PCB iti te ngaronga

Whakawākia mā te pūmau dielectric (Dk) me te uara Df. He iti ake te Df o ngā rauemi iti-ngaronga, ā, he kaha ake te pumau o te Dk i ngā auau teitei.

Ko ngā tono ko ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero 5G (ngaru mirimita), ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero amiorangi (Ka band), ngā pūnaha radar (neke atu i te 30GHz), me ngā ara iahiko matihiko tere-teitei (28Gbps+).

E rua ki te rima ngā wā teitei ake. Hei tauira, ko te utu mō te FR-4 he tata ki te 100 CNY/m², ko te utu mō te Rogers RO4350B kei waenga i te 500-800 CNY/m².

Mō ia 0.001 whakahekenga i te Df, ka heke te ngaronga tuku o ngā tohu 10GHz mā te 0.5dB/10cm pea, ka whakapai ake i te pono o te tohu.

Rogers RO4350B: -40°C~280°C; Isola 370HR: -55°C~280°C.

Ae, ka taea e ia te whakatutuki i te hoahoa ara iahiko tere-tiketike matatini, engari me whakahaere te tika o te whakaritenga i waenga i ngā paparanga (≤±50μm).

Tīpakohia i runga i ngā whakaritenga ātete āhuatanga o ngā raina tuku. Hei tauira, ko ngā raina miroiti 50Ω e whakamahi ana i ngā rauemi me te Dk 2.2-3.5.

Āe, ka whakanuia te Dk me te Df e te mimiti makuku. E taunakihia ana kia tunua ki te 125°C mō ngā hāora e 4 hei tango i te makuku i mua i te whakamahinga.

Ko te nuinga e tutuki ana i te paerewa UL94 V-0. Ko ētahi rauemi uku me whai maimoatanga tāpiri kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga ātete mura.

Whakahaere mā te tatau tika i te whānui o te rārangi, te matotoru o te dielectric, te taratara o te pepa parahi (Ra≤0.5μm), me te arotau mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakatauira.

Āta karohia ngā tohu koki-matau (ka whakanui ake i te whakaata mā te ~10%), whakahaeretia te maha o ngā via (ka puta he ngaronga ~0.2dB i ia via), ā, kia mau tonu te roa o ngā tohu (te pekanga

Kia mau ki te ture 3W mō te mokowā rārangi (e toru ngā whakarea o te whānui rārangi), whakamahia te wehewehe whenua, me te whakaiti i te roa o ngā tohu whakarara.

Whakamahia he hanganga whakarārangi ōrite me te mokowā paparanga hiko-whenua ≤0.1mm hei whakaiti i te haruru hiko (pehi i te EMI mā te ~20dB).

Ae, engari me whakahaere te taratara o te pakitara o te kōhao (Ra≤1μm); ki te kore, ka tāpirihia he 0.3dB ngaronga mō ia inihi o te pakitara o te kōhao.

He mea nui. Ka whakanui ake te auau teitei i te whakapaunga hiko. Whakamahia ngā rauemi dielectric me te kawe wera ≥1W/mK.

Whakamahia ngā porowhita moroiti me ngā ara iahiko taurite LC hei pupuri i te ngaronga whakahoki i raro i te -20dB (roopu 10GHz).

Āe. Me whakakikorua ngā papa ki te koura mārō (matotoru ≥3μm) hei ārai i te waikura kei pā ki te mahi whakapā auau teitei.

Kia mau tonu te ōwehenga whānui rārangi-ki-te-mokowā 1:1, whakahaerea te aukati i te 100Ω±5%, ā, kia kaua e iti iho i te 0.1mm te hapa whakarara.

Whakamahia te Thevenin, te AC termination matching rānei, kia mau tonu ai te tauwehenga whakaata i raro i te 0.1 (18GHz band).

Me kaha ake te whakahaere i te pāmahana whakapiri (te rerekētanga ±2°C), te keri tino tika (te ātete ki te whakatuwheratanga ±25μm), me te whakakikoruatanga hiko ōrite.

Keri taiaho (pūwero iti rawa 0.1mm) keri CNC rānei (pūwero iti rawa 0.2mm), me te whakahaere i te taratara o te pakitara o te kōhao.

Ka puta te wehewehenga dielectric mēnā kāore i te tika te whakarārangi. E taunakihia ana te whakarārangi korehau me te pēhanga e whakahaeretia ana i te 5-8MPa.

Whakamahia te pepa parahi RTF (Ra≤0.3μm), e whakaiti ana i te ngaronga mā te 15%-20% ki te whakaritea ki te pepa parahi noa.

Tunua ki te 150°C mō ngā hāora e 2 i muri i te whakakikoruatanga hei whakamama i te ahotea, me te piko ≤0.7%.

Mō te auau teitei, e taunakihia ana te ENIG, te hiriwa rumaki rānei hei karo i te waikura OSP i ngā pāmahana teitei, ka nui ake ai te ngaronga.

Tukanga tuku iho: 4mil/4mil; tukanga matatau: 2mil/2mil.

Me ≤0.02 te kopare whakarewa Df. Ka nui ake te ngaronga (0.1dB/10cm ia 10μm) mēnā ka nui rawa te matotoru.

Whakamahia ngā mīhini whakaatu LDI tino tika (tika whakarārangi ±25μm) me ngā pine tūnga ā-ringa.

Tata ki te 10%-15%, ko te nuinga nā te wehewehenga dielectric me te kore tutuki i te aukati.

Whakamahia he tātari whatunga whārite (VNA) me ngā taputapu whakamātautau moroiti, e kapi ana i te roopu auau ūnga.

Āraitanga kotahi-pito ±10%, āraitanga rerekētanga ±8%, me whai tauira i ngā tūranga maha.

Mