anonyanya kunyorova. Kubika pa 105–125°C kwemaawa 4–12 (sekutevedzera gwara reIPC) kunodzivirira kucheka, kutsemuka, uye kudonha kwevhu panguva yekubuda kwemvura.
Danho rechipiri: Kudhinda Solder Paste
Solder paste, inowanzo gadzirwa nesimbi ine 90% uye 10% flux, inodhindwa pamaPCB pads akavhurika uchishandisa stencil yesimbi isina ngura chaiyo.
- Ukobvu hweStencil: 100–150 microns zvichienderana nekukwirira kwechinhu
- Dhizaini yeStencil: Saizi yeAperture, zviyero zvekuderedza mapedhi, step-downs
- MaParamita ekudhinda: Kumhanya kweSqueegee, kumanikidzwa, kumhanya kwekuparadzanisa
- Rudzi rweNamatidza: Rudzi rwechitatu rwemhando yepamusoro, Rudzi rwechina kana rweshanu rwekupinza zvinyoro nyoro kana micro-BGA
Kudhinda nemazvo paste yekusonesa kwakakosha kuti pave nekunyorovesa kwakafanana uye kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvakaita sekubatanidza maburi, kusakwana kwesonesa, uye kutema matombo.
Danho rechitatu: Kuongorora Solder Paste (SPI)
Masisitimu eSPI anoshanda otomatiki anoshandisa 2D kana 3D laser triangulation kuyera:
- Kureba kwenamatidza
- Kuenderana kwevhoriyamu
- Kurongeka kwe offset ne stencil
- Kuonekwa kwebhiriji uye kufungidzira kusina chinhu
Ma-SPI akakosha pakudzora maitiro ekutanga, zvichideredza kupararira kwezvikanganiso mumutsara.
Danho rechina: Sarudza uye Isa Nekukurumidza
Sisitimu yekusarudza-ne-kuisa inoisa zvikamu zveSMT pamapedhi akafukidzwa nesolder paste. Masisitimu emazuva ano anogona kubata:
- Zvikamu zvisingashande zvidiki se01005
- MaIC ane mapakeji eQFN, LGA, uye BGA ane hunhu hwakanaka
- Zvikamu zvine chimiro chisina kujairika zvine maalgorithms ekuona akagadzirwa
- Kuiswa kwemativi ekumusoro nepasi panguva imwe chete
Zvaunofanira Kufunga Nezvekutarisira Zvikamu:
- Rudzi rwechikafu: Reel, tray, stick
- Kuongororwa kwechiono chekutarisa kutenderera uye kurongeka
- Kureba uye kudzora coplanarity
- Dziviriro yemagetsi panguva yekutorwa
Michina yakaita seYamaha, Panasonic, kana Juki inogona kusvika pakumhanya kwekuisa zvinhu kupfuura 80,000 CPH nekunyatsorongeka kuri nani kupfuura ±30 microns.
Danho rechishanu: Kudzoreredza Kubatanidza
Mabhodhi zvino anopinda muovheni inodzokororwa, ine nzvimbo dzinosvika gumi dzinodzorwa nekupisa. Nzvimbo yega yega inobatsira kusvitsa bhodhi panzvimbo yekunyunguduka zvishoma nezvishoma, yozoritonhodza pasina kukonzera kushushikana kwekupisa.
- Nzvimbo yekupisa: 80–150°C
- Nzvimbo yekunyorovesa: 150–180°C kuti ishande pakunyorovesa
- Nzvimbo Yepamusoro Yekuyererazve: 230–250°C (zvichienderana nearuni yekusonesa)
- Nzvimbo Inotonhorera: Inodzika nekukurumidza kusvika pasi pe180°C kuti pave nemajoini akasimba
Musangano wega wega wePCB unofanirwa kuongororwa nekupisa kuti ugadzirise curve zvichienderana nekuunganidzwa kwezvinhu, huwandu hwezvikamu, uye kunyudzwa kwekupisa kwe substrate.
Danho rechitanhatu: Otomatiki Optical Inspection (AOI)
Mushure mekudzokororwazve, michina yeAOI inoenzanisa mufananidzo webhodhi rakasungirirwa panguva chaiyo nereferensi yegoridhe.
- Polarity uye kurongeka
- Kuvapo uye kusavapo
- Zvidimbu zve lead solder
- Macircuit mapfupi, marobhoti akasimudzwa, uye majoini anotonhora
MaAOI emazuva ano anoshandisa makamera ane makona akawanda, 3D modeling, uye machine learning kuti avandudze mwero wekuona, kunyanya kune marongero ehuwandu hwevanhu.
