Uburyo bwo guteranya SMT bwasobanuwe neza: Kuva ku ibahasha ridafite ibara kugeza ku gicuruzwa cya nyuma

Intangiriro: Akamaro ko gusobanukirwa inzira yo guteranya SMT

Ikoranabuhanga rya Surface Mount (SMT) ni ryo shingiro ry’inganda zigezweho zikora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga. Rituma ibice by’ibikoresho bishyirwa ku buso bw’amabati yacapwe (PCBs) mu buryo bwihuta kandi bunoze. Uko ibikoresho bigenda birushaho kuba bito, bikomeye, kandi bihuzwa n’imikorere, inzira za SMT zigomba kwemeza ko ari inyangamugayo, koroherana cyane, kandi ko bifite ireme ryiza ryo gusora.

Waba uri injeniyeri mu by’igishushanyo mbonera witegura gukora ingano y’ibikoresho, inzobere mu gutanga amasoko isuzuma abacuruzi ba EMS, cyangwa injeniyeri ukurikirana umusaruro w’ubwiza, gusobanukirwa inzira yose ya SMT ni ngombwa.

Iyi nkuru itanga incamake yuzuye y’umurongo wa SMT ukora, kuva aho ikibaho cyuzuye cyinjiye mu murongo kugeza aho kiba PCBA yageragejwe neza kandi yiteguye gutangwa.

Intambwe ya 1: Kwakira, Guteka, no Gutegura PCB

Mbere yo kwinjira mu murongo wa SMT, PCB zidafite ibara zigomba gusuzumwa mu buryo bw'amaso no mu buryo bw'ibipimo, cyane cyane ku mbaho ​​zifite frequency nyinshi, multilayer, cyangwa HDI. Ibipimo by'ingenzi birimo warpage, oxidation ku buso bwa pad, n'ubugari bw'imbaho.

Uburyo bworoshye bwo kuvura ubushuhe: Laminate ifite Tg nyinshi cyangwa PTFE ntishobora kwangirika ku bushyuhe. Guteka mbere kuri 105–125°C mu gihe cy'amasaha 4–12 (nk'uko amabwiriza ya IPC abivuga) birinda gucikamo ibice, kwangirika no kubura umwuka mu gihe cyo kongera gusohoka.

Intambwe ya 2: Gucapa Solder Paste

Ifu ikoze mu cyuma gikozwe muri solder, ubusanzwe igizwe na 90% by'icyuma gikozwe muri aloyi na 10% by'amazi, icapwa ku dupapuro twa PCB twagaragaye hakoreshejwe stencil y'icyuma gikozwe muri stainless.

• Ubunini bwa Stencil: mikoroni 100–150 bitewe n'uburyo igice cyayo giteye
• Igishushanyo cya Stencil: Ingano y'aho ufungura, ingano y'aho ugabanya pad, ingano y'intambwe
• Ibipimo byo gucapa: Umuvuduko wa Squeegee, igitutu, umuvuduko wo gutandukanya
• Ubwoko bwa Paste: Ubwoko bwa 3 kuri buri gipimo, Ubwoko bwa 4 cyangwa 5 kuri fine-pitch cyangwa micro-BGA

Gucapa neza imashini zikoreshwa mu gusoda ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo habeho kunywesha neza no gukumira inenge nko gushyiramo uduce duto, gusoda bidahagije, no gusiga imva.

Intambwe ya 3: Igenzura rya Solder Paste (SPI)

Sisitemu za SPI zikoresha uburyo bwikora zikoresha 2D cyangwa 3D laser triangulation kugira ngo zipime:

• Uburebure bwo gukaranga
• Ubwinshi bw'ingano
• Gutunganya stencil no kuyitunganya
• Gutahura ikiraro n'igereranya ry'ubusa

SPI ni ingenzi mu kugenzura ibikorwa hakiri kare, bigabanye ikwirakwira ry'ibisembwa mu gihe kizaza.

Intambwe ya 4: Guhitamo no Gushyiramo mu buryo bwihuse

Sisitemu yo gutoranya no gushyiramo ibice bya SMT ishyirwa ku dupapuro dupfundikiyeho irangi. Sisitemu zigezweho zishobora gukora:

• Ibice bidafite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu bito cyane nka 01005
• Imashini zikoresha uburyo bwa "IC" zifite uburyo bwa "QFN", "LGA", na "BGA"
• Ibice bifite ishusho idasanzwe bifite algorithme yihariye yo kureba
• Gushyira ku ruhande rwo hejuru n'urwo hasi icyarimwe

Ibitekerezo ku bijyanye no gucunga ibice:

• Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo kugaburira: Ireli, isahani, inkoni
• Igenzura ry'amaso kugira ngo harebwe uko ibintu bizunguruka kandi bihuzwa
• Kugenzura uburebure n'ubushobozi bw'ibipimo
• Uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi mu gihe cyo gufata

Imashini nka Yamaha, Panasonic, cyangwa Juki zishobora kugera ku muvuduko wo gushyiramo urenga 80.000 CPH mu buryo bunoze kurusha mikoroni ± 30.

Intambwe ya 5: Guhindura imiterere y'amazi

Ubu imbaho ​​zinjira mu itanura risubiramo amazi, rifite uturere tugera ku 10 tugenzurwa n'ubushyuhe. Buri gace gafasha kugeza imbaho ​​ku rugero rwo gushonga, hanyuma kagakonjesha nta gushyuha gukabije.

