Hangarau Maunga Mata (SMT)

Ka tutuki i ngā mīhini tino tika te tika o te tūnga ±0.025mm. Mā te whakatikatika auau i ngā pūnaha whatu, ngā tīwiri mata, me ngā arataki, me te tiaki ārai (te horoi, te whakahinuhinu, te whakakapinga o ngā wāhanga pakaru), ka mau tonu te tika mō te wā roa.

Ka rerekē ngā tere mōrahi i runga i te tauira (hei tauira, 40,000–60,000 cph mō ngā mīhini tere-rahi). Ko ngā mea e whai pānga ana ko te momo/rahi o ngā wāhanga (ngā wāhanga āhua rerekē/moroiti tere puhoi), te arotautanga o te hōtaka, te pumau o te whāngai, me te uaua o te tahora PCB.

Ngā momo noa: ngā pūwero korehau, te aukume, me ngā pūwero hopu. Ko te kōwhiringa e hangai ana ki te rahi o te wāhanga, te āhua, te taumaha, me te rauemi (hei tauira, ngā pūwero korehau mō ngā wāhanga maramara iti, ngā pūwero hopu mō ngā wāhanga āhua rerekē).

Ngā momo whāngai: rīpene, ngongo, me ngā whāngai paepae. Ka mau tonu te tika mā te whakatikatika auau, te horoi i ngā awa tohatoha, me te whakatikatika i te kume kia tika ai te tūnga o ngā wāhanga.

- Ia rā: Horoia te taha o waho, tirohia ngā ārai o te pūwero, tirohia te āhua o te whāngai.

- Ia wiki: Horoia ngā pūnaha whatu, whakahinuhinuhia ngā tīwiri/arataki mata, whakamātauria te tika o te tūnga.

- Ia marama: Horoia hōhonu ngā roto, whakatikatika i ngā tawhā, tirohia te pakaru o ngā wāhanga hiko/mīhini.

E 8–12 ngā rohe e whakamahia whānuitia ana:

- Te whakamahana i mua (ngā rohe tuatahi 2–3): 100–150°C; ka whakamahana i mua i te PCB/ngā wāhanga hei karo i te ru wera me te whakahohe i te rere.

- Te ruku (ngā rohe waenga 2–3): 150–180°C; ka whakahohe katoa i te rere hei tango i ngā waikura.

- Rere anō (1–2 rohe): 217–230°C (kore mata); ka whakarewa i te whakapiri honohono hei here.

- Te whakamatao (ngā rohe whakamutunga e 2–3): Ka whakapakeke te whakamatao tere i ngā hononga kia pai ai te hanganga moroiti.

Ka whakaitihia e te hauota te waikura, ka whakapai ake i te kanapa o te hononga mākū/whakapiripiri, ā, ka whakaitihia hoki ngā tere āputa. Te parakore ≥99.99%. Ka whakarerekētia te tere rere (5–20 m³/h) mā roto i ngā mita rere i runga i te rahi o te oumu me ngā whakaritenga hua.

Kua whakatakotoria te teitei o te ngaru kia rumakina te raro o te PCB mā te 2–3mm. Mā te teitei rawa o ngā ngaru ka puta he hononga; mā te kore teitei rawa ka kore e makuku, ka maroke hoki ngā hononga.

Ko ngā tikanga ko te paninga rehu me te pahuka. Ka whakaritehia te ōritetanga mā te whakatikatika taputapu auau, te whakarerekētanga o ngā tawhā o te pūwero rehu/ngoi pahuka, me te tirotiro matapōkere o ngā PCB kua pania.

Ngā wāhanga maramara: ±0.05mm; QFP/BGA: ±0.025mm. Ngā whakapainga: te whakatikatika whatu auau, ngā rauropi tirotiro kua arotauhia, te whakatikatika tawhā (ngā paepae/whakarerekētanga), me te whakangungu kaiwhakahaere.

Ngā Take: ngā tae ōrite o te wāhanga/papamuri, te poke/te whakaata o te mata, ngā tawhā hē, te tawhito o ngā taputapu.

Whakaiti: whakatikatika tawhā (ngā paepae hina), te horoinga o mua i ngā wāhanga, te tiaki auau, me ngā rauropi AI matatau.

Te kapinga ≥95%. Ngā whakapainga: te tahora tirotiro kua whakapaitia, te whakanui ake i ngā pūwāhi whakamātautau, te whakawhanaketanga kaupapa whakamātautau whānui, me ngā tikanga matatau (matawai rohe).

Ko te kaupapa hōtaka he whakatakoto i ngā rerenga whakamātautau, ngā tawhā, me ngā paearu mā te pūmanawa motuhake i runga i ngā whakatakotoranga hua.

Ngā whakaaro matua: te mārama ki ngā whakaritenga mahi tika, te whakatikatika tawhā tino pakari, me te whakamana anō kia pono.

Ka ine i te matotoru, te horahanga, te rōrahi, me te āputaputa.

Paerewa: te rerekētanga matotoru ≤±10%, te horahanga ≤±15%, te rōrahi ≤±12%, te rerekētanga ≤0.1mm (mō te ahumahi).

He iti noa te hototahitanga o ngā waitohu whakawhiti engari ka taea mā roto i ngā atanga paerewa (hei tauira, te waehere-G, te kawa SMEMA) me te whanaketanga tuarua.

Me whai tautoko a te kaihoko, ngā kaiwhakauru pūnaha rānei mō ngā whakatika hapa, kia ea ai ngā hapa.

Ko ngā whakapai ake ko te whakakapi i ngā taputapu (ngā wāhanga tino tika, ngā karu tirohanga matatau) me ngā whakahou pūmanawa (te arotau i ngā raupaparorohiko).

