Te Whakamārama Katoa o te Tukanga Huihuinga SMT: Mai i te Papa Tahanga ki te Hua Whakamutunga
Kupu Whakataki: Te Hiranga o te Mārama ki te Tukanga Huihuinga SMT
Ko te Hangarau Maunga Mata (SMT) te tūāpapa o te hanga hiko hou. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakanoho tere me te tino tika o ngā wāhanga ki runga i te mata o ngā papa hiko tā (PCB). I te mea ka nui haere te kiato, te kaha, me te whakauru i ngā mahi a ngā taputapu, me whakarite e ngā tukanga SMT te pono, te pumau o ngā ātete, me te kounga pai o te whakapiri.
Ahakoa he kaihoahoa koe e whakarite ana mō te whakaputa rahinga, he tohunga hokohoko rānei e arotake ana i ngā kaihoko EMS, he miihini kounga rānei e aroturuki ana i ngā hua, he mea nui te mārama ki te tukanga SMT katoa.
Kei roto i tēnei tuhinga he aratohu whānui mō te raina whakaputa SMT, mai i te wā e uru mai ai te papa tahanga ki te raina tae noa ki te wā e waiho ai hei PCBA kua whakamatautauria katoatia, kua rite mō te tuku.
Hipanga 1: Te Whiwhi PCB, te Tunu, me te Whakarite
I mua i te urunga ki te raina SMT, me tirotirohia ngā PCB tahanga, me te tirohanga me te rahi, inā koa mō ngā papa auau-teitei, paparanga maha, papa HDI rānei. Ko ngā tawhā matua ko te piko, te waikura i runga i ngā mata o te papa, me te matotoru o te papa.
Te aro ki te makuku: He tairongo ki te makuku ngā paparanga he nui te Tg, he PTFE rānei. Mā te tunu i mua i te tunu ki te 105–125°C mō ngā hāora 4–12 (e ai ki ngā aratohu IPC) ka ārai i te wehewehenga, ngā kapiti moroiti, me ngā āputa i te wā e rere anō ana.
Hipanga 2: Te Tānga i te Whakapiri Konukōre
Ko te whakapiri konukōre, he mea hanga i te 90% o te konganuku me te 10% o te rere, ka tāia ki runga i ngā papa PCB kua kitea mā te whakamahi i tētahi tauira maitai kore waikura tino tika.
- Matotoru o te Tānga: 100–150 maikorona i runga i te teitei o te wāhanga
- Hoahoa Tānga: Rahi o te whakatuwheratanga, ōwehenga whakaiti papa, whakahekenga
- Ngā Tawhā Tā: Te tere o te squeegee, te pēhanga, te tere wehenga
- Momo Whakapiri: Momo 3 mō te paerewa, Momo 4, 5 rānei mō te oro pai, te oro iti rānei
He mea nui te tā tika o te whakapiri whakarewa kia ōrite ai te makuku me te ārai i ngā hapa pēnei i te hononga, te korenga o te whakarewa, me te tāpaetanga o ngā urupā.
Hipanga 3: Tirotiro i te Whakapiri Whakakotahi (SPI)
Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha SPI aunoa te tapatoru taiaho 2D, 3D rānei hei ine i:
- Teitei whakapiri
- Te ōritetanga o te rōrahi
- Te whakarite i te whakarerekētanga me te tauira
- Te kimi piriti me te aromatawai i te korenga o te piriti
He mea nui ngā SPI mō te whakahaere wawe i ngā tukanga, kia whakaitihia ai te horapa o ngā hapa a muri ake nei.
Hipanga 4: Te Kōwhiri me te Whakatakoto Tere-Teitei
Mā te pūnaha tiki-ā-whakanoho ka whakairihia ngā wāhanga SMT ki runga i ngā papa kua hipokina ki te whakapiri whakapiri. Ka taea e ngā pūnaha hou te whakahaere i:
- Ngā wāhanga kore mahi he iti noa iho i te 01005
- Ngā IC me ngā mōkihi QFN, LGA, me BGA fine-pitch
- Ngā wāhanga āhua rerekē me ngā rauropi tirohanga ritenga
- Te whakatakotoranga o te taha o runga me te taha o raro i te wā kotahi
Ngā Whakaaro mō te Whakahaere i ngā Wāhanga:
- Momo whāngai: Rīra, paepae, rākau
- Te tirotiro tirohanga mō te hurihanga me te whakatikatika
- Te mana whakahaere teitei me te papatahi
- Te tiaki hiko i te wā e kohia ana
Ka taea e ngā mīhini pēnei i a Yamaha, Panasonic, Juki rānei te eke ki te tere whakatakotoranga neke atu i te 80,000 CPH me te tika ake i te ±30 maikorona.
Hipanga 5: Te Whakarewatanga o te Hononga
Ka uru ngā papa ki te oumu whakahou, e whakaatu ana i te 10 ngā rohe pāmahana e whakahaeretia ana. Ko ia rohe he mea hei kawe mārire i te papa ki te taumata rewa, kātahi ka whakamatao me te kore e puta he ahotea wera.