• Agace k'ubushyuhe: 80–150°C
• Agace ko kwibiramo: 150–180°C kugira ngo flux ikoreshwe
• Agace k'ubushyuhe bwo gusubira inyuma: 230–250°C (biterwa n'uburyo imashini ikoresha icyuma gishongesha)
• Agace gakonjesha: Kumanuka vuba kugera munsi ya 180°C kugira ngo habeho ingingo zihamye

Buri teraniro rya PCB rigomba gukorerwa isuzuma ry’ubushyuhe kugira ngo rihuze umurongo ushingiye ku miterere y’ibikoresho, ubucucike bw’ibice, n’uburyo ubushyuhe bufata substrate.

Intambwe ya 6: Igenzura ry’amatara ryikora (AOI)

Nyuma yo kongera gukoresha uburyo bushya, imashini za AOI zigereranya ishusho y'ikibaho gishongeshejwe mu gihe nyacyo n'ishusho y'izahabu.

• Polarity n'icyerekezo
• Kubaho no kutabaho
• Udupira tw'insinga zo gusoda
• Imiyoboro migufi, ibyuma byazamuwe, n'imiyoboro ikonje

Amasosiyete akoresha ubushobozi bwo gupima amashusho (AOIs) agezweho akoresha kamera zifite inguni nyinshi, imiterere ya 3D, no kwiga imashini kugira ngo yongere igipimo cyo kumenya amashusho, cyane cyane ku miterere y’amashusho afite ubucucike bwinshi.

Intambwe ya 7: Igenzura rya X-Ray ku mapaki akomeye

Ibice nka BGA, LGAs, na QFN bifite aho bihurira hihishe munsi y'ipaki. Isuzuma rya X-ray rituma:

• Igenzura ry'uko umupira wa solder wuzuye amazi
• Kumenya ubusa mu byuma bitanga ingufu n'ibikoreshwa mu butaka
• Isesengura ry'uburyo ikirere gitwikiriye amashanyarazi
• Ikiraro n'indangamuntu ngufi

Gusuzuma 3D CT birahari kugira ngo hakorwe isesengura ry’impamvu nyamukuru ndetse no gukora iperereza ku byago.

Intambwe ya 8: Igenzura ryakozwe n'intoki no kuvugurura

Ndetse no mu miyoboro yikora, ibikorwa by'abantu birakenewe kuri:

• Igenzura ry'amaso hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi
• Gusoda hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukoraho
• Gusimbuza ibice by'imva byashyizwemo amabuye cyangwa ibitari mu murongo
• Gusubiramo BGA hakoreshejwe sitasiyo zo kuvugurura umwuka ushyushye

Gusubiramo bigomba gukurikiza amabwiriza ya IPC-7711/21 kandi bigashyirwa muri sisitemu yo gukurikirana.

Intambwe ya 9: Ikizamini cyo mu ruziga (ICT) n'Ikizamini cy'Imikorere (FCT)

Gupima bireba imikorere n'ubwizerwe bw'ibicuruzwa mbere yo kubitanga.

Ibiranga ikoranabuhanga:

• Ipima uburinzi, ubushobozi, voltage
• Imenya ibice bifunguye, bigufi, bibuze, cyangwa bitari byo
• Ishingiye ku bikoresho, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukora ku nzara

Ibiranga FCT:

• Igaragaza imyitwarire y'ibicuruzwa mu buryo bufatika
• Ivugana na microcontrollers cyangwa sensors
• Bishobora kuba birimo igerageza rya UART, I2C, SPI, cyangwa CAN

Intambwe ya 10: Guteranya bwa nyuma, gushyiramo ibirango, no gupakira

Iyo ibizamini by'amashanyarazi birangiye, ikibaho gikomeza intambwe za nyuma:

• Gushyiramo connector no gukoresha insinga
• Gushyiraho agakingirizo cyangwa gutwikira mu buryo bwa "conformal"
• Gusukura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya Ultrasonic cyangwa solvent (nta gusukura ni ngombwa)
• Kugaragaza ikimenyetso cya laser cyangwa ikimenyetso cya barcode
• Gupakira bidahinduka no gushyiramo ibirango byihariye

Abatanga serivisi za EMS bateye imbere batanga uburyo bwo gukurikirana amakuru yose kuri buri gice, kuri nomero ya serial, cyangwa kuri buri gice, bitewe n'amahame ngenderwaho y'inganda.

Iteraniro rya SMT ni ikiraro kuva ku gishushanyo mbonera kugeza ku mikorere

Guteranya SMT ni inzira ihambaye isaba kugenzura neza, gukurikirana buri gihe, no kugira ubumenyi mu mikorere itandukanye. Buri cyiciro—kuva ku gushyiramo ifu kugeza ku igenzura no gupakira burundu—kigomba kunozwa kugira ngo gikomeze kuba cyiza kandi gikore neza.

Muri Rich Full Joy, dushyigikira PCB zifite umuvuduko mwinshi, nyinshi, kandi zifite intego nyinshi hamwe na:

• Ibikoresho bya SMT bigezweho n'uburyo bwo kuvugurura imiterere y'amazi
• Ubunararibonye muri module ya BGA, QFN, na RF
• Ubushobozi bwo gukora X-Ray, AOI, SPI, na ICT/FCT mu nzu
• Igihe gito cyo gukoresha ibikoresho n'ingero nke z'ibikoresho
• Ubufatanye bw'igihe kirekire mu nganda z'indege, itumanaho, ubuvuzi, n'imodoka

Urashaka umufatanyabikorwa wa SMT w'umwuga ku gicuruzwa cyawe gitaha? Vugana n'itsinda ryacu ry'abahanga uyu munsi kugira ngo ubone isuzuma rya DFM ku buntu kandi utange ibiciro byihuse.