Ngā utu: 10–30% o te utu taketake; ngā wā: 1–3 marama (tae atu ki te wā whakamutu mō te whakarerekētanga me te whakamana).

Te tautuhi tuatahi mā roto i ngā karere whakaoho, ngā tohu tūnga, me ngā mātakitaki ā-ringa.

Ngā taputapu: ngā mita maha, ngā oscilloscope, te whakamahana wera whero-whero.

Ngā Tikanga: te rapurongoā wāhanga, te whakakapinga wāhanga, me te whakatairite tawhā.

Ngā Pūtake: ngā motuka, ngā whakamahana, ngā papu korehau, ngā rama.

Ngā whakaiti: ngā tawhā kua arotauhia (hei tauira, ngā pāmahana oumu whakahou), ngā wāhanga penapena-pūngao (mōta, rama), me te tiaki auau kia pai ai te mahi.

Kei roto i ngā whakangungu ngā tikanga whakahaere, ngā tikanga haumaru, ngā mātāpono taketake, me te tiaki.

Ihirangi: tīmatanga/whakaweto, tautuhinga tawhā, uta rauemi, whakahaere hapa, haumaru hiko/mīhini.

Roanga: 1–2 wiki (te ariā + te mahi ā-ringa, me te tiwhikete e hiahiatia ana).

Ngā ine: ngā anga whenua, ngā pātene aukati ohorere, ngā ārai haumaru, ngā tapanga whakatūpato.

Ka whakapūmautia te haumaru mā te tirotiro haumaru auau, te whakangungu kaiwhakahaere, te piripono ki ngā tikanga whakahaere, me te PPE (ngā whitiki ringaringa ESD, ngā mōhiti haumaru, ngā karapu).

Ka whai whakaaro te kōwhiringa whakapiri whakarewa ki te tukanga whakarewa (whakarewatanga rere/ngaru), te momo wāhanga (hei tauira, whakapiri ira-rewa iti mō ngā wāhanga tairongo-wera), me ngā whakaritenga pono (hei tauira, whakapiri pono teitei mō ngā hikohiko motuka).

Tauira: He tino pai te whakamakuku me te tūhonohono a Alpha OM338 mō te rere anō kore-mata; he whakapiri mata tuku iho a Senju Sn63Pb37 he kaha hononga teitei.

Me rongoa te whakapiri whakarewa ki roto i te pouaka whakamātao i te 2–8°C, kia matara atu i te mārama me te makuku. Mēnā ka roa te rokiroki, ka whakaitihia te mahi rere o te matū, ā, ka waikura te paura whakarewa, ka puta he hapa pērā i te makariri o ngā hononga me te hononga piriti. Ko te roa o te ora o te rongoā he 6–12 marama te roa, kāore anō kia whakatuwheratia, ā, 1–2 wiki i muri i te whakatuwheratanga.

Tukua kia 4–8 hāora te roa mō te whakahokinga mai o te pāmahana rūma i muri i te whakamatao hei whakakore i te makuku i puta mai i ngā rerekētanga pāmahana. Ka whakahaeretia te whakamahinga mā te matotoru o te tauira/te rahi o te whakatuwheratanga me ngā tawhā tā (te pēhanga/te tere o te squeegee) hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga rōrahi whakarewa.

- Tere: Kāore e ranea te whakatakotoranga o te whakapiri (kāore e ranea te tūhono); kāore e pai te mahi ina puhoi rawa, ā, ka nui haere te whakapiri.

- Pēhanga: Ka panaia te whakapiri ki waho o ngā pūaha tauira (hononga) e te pēhanga nui rawa; kāore e ranea te whakatakotoranga o te tauira nā te korenga o te pēhanga.

- Koki: 45–60° te mea tino pai. Ka kore e taurite te tānga o te whakapiri mēnā he iti ngā koki; ka kore e pai te whakakī i te whakapiri mēnā he nui ngā koki.

Ka whakatakotoria ngā tawhā i runga i te momo whakapiri, te matotoru/ngā whakatuwheratanga o te tauira, me te papatahi o te PCB (noa: tere 20–50mm/s, pēhanga 5–10kgf).

Ngā rauemi noa: te maitai kore waikura me te koranu nikara.

- Kowiri tira: He iti ake te utu, he pakeke taurite, he ngāwari ki te tukatuka, engari ka pakaru pea te taha ina whakamahia mō te wā roa, ka pā ki te tika o te tā.

- Koranu nikara: He pakeke rawa, he ātete ki te kakahu, he roa te ora, engari he nui ake te utu me te uaua o te tukatuka.

Mō ngā wāhanga iti (hei tauira, 01005, 0201), whakamahia te matotoru 50–75μm mō te whakatakoto whakapiri tika. Mō ngā wāhanga nui ake, mō te nui ake rānei o te rōrahi whakarewa, he pai te matotoru 100–150μm. Whakaarohia hoki te kiato/te tahora o ngā wāhanga hei karo i te pokanoa tā.

- Ngā wāhanga maramara: Ngā pūaha tapawhā rite, he 0.05–0.1mm te iti iho i ngā papa i ia taha.

- QFP/SOP: He pūwhera roa, he whaiti ake i te piko o te titi, he 0.05–0.1mm te roa, ā, he roa ake i te roa o te titi he 0.1–0.2mm.

- BGA: Ngā pūaha porowhita/tapawhā, 70–80% o te whānui o te pōro honohono.

Ngā mātāpono: te whakatakotoranga ōrite o te whakapiri, te ārai i te hononga, me te whakatakotoranga ngāwari o ngā wāhanga.

Auautanga horoi: ia 50–100 PCB te tikanga, i runga i te rahinga whakaputa.

Ngā Tikanga: te horoi ā-ringa (te tango rerenga motuhake me te paraihe), te horoi ultrasonic, te horoi korehau.