Danho rechinomwe: Kuongororwa kweX-Ray kwemapakeji akaomarara
Zvikamu zvakaita seBGAs, LGAs, uye QFNs zvine majoini e solder akavanzika pasi pepakeji. Kuongororwa kweX-ray kunogonesa:
- Kuongororwa kwekunyorovesa bhora reSolder
- Kuonekwa kusina chinhu mumagetsi nemapasi pedhi
- Kuongororwa kwekufukidza kwemafuta ekupisa
- Bhiriji uye kuzivikanwa kupfupi
Kuongororwa kwe3D CT kunowanikwa kuti kuongorore chikonzero chepakutanga uye kuferefeta kukundikana.
Danho rechisere: Kuongorora nemaoko uye Kugadzirisazve
Kunyangwe mumitsetse inoshanda otomatiki, kupindira kwevanhu kunodiwa kune:
- Kuongorora zvinoonekwa uchishandisa maikorosikopu
- Kubatanidza nesimbi
- Kutsiva zvinhu zvakachekwa kana kuti zvisina kumira zvakanaka
- Kugadzirisa BGA uchishandisa nzvimbo dzekugadzirisa mhepo inopisa
Kugadziriswa patsva kunofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yeIPC-7711/21 uye kunyoreswa muhurongwa hwekutevedza.
Danho 9: Bvunzo yeMukati meCircuit (ICT) uye Bvunzo yeKushanda (FCT)
Kuedzwa kunovimbisa kushanda zvakanaka kwechigadzirwa uye kuvimbika kwacho usati waendesa.
Zvinhu zveICT:
- Inoyera kuramba, capacitance, voltage
- Inoona zvinhu zvakavhurika, zvipfupi, zvisipo, kana zvisiri izvo
- Yakagadzirwa nechinhu, uchishandisa kubata nzara
Zvimiro zveFCT:
- Inotevedzera maitiro ezvigadzirwa zvepasirese
- Inotaura ne microcontrollers kana masensa
- Zvinogona kusanganisira UART, I2C, SPI, kana CAN interface testing
Danho regumi: Kugadzira Kwekupedzisira, Kunyora, uye Kurongedza
Kana bvunzo dzemagetsi dzapera, bhodhi rinoenderera mberi nematanho ekupedzisira:
- Kuisa chinongedzo uye kubatana kwetambo
- Kuiswa kwenzvimbo yakavharirwa kana kuti kuputira kwakafanana
- Kuchenesa ne ultrasonic kana solvent (hazvina basa kuti uchenese)
- Kunyora neLaser kana kunyora mabhacode
- Kurongedza kusingachinjiki uye kunyora mazita kwakagadzirirwa
Vanopa EMS vane hunyanzvi vanopa ruzivo rwakakwana rwekutevera nhamba, nhamba ye serial, kana kuti chikamu chimwe nechimwe, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neindasitiri.
SMT Assembly Ndiyo Bhiriji Kubva Pakugadzira Kuenda Kukushanda
Kuungana kweSMT inzira yakaoma inoda kudzorwa kwakanyatsojeka, kugara uchitarisa, uye hunyanzvi hwekushandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Danho rega rega—kubva pakuiswa kwepaste kusvika pakuongorora uye kurongedza kwekupedzisira—rinofanira kugadziriswa kuti rive nechokwadi chekuti rakavimbika uye rinoshanda.
PaRich Full Joy, tinotsigira maPCB ane mafrequency akawanda, kumhanya kwakanyanya, akawanda-layer, uye akakosha nebasa rine:
- Midziyo yeSMT yepamusoro uye kugadziridzazve mafambiro emvura
- Ruzivo rweBGA, QFN, uye RF module
- Kugona kwekushandisa X-Ray, AOI, SPI, uye ICT/FCT mukati
- Nguva pfupi dzekutungamira uye ma prototypes asina huwandu hwakanyanya
- Kudyidzana kwenguva refu muindasitiri yendege, telecom, zvekurapa, uye zvemotokari
Uri kutsvaga mubatsiri weSMT wehunyanzvi hwechigadzirwa chako chinotevera? Bata timu yedu yeinjiniya nhasi kuti uwane ongororo yeDFM yemahara uye mutengo wekukurumidza.