- Rohe Whakamahana: 80–150°C
- Rohe Whakamākū: 150–180°C mō te whakahohenga rerenga
- Rohe Tihi Rere: 230–250°C (i runga i te koranu honohono)
- Rohe Whakamatao: Heke tere ki raro i te 180°C hei hanga hononga pumau
Me tirotirohia te wera o ia huihuinga PCB kia rite ai te pihi i runga i te puranga rauemi, te mātotoru o ngā wāhanga, me te mimiti wera o te papa.
Hipanga 6: Tirotiro Whatu Aunoa (AOI)
I muri i te reflow, ka whakataurite ngā mīhini AOI i te ahua o te papa whakapiripiri wā-tūturu ki tētahi tohutoro koura.
- Te āhua me te aronga
- Te aroaro me te ngaro
- Ngā poro whakarewa mata
- Ngā ara iahiko poto, ngā taura kua hikitia, me ngā hononga makariri
Ka whakamahia e ngā AOI hou ngā kāmera maha-koki, te whakatauira 3D, me te ako mīhini hei whakapai ake i ngā reiti kitenga, inā koa mō ngā tahora kiato-tiketike.
Hipanga 7: Tirotiro X-Ray mō ngā Mōkihi Uaua
Kei raro i te takai he hononga tūhono huna mō ngā wāhanga pēnei i ngā BGA, ngā LGA, me ngā QFN. Mā te tirotiro hihi-X ka taea:
- Manatoko mākū o te pōro honohono
- Te kimi koretake i roto i ngā papa hiko me te papa whenua
- Te tātaritanga o te taupoki papa wera
- Piriti me te tautuhi poto
Kei te wātea te matawai CT 3D mō te tātaritanga pūtake me te rapunga i ngā take o te rahunga.
Hipanga 8: Tirotiro ā-ringa me te Mahi Anō
Ahakoa i roto i ngā raina aunoa, me wawao te tangata mō:
- Tirotiro tirohanga i raro i ngā karuārai
- Te whakapiripiri-ake
- Te whakakapi i ngā wāhanga kua kōhatuhia ki te kohatu urupā, kua hē rānei te tūnga
- Te mahi anō i te BGA mā te whakamahi i ngā teihana mahi anō hau wera
Me whai ngā mahi anō i ngā paerewa IPC-7711/21, ā, me tuhi hoki ki te pūnaha whaiwhai.
Hipanga 9: Whakamātautau Porowhita-ā-roto (ICT) me te Whakamātautau Mahi (FCT)
Mā te whakamātautau ka whakarite kia whai hua me te pono o te hua i mua i te tukunga.
Ngā Āhuatanga Hangarau Mōhiohio:
- Ine i te ātete, te kaha, te ngaohiko
- Ka kitea ngā wāhanga tuwhera, poto, ngaro, hē rānei
- He mea hanga ki te taura, mā te whakamahi i te hononga o ngā whao
Ngā Āhuatanga o te FCT:
- Ka whakatauira i te whanonga o ngā hua o te ao tūturu
- Whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki ngā pūmana iti, ki ngā pūoko rānei
- Ka taea te whakauru i te whakamātautau atanga UART, I2C, SPI, CAN rānei
Hipanga 10: Te Huihuinga Whakamutunga, te Tapanga, me te Tākai
Kia oti ngā whakamātautau hiko, ka haere tonu te poari ki ngā mahi whakamutunga:
- Te whakamau hononga me te here taura
- Te tāutanga o te whare herehere, te paninga āhua rite rānei
- Horoi ultrasonic, horoi whakarewa rānei (kāore e hiahiatia he horoi)
- Te tohu taiaho, te tapanga waeherepae rānei
- Te takai ārai-pūmau me te tapanga ritenga
Ka tukuna e ngā kaiwhakarato EMS matatau te whai i te katoa mō ia rota, mō ia tau rangatū, mō ia waeine rānei, i runga i ngā paerewa ahumahi.
Ko te Huihuinga SMT te Piriti mai i te Hoahoa ki te Mahi
He tukanga matatini te huihuinga SMT e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere tika, te aroturuki tonu, me te tohungatanga mahi-maha. Me arotau ia wāhanga—mai i te whakatakotoranga whakapiri ki te tirotiro me te takai whakamutunga—kia mau tonu ai te pono me te mahi.
I Rich Full Joy, ka tautoko mātou i ngā PCB auau-teitei, tere-teitei, paparanga-maha, me ngā PCB tino hirahira me:
- Ngā taputapu SMT matatau me te whakatauira rerenga anō
- He wheako ki te BGA, QFN, me te kōwae RF
- Ngā āheinga X-Ray, AOI, SPI, me te ICT/FCT o roto
- He poto ngā wā arahi me ngā tauira iti te rahinga
- Ngā hononga mahi roa puta noa i ngā ahumahi rererangi, waea whakawhitiwhiti, hauora, me te motuka
Kei te rapu hoa SMT ngaio mō tō hua e whai ake nei? Whakapā mai ki tā mātou tīma hangarau i tēnei rā mō tētahi arotake DFM kore utu me tētahi whakatau utu tere.