Ngā paearu horoi: kāore he toenga whakapiri/paru i ngā pūaha, he maeneene ngā taha i raro i te whakanui, ā, kua paahitia ngā whakamātautau tā whakapiri honohono.

Ngā momo noa: te takai rīpene-me-rīra, te paepae, me te ngongo.

- Rīpene-me-rīra: Mō ngā wāhanga paerewa iti; kia tika te ahunga me te kume o te whāngai hei ārai i te he o te tūnga, i ngā raruraru whāngai rānei.

- Paepae: Mō ngā wāhanga nunui, āhua rerekē, tino tika rānei; he mea nui te tūnga tika o te paepae.

- Ngongo: Mō ngā wāhanga motuhake (hei tauira, ngā taio); kia aro ki te whakatakotoranga me te whakaritenga o ngā wāhanga.

Rokiroki whānui: taiao maroke, hauhautanga (≤25°C, 40–60% RH).

- Ngā wāhanga tairongo-ESD (hei tauira, ngā IC): Me whai takai ārai-pūmau me ngā taiao e whakahaerehia ana e te ESD hei ārai i te kino mai i te tukunga hiko pūmau.

- Ngā wāhanga tairongo-wera (hei tauira, ngā pūnga tantalum): Me karo i ngā pāmahana teitei hei pupuri i te mahi hiko.

Ki te kore e tika te rokiroki, ka pā te waikura, te mimiti makuku, me te hekenga o te mahi, ka pā ki te kounga o te whakapiringa me te pono o te hua.

Manatokohia ngā tapanga wāhanga me ngā pepa raraunga kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga whakaputa i mua i te utaina. Whakamahia ngā pūnaha ārai hapa (matawai waehere pae, RFID) hei aroturuki me te whakamana i te utaina. Whakatinanahia te manatoko takirua mō te tāutanga whāngai me te tirotiro wāhanga katoa i te wā whakaputa tuatahi.

Ngā Mātāpono:

- Whakatakotoria ngā wāhanga iti ki mua i ngā mea nunui hei karo i te arai.

- Whakatakotoria ngā wāhanga māmā ki mua i ngā mea taumaha hei ārai i te kino.

- Whakatakotoria ngā wāhanga pumau ki mua i ngā mea nekeneke kia tika ai.

Arotau: Whakarōpūhia ngā wāhanga ki te PCB ka whakamahere i ngā ara whakatakotoranga mā te whakamahi i te mātāpono tata-tata hei whakaiti i te tawhiti me te wā haere me te whiriwhiri me te whakanoho.

He tino kaha ngā whakaritenga koki mō ngā wāhanga pēnei i ngā tioata, ngā taio, me ngā pūnga whakapūmau. Ka whakapūmautia te tika mā te pūnaha tirohanga a te mīhini tiki-me-te-whakanoho mō te whakarite tika, te whakatakoto i ngā tawhā koki i roto i te kaupapa whakanoho, me ngā tirotiro matapōkere i te wā tuatahi o te tuhinga me te hanga.

Tirotiro mā roto i ngā taputapu whatu (microscope, 3D AOI). Mā te kore e pai te tūhonohono ka puta he hononga makariri me te whakapiringa rūpahu, ka whakararu i te pono o te hononga, ā, ka arahi pea ki te kore pumau o te hiko, ki ngā ara iahiko poto rānei i te wā e whakamahia ana.

Ngā take: te rokiroki makuku, te roa o te wā e pāngia ana e te hau, te takai kua pakaru.

Ārai: te takai ātete-makuku me te ārai-pūmau, te penapena ki ngā taiao maroke/hauota; horoia, ā, pania he paninga ārai-waikura ki ngā taura o ngā wāhanga kua roa e rongoatia ana i mua i te whakamahinga.

Ngā momo noa: te rerenga kore-ma, te rerenga wairewa-wai, te rerenga rōsin.

- Kore-ma te rere: He iti noa te toenga, kāore e hiahiatia he horoi; he pai mō ngā mahi tino ma me te tino whai hua.

- Rere wairewa: Ka tangohia ngā toenga mā te horoi wai, he pai mō te taiao engari me ētahi atu mahi horoi.

- Te rere o te rōsin: He tino pai te whakamakuku, engari me horoi ngā toenga ki te whakarewa waro; he pai mō ngā tukanga tuku iho e hiahia ana ki te kounga teitei o te whakapiringa.

Ka whakahaerehia te rōrahi rere mā te whakarerekē i ngā tawhā taputapu paninga (hei tauira, te pēhanga rehu, te tere rere, te tawhiti mō te paninga rehu; te teitei o te pahuka, te wā mō te paninga pahuka) me te urutau ki te rahi o te PCB, te mātotoru o ngā wāhanga, me ngā whakaritenga tukanga.

- Te nui rawa o te rere: Ka puta ngā raruraru hiko e pā ana ki ngā toenga (ngā ara iahiko poto, te turuturu) ā, ka nui ake te uaua/te utu horoi.

- **Kāore i te rawaka

Ka taea te whakamātautau i te ngohe o te rere mā te aromatawai i tōna kaha tango waikura i runga i ngā wahi whakamātautau paerewa i ngā pāmahana me ngā wā motuhake. Hei tauira, tāpirihia te rere ki tētahi wahi whakamātautau parahi me te paparanga waikura, whakamahanahia ki te 200–250°C mō te 5–10 meneti, ā, mātakitaki i te tangohanga o te paparanga waikura. Ka taea te aromatawai ā-kore mā te ine i ngā tohu pēnei i te uara waikawa me te ihirangi halogen.

Kāore e ranea te mahi rere o te hiko ki te tango i ngā waikura mai i ngā taura wāhanga me ngā mata o te papa, ka hua ake he mākū kino o te whakapiri whakarewa, he taratara, he koretake hoki ngā hononga whakarewa, ā, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā hononga makariri, o te whakarewa rūpahu rānei, ka tino pā kino ki te kaha whakarewa me te pono o te hononga hiko.

He iti noa ngā toenga pumau (ngā kiriata mārama/āhua-mārama) e toe ana i te korenga o te rerenga ma, ā, he iti noa te pānga ki te mahi hiko, engari ka mimiti pea i te puehu i ngā taiao haumākū nui, i ngā taiao poke rānei.

He tote wairewa-wai ngā toenga rere wairewa-wai, ā, ka taea te tango mā te horoi wai (ultrasonic + wai deionized + hopi horoi).

He piri ngā toenga rosin ka kukume i te puehu, ā, me whakamahi ngā whakarewa waro (waipiro, waipiro isopropyl) hei horoi.

Kāore e hiahiatia he horoinga motuhake mō te wai kore-ma, engari ka taea te whakamahi i te horoi mārie mō ngā whakaritenga tino ma.

Ngā Whakaaroaro: te whai huatanga o te horoi, te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao (RoHS/REACH), te haumaru (te paitini/te mura), te waikura, te utu.

Ngā momo noa:

- He mea hanga ki te wai: He pai mō te taiao, he whai hua mō ngā toenga wairewa-wai, engari ka waikura pea ngā wāhanga tairongo, ā, me whakamaroke kia kore ai e waikura.

- Āhua-wai: He kaha te horoi mō ngā toenga maha, engari he iti noa iho ngā whakarewa waro kei roto, he iti ake te pai mō te taiao.

- He mea hanga ki te whakarewa: He tere te tango i te hinu, engari he mura, he paitini, he utu nui hoki.

Whakatau: Tirohia ngā pukapuka ā-ringa mō ngā hua, whakaarohia te taumata poke o te PCB me te ātete ki te waikura o ngā wāhanga, ā, whakamanahia mā roto i ngā whakamātautau tauira (ngā whakamātautau horoi me ngā kukū rerekē).

- Tino teitei rawa: Te mōrearea o te waikura PCB/wāhanga, te toenga matū e pā kino ana ki te mahi.

- Iti rawa: Kāore i oti te horoi, kāore i taea te tango i ngā poke.

Ka whakanui ake te pāmahana teitei i te mahi a te kaihoko horoi me te kaha whakarewa, engari ka kino pea ngā PCB/wāhanga.

- Wai-tūnga: 40–60°C

- Wai-haurua: 50–70°C

- I ahu mai i te whakarewa: Te pāmahana rūma (20–25°C, tae atu ki te 40°C mō ngā take motuhake)

Whakatau: I runga i te taumata poke o te PCB, te momo/kukū o te kaihoko horoi, me ngā taputapu, i whakamanahia mā roto i ngā whakamātautau me ngā wheako.

- Poto rawa: Kāore i oti te horoi, kei reira ngā paru e toe ana.

- Roa rawa: Tērā pea ka waikura te PCB/wāhanga (hei tauira, te kiriuhi o te kopare tūhono, te waikura o te mata), te hekenga o te hua.

Ngā tikanga noa:

- Horoi ultrasonic: Pānga cavitation, he mea tino pai mō ngā PCB tino ma me ngā wāhanga kikī/uaua.

- Horoi rehu: Rehu pēhanga teitei, he pai mō te whakaputa papatipu o ngā PCB kua poke māmā.

- Horoi rumaki: He māmā noa te mahi, he pai mō ngā puranga iti kāore e hiahiatia he horoi nui.

Kaupapa: Tangohia ngā toenga makuku/horoi hei ārai i ngā ara iahiko poto, te waikura, me ngā raruraru mahi.

Ngā Tikanga:

- Whakamaroke hau wera: He taputapu māmā, he iti te utu, engari he puhoi, ā, ka tere pea te maroke kāore i te ōrite.

- Whakamaroke korehau: Whakamaroke tere, ārai i te waikura, engari he nui te utu mō ngā taputapu me te hiahia ki te wāhi.

- Te whakamaroke hauota: He tino pai te ārai i te waikura, engari he nui te utu hauota.

Ngā rauemi noa:

- FR-4: He whānui te whakamahinga, he pai ngā āhuatanga hiko/mīhini, he iti te utu, engari he ngāwari ki te whakarerekē i te pāmahana teitei—whakahaere i ngā pāmahana hurihuri.

- Papa konumohe: He tino pai te tohatoha wera mō ngā taputapu hiko, me te ārai i te waikura, me te aro ki te whakawhiti wera o te whakapiri.

- Polyimide (PI): He PCB ngāwari, he ātete ki te pāmahana teitei/piko, he nui te utu me te uaua ki te tukatuka—me nui ake te tika o te whakatakotoranga/te whakapiri.

Matotoru noa: 0.4–2.4mm, manawanui ±0.1mm.

- Ngā PCB angiangi (0.4–0.8mm): Ka ngāwari ki te whakarerekē te āhua—whakamahia ngā taputapu tautoko me te whakanui puhoi i te pāmahana i te wā e whakapiripiri ana hei whakaiti i te ahotea wera.

- Ngā PCB matotoru (1.6–2.4mm): He pumau ake, he pāmahana whakapiri teitei ake, he roa ake hoki ngā wā whakamahana e hiahiatia ana; kia kaha ai te piri mō ngā wāhanga nunui.

Ngā tukanga noa:

- HASL: He pai te tūhono, he mata taratara, he ngāwari ki te waikura i te pāmahana tiketike me te pākirikiri.

- ENIG: He papatahi te āhua, he ngāwari hoki te whakapiri, engari he utu nui; ka taea e ngā paparanga koura matotoru te "whakapakari i te koura".

- OSP: Te tiaki i te waikura, me ārai i te makuku/te poke i mua i te whakapiringa kia mau tonu ai te āheinga whakapiri.

- ENEPIG: He tino pai te mahi, engari he uaua, he utu nui hoki.

Tirotiro: Whakamahia he taputapu whakamātau papatahi hei ine i ngā rerekētanga teitei, he taputapu ine rānei he mata papatahi.

Ngā Pānga: Te whakatakotoranga kore taurite o te whakapiri whakarewa (te whakarewa kore rawa/te whakarewa nui rawa, te hononga honohono); te whakatakotoranga ngoikore o ngā wāhanga (ngā hononga makariri, te whakarewa rūpahu), e pā ana ki te tika o te whakatakotoranga.

Aratohu hoahoa: He papa 0.1–0.2mm te whānui ake i ngā taura i ia taha; he papa tapawhā rite mō ngā wāhanga maramara, he mea hanga kia uru ki te āhua o te taura; he mokowā hei ārai i te hononga (hei tauira, 0.6–0.7mm mō te QFP 0.5mm te whānui).

Ngā Take: Te waipuke o te whakapiri konukōre, te kore rānei e ranea te whakatakotoranga, ka hua ake he hononga piriti me te makariri, ka whakararu i te mahi hiko/mīhini.

Tūranga: Ārai i te hononga o te tūhono ki runga i ngā papa kore-papa, tiaki i te mata PCB, whakarei ake i te whakamarumaru me te kaha ā-ringa.

Ngā Pānga: Ka puta he hapa me he hapa i te rahinga o te whakarewa i te kore taurite/rahi rawa; ka nui ake te mōrearea o te hononga i ngā kopare angiangi; ka whakaitihia te tiaki me te pono e ngā hapa kounga (ngā mirumiru, te tihore).

Ngā Whakaritenga: He tohu poto/tika hei whakaiti i te pokanoa; he tohu whānui mō te hiko/whenua hei kawe i te iahiko; he wehewehe i te paparanga tohu hei ārai i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero; karohia te ara tata ki ngā papa ka ārai pea i te tā/te whakatakotoranga.

Ngā Pānga: Te pikinga ake o te pokanoa tohu (te whakapōturi, te haruru); ngā uauatanga whakaputa (ngā take tā/tūnga), te ahotea wera e hua ai te whakarerekētanga.

Kaupapa: Te whakanoho tika i ngā PCB kia tika ai te tā, te whakanoho, me te whakapiri.

Ngā Pānga: Ka kore e pumau te whakairinga/te taunga hē o te rahi, ka hua ake ngā hapa tā/whakanoho; ka hua ake ngā hapa tūnga >±0.1mm i te taunga hē o te tukanga, ka nekehia ngā wāhanga e pā ana ki ngā papa.

Ngā Mātāpono: Te rahi o te panera i roto i ngā rohe taputapu (roa ≤80%, whānui ≤70% o te mōrahi); ngā tikanga hononga (ngā ripa pakaru 0.8–1.2mm te whānui, te hohonutanga V-CUT 1/3–1/2 te matotoru); te whakatakotoranga wāhanga ōrite mō te ngāwari o te whakahaere.

Ngā Take: Ngā ārai o te kaikawe, ngā pakaru i te wā e tangohia ana te panera, me ngā hapa whakapiringa nā te tahora kino.

Kaupapa: Whakahohe i te tūnga me te whakatikatika o ngā taputapu mō te tika o te tā/tūnga.

Ngā Whakaritenga: Porowhita, 1–3mm te whānui (0.5–1mm mō te tino tika); mata maeneene, kāore he waikura me te tino rerekētanga; te tika o te tūnga i roto i te ±0.05mm.

Ngā Āhuatanga: Taiao maroke, hauhautanga (20–25℃, 40–60% RH), kia matara atu i te rā tika me ngā mea waikura.

Ngā Pānga: Ka puta te waikura o ngā papa me te ngoikore o te āheinga whakarewa i te makuku; ka whakapohehetia ngā PCB, ka whakaititia rānei ngā kopare whakarewa e ngā pāmahana teitei; ka kino ngā āhuatanga o te mata i ngā mea waikura.

Te whakahaere tika: Mauria ngā karapu ESD/ngā moenga matimati, whakamahia ngā whata/ngā paepae motuhake, ā, me te ata whakahaere kia kore ai e pāngia.

Pakaru: Pakaru ESD ki ngā wāhanga; te rerekētanga o te āhua, te wetewete o te papa, ngā kapiti rānei i ngā tukinga; te ahotea ā-pūkaha i te whakahaere taratara.

Te Tukatuka i mua: Te horoi (kakahu kore-miro + waipiro/hopi horoi mō ngā poke); te whakamaroke (60–80℃ mō ngā haora 2–4 ​​hei tango i te makuku); te whakahohenga mata whiriwhiri (waikawa ngawari hei tango i te waikura, ā, muri iho ka horoia).

Kaupapa: Kia ma, kia maroke ngā mata hei whakapai ake i te piri o te whakapiri whakarewa me te kounga o te whakarewa.

Te whakarite i te hototahitanga: Whakatauritea te papa o te mōkihi wāhanga/ara ki te papa/ara i te wā hoahoa; tīpakohia ngā rauemi/whakaotinga PCB mō te hototahitanga pāmahana/tūhonohono.

Ngā Take: Ngā wāhanga kāore i te tū tika, te whakapiringa ngoikore (ngā hononga makariri, ngā pakaru), me te kino o te ahotea mai i te kore ōrite o te CTE.

Ngā Āhuatanga: Papa, ara, tahora wāhanga, panera, pūwāhi MARK, me te hoahoa kopare tūhono.

Ngā Whakapainga: Ka whakaiti i ngā hapa (hei tauira, ka whakaiti i ngā reiti hapa ngā papa tika, ka tere ake te whakatakotoranga o ngā whakatakotoranga kua whakapaitia), ka whakapoto i ngā wā huringa, ā, ka whakaiti i ngā utu mahi anō.

Ngā Take: Te waku (ngā wāhanga/tākai, ngā PCB/whatanga), te whakaawe (te turuturu o ngā taputapu), te mahi a te tangata (te waku o ngā kākahu).

Ngā Tūponotanga: Te kino o te ESD ki ngā wāhanga tairongo (hei tauira, ngā IC); te kukume puehu ka pā ki te whakatakotoranga/te whakapiri.

Ngā Ine: Papa ESD (10⁶–10⁹Ω), kākahu ESD (ngā whitiki ringaringa ≤1MΩ), taputapu whenua (≤4Ω), ngā ionizer, me ngā takai ārai-pūmau.

Ngā Pānga:

- Te haumākū nui: Ka mimiti te makuku i ngā wāhanga (kāore e pai te honohono), ka piko ngā PCB, ka tau pea te honohono i te wā e rere anō ana.

- Te iti o te haumākū: Te pikinga ake o te mōrearea ESD, te kukume puehu.

Mana Whakahaere: Hauhautanga + whakamaroke hau, kia mau tonu te 40–60% RH.

Ngā Huanga: Ka hua mai ngā hapa honohono (te tauhiuhi, ngā hononga makariri) i te haumākū nui; ka hua mai ngā kino ESD me ngā mōrearea ara iahiko poto nā te iti o te haumākū.

Ngā Pānga:

- Te pāmahana teitei: Te koroheketanga o ngā wāhanga, te rerekētanga o ngā āhuatanga o te whakapiri whakarewa, he ngāwari ki te makariri i ngā hononga/hononga.

- Te pāmahana iti: Ka nui ake te matotoru o te whakapiri, ka ngoikore te tānga, ka nui ake te pakaru o ngā taputapu.

Mana Whakahaere: Pūoko hauhautanga tika + pūoko pāmahana, 20–25℃.

Ngā Huanga: Ka pakaru ngā wāhanga/ngā hononga honohono i te pāmahana nui; ka ngoikore te honohono me ngā raruraru taputapu i te pāmahana iti.

Ngā Whakaritenga: Ko te nuinga o te wā he Akomanga 10,000 (ISO 7) neke atu rānei.

Ngā Pānga: Ka puta ngā hapa honohono (ngā poto/ngā ara iahiko tuwhera) i te puehu, ka pakaru hoki ngā taputapu.

Ngā Mahi: Ngā tātari HEPA, ngā awheawhe kua kati, te horoi i ia wā, me te whakahaere puehu mō ngā kaimahi/rauemi.

Ngā āhuatanga: Te rere o te tukanga, te urunga ki ngā mahi tiaki, te pokanoa i waenga i ngā taputapu.

Ngā Pānga: Te whakararuraru i te rere o te mahi, te uaua o te tiaki, ngā raraunga tirotiro hē.

Arotautanga: Ngā tahora rārangi/āhua-U i runga i te rere o te tukanga, me te ngāwari ki te whakawhānui.

Ngā Ihirangi: Te hoko/te rokiroki/te tohatoha rauemi, te whakahaere PCB.

Te Hiranga: Ka whakarite i te tuku i te wā tika, ka whakaiti i ngā utu rarangi taonga, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga.

Ngā Ine: Ngā pūnaha whakahaere rawa, te tahora whare putunga kua whakapaitia, te kawe waka aunoa (hei tauira, ngā AGV).

Ngā Huānga: Kaupapa here kounga, pukapuka ā-ringa, tikanga mahi, tohutohu mahi, tuhinga.

Te Whakatūnga: Te tautuhi i ngā whāinga, te whakataurite i ngā tukanga, te whakangungu i ngā kaimahi, te pupuri i te whai i ngā mahi.

Tūranga: Whakaiti i te rerekētanga, aroturuki i ngā tukanga, āhei ai te whakapai tonu.

Te whakangungu mā te tūranga:

- Ngā Kaiwhakahaere: Te whakahaere taputapu, te whakarite kaupapa, te tiaki (ariā + mahi ā-ringa);

- Ngā Kaitirotiro: Te whakahaere AOI/X-High, ngā paerewa (ngā rangahau take + ngā mahi).

Hiranga: Ka whakaiti i ngā hapa, ka whakarei ake i ngā pūkenga, ka whakapiki i te hua.

Ngā wāhanga utu: Taputapu, rauemi, mahi, pūngao, whakaurunga.

Ngā Tikanga: Te arotau i te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu, te hoko nui, ngā mahi penapena pūngao.

Pānga: Te iti o ngā utu, te whakataetae utu, te kaha ake o te tūranga mākete.

Ngā āhuatanga: Te rahinga ota, te kaha o ngā taputapu, te tuku rauemi, te kaimahi.

Tikanga: Whakaritea ngā ota ki te kaupapa matua, te wā ārai, te taurite i te kaha ki te tono.

Ngā Take: Ngā taputapu mangere/taumaha rawa, ngā whakaroa tuku, ngā kore taurite o ngā taonga.

Ngā Kaupapa: Ngā tūtohi rere, ngā tohutohu mahi, te BOM, ngā paerewa tirotiro.

Tukanga: Ka tātaitia e ngā miihini → ka arotakehia e ngā kaiwhakahaere → ka whakahōu me ngā whakapainga.

Te Hiranga: Ka whakataurite i ngā mahi, ka āwhina i te whakangungu, ka āhei te whai i ngā mahi.

Ngā Kaupapa: Te horoi i ia rā, te tiaki i ia wā, ngā arowhai ārai, te whakatikatika.

Te Whakawhanaketanga: I runga i ngā pukapuka ā-ringa me ngā tauira kakahu, whakaritea ngā taputapu matua ki ngā mea nui.

Ngā Pānga: Te hekenga o te tika, ngā pakaru pinepine, te poto ake o te ora o ngā taputapu.

Rerenga Mahi: Tātaritanga tuatahi → tirotiro ngaio → whakatikatika → whakamātautau.

Ngā Whakapainga: Whakangungu, ngā whare pukapuka take hapa, te rarangi taonga wāhanga e manawapa ana.

Ngā hua: Te wā kore mahi whakaputa, te roa o te kino, ngā rerekētanga o te kounga.

Ngā raraunga i kohia: Te mahi a ngā taputapu, ngā hapa, te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi, ngā hāora mahi.

Ngā tikanga tātari: Ngā tūtohi Pareto, ngā hoahoa wheua ika, ngā kauwhata au.

Tūranga: Tāutuhia ngā arai, matapaetia ngā take, āwhina i te whakatau kaupapa.

Ngā Wāhanga: Arotake hoahoa → hanga tauira → arotau tukanga → whakahaere whakamātautau → hanga papatipu.

Ngā Ine: Te mahi tahi whakawhiti-mahi, te whakamana tukanga, te whakahaere mekameka tuku.

Ngā Wero: Kāore i te ōrite te hoahoa me te tukanga, ngā whakaroa taputapu, te korenga o ngā rauemi.

Kaupapa: Kia mau tonu te pumau o te tukanga me te kounga o te mahi.

Ngā Hipanga: Tautuhia te whānuitanga → te whakamana mahere → te whakahaere → te tātari raraunga → te whakatau.

Paearu: Te tere o te hapa i roto i ngā rohe, ngā tawhā pumau, te ōritetanga o te puranga.

Ngā Ihirangi: Ngā tikanga whakahaere, ngā tawhā taputapu, ngā paearu tirotiro, ngā paerewa nekehanga.

Whakatinanatanga: Ngā tohutohu mahi, te whakangungu, te tirotiro, ngā whakatenatena.

Hiranga: Ka whakaiti i te rerekētanga, ka tere ake te whakaputa, ka māmā ake te whakauru i ngā kaimahi.

Ngā hapa noa: Te whakatakotoranga hē o ngā wāhanga, te hurihanga o te polarity, ngā wāhanga ngaro, ngā hapa tawhā.

Ngā Ine: Ngā pūoko, ngā pūnaha tirohanga, te mana whakahaere urunga, te manatoko rārangi arowhai.

Tūranga: Whakaiti i ngā hapa, ngā utu mahi anō, me te whakapai ake i te pono o te tukanga.

Ngā Tohutohu: Te arotau i ngā tukanga, te whakapai ake i ngā taputapu, te whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga, te whakarei ake i ngā pūnaha whakahaere kounga.

Whakatinanatanga: Ngā rōpū whakapai ake, te kohikohi whakaaro, te huringa PDCA.

Hiranga: Ka whakanui ake i te whakataetae, ka urutau ki ngā huringa o te mākete, ka akiaki i te auahatanga.

Ngā paerewa matua: IPC-A-610 (kounga tūhono), IPC-7095 (ngā tukanga BGA), JEDEC J-STD-020 (te aro ki te makuku).

Te Whakatutukitanga: Te whakangungu, ngā arotake ā-roto, ngā pūnaha whai, ngā rauemi paerewa.

Ngā Ture: RoHS (ngā matū kua herea), te whakahaere para, te whai huatanga o te pūngao.

Ngā Mahi: Ngā tukanga kore-mata, ngā kaupapa hangarua, ngā taputapu penapena pūngao.

Ngā hua: Ngā whiu, te kino o te ingoa pai, te ngaronga o te wāhi mākete.

Ngā Ture:

- Te herenga o ngā matū kino (RoHS);

- Te whakakorenga para tika;

- Te tiaki pūngao me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga.

Ngā Ine:

- Ngā tukanga kore-mata, te horoi wai;

- Ngā pūnaha hangarua para;

- Ngā taputapu penapena pūngao.

Ngā hua: Ngā whiu, te kino o te ingoa pai, te ngaronga o te wāhi mākete.

Ngā wāhanga o te mekameka tuku:

- Te hokohoko, te whakahaere kaiwhakarato, te whakahaere ratonga, te pupuri taonga.

Whakahaere:

- Aromatawai kaiwhakarato whai tohu;

- Ngā hononga mahi mō te wā roa;

- Te arotautanga o ngā mahi whakahaere rauemi me te whakahaere i ngā rawa ABC.

Ngā Pānga:

- Kua mutu te mahi whakaputa nā te korenga o ngā rauemi;

- Ngā hapa kounga nā ngā rauemi ngoikore;

- Ngā whakaroa o te tuku mai i ngā take whakahaere.

Ngā tikanga kohikohi:

- Ngā rangahau mō te makona, ngā waea waea, ngā haerenga ki te papa mahi.

Ngā mahi whakahaere:

- Tuhia → tātarihia → whakatau → whai ake.

Ngā Painga:

- Te nui ake o te makona o ngā kiritaki, te whakapai ake i te kounga, me te kōrero pai a te iwi.

Ngā taraiwa me ngā whāinga:

- Te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te mākete, te whakapakari i te whakataetae, te whakawhānui i te wāhi mākete.

Ngā Wero:

- Ngā arai hangarau, ngā utu nui, te korenga o ngā tāngata pūkenga.

Ngā otinga:

- Te mahi tahi a te whare wānanga me te ahumahi, te kohi pūtea, te whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga.

Ngā huānga matua:

- Ngā taputapu aunoa, IoT, raraunga nui, AI, ngā pūnaha MES/ERP.

Te Whakatinanatanga:

- Aromatawai → whakapai ake taputapu → whakaurunga raraunga → whakatinanatanga pūnaha.

Ngā Huringa:

- He pai ake te whai huatanga, he kounga pumau, he iti ake ngā utu, ā, he taea te whakarite i te hanga.

Ngā Wāhanga:

- Ngā utu mō te ārai, te aromatawai, me ngā utu mō ngā rahunga ā-roto/ā-waho.

Tikanga tātari:

- Whakarōpūtia ngā raraunga → tātarihia ngā ōwehenga → whai i ngā au.

Ngā Māramatanga:

- Whakaritea ngā whakapainga matua, arotakehia ngā mahi, arotauhia ngā rautaki kounga.

Ngā momo mōrearea:

- Ngā mōrearea o te mākete, te hangarau, te kounga, te mekameka tuku, me ngā mōrearea mō ngā kaimahi.

Tukanga:

- Tāutuhia (rangahau/raraunga) → aromatawaihia (kounga/tau) → whakaitihia (ārai/whakaitihia/whakawhiti).

Te Hiranga:

- Ka whakaiti i ngā mate, ka whakarite i te pumau, ā, ka whakarei ake i te manawanui.

Ngā puka mahi tahi:

- Ngā mahi tahi, te mahi tahi hangarau, OEM/ODM.

Ngā Wero:

- Ngā arai hokohoko, ngā rerekētanga paerewa, ngā rerekētanga ahurea, ngā tautohe IP.

Ngā Ine:

- Auahatanga, whai wāhitanga paerewa, hokohoko ā-rohe, tiakitanga IP.

Te Hiranga:

- Ka whakarei ake i te tirohanga, te pono, me te uara o te hua.

Ngā Rautaki:

- Te tūnga (uara ahurei) → te whakatairanga (whakaaturanga/pāpāho pāpori/rongonui).

Tūranga:

- Ka kukume mai i ngā kiritaki hou, ka uru atu ki ngā mākete utu nui, ā, ka poipoi i ngā hononga mahi tahi mō te wā roa.

Ngā momo IP:

- Ngā pateni, ngā tohu hokohoko, ngā mana pupuri, ngā mea ngaro hokohoko.

Ngā Ine:

- Whakahaere motuhake, rēhitatanga wā tika, whakaaetanga kore whakaaturanga.

Te Hiranga:

- Ka whakatenatena i te R&D, ka tiaki i te auahatanga, ā, ka whakapakari i te whakataetae matua.

Ngā momo taranata:

- Ngā kaihangarau tukanga/taputapu/kounga, ngā kaiwhakahaere whakaputa, ngā kaimahi R&D.

Te whanaketanga:

- Whakangungu ā-roto, ā-waho, hurihanga mahi, ārahitanga.

Ngā Whakatenatena:

- Te utu, te whakatairanga, te mōhiotanga.

Tūranga:

- Ka kukume mai i ngā tāngata whai pūmanawa, ka whakarei ake i ngā pūkenga, ā, ka akiaki i te auahatanga.

Te tukanga tātari:

- Te horoi raraunga → te whakarōpūtanga → te tātari tatauranga/keri raraunga → te whakaaturanga.

Tautoko whakatau:

- Te arotau i ngā tukanga, te tiaki i ngā taputapu, te whakarite i ngā kaupapa matua mō te R&D.

Ngā Whakaaroaro:

- Te tika o ngā raraunga, te karo i te whakawhirinaki nui, ngā whakahoutanga tauira.

Ngā wāhanga ahurea:

- Ngā uara, te tirohanga whānui, te wairua, te ahurea ā-whare/ā-tinana.

Ngā tikanga hanga:

- Te whakatairanga i te rapunga whakaaro, te whakarite i ngā mahi, te whakataurite i ngā tukanga, te whakapai ake i te taiao.

Ngā Pānga:

- Ka whakapakari i te kotahitanga, ka whakarei ake i te noho tahi, ā, ka whakahihiko i ngā kaimahi.

Ngā mātāpono hiroki:

- Te whakakore i ngā para, te arotau i ngā tukanga, te arotahi ki te kounga, te arotahi ki ngā kiritaki.

Te Whakatinanatanga:

- Te mahere rerenga uara, te whakahaere kanban, te whakapai tonu.

Ngā wero me ngā otinga:

- Te ātete ki te huringa (whakangungu), ngā noho motuhake (te mahi tahi ā-mahi), ngā āputa pūkenga (te kimi kaimahi/te whakawhanaketanga).

Ngā horopaki tono:

- Te aroturukitanga taputapu mamao, te tātari raraunga whakaputa, te mahi tahi me te mekameka tuku, te whai i ngā hua.

Whakapai ake:

- Ngā tūāpapa ipurangi ahumahi mō te whakahaere raraunga.

Ngā Wero:

- Te haumarutanga ipurangi, te hototahitanga o ngā taputapu, te korenga o ngā pūkenga.

Ngā whakaritenga motuhake:

- Whakarōpūtia (tangohia ngā mea kāore e tika ana), Whakatakotoria (tāpiritanga), Whakapaipaitia (ma), Whakatakotoria (tuhinga), Pupuritia (whakahaere).

Te Whakatinanatanga:

- Te whakatūnga tīma → whakangungu → whakataetae → arotake mahi.

Ngā Pānga:

- He taiao ma ake, he iti ake ngā hapa, he pai ake te whai huatanga, me te mōhio ki te kounga.

Ngā tono:

- Te hoahoa mariko, te huihuinga, me te whakatauira whakaputa.

Ngā Painga:

- He poto ake ngā huringa R&D, he iti ake ngā utu, he pai ake te whakamahere whakaputa.

Ngā arai:

- Te utu nui o ngā pūmanawa, te uauatanga hangarau, me ngā āputa i waenga i te whakatauira me te mooni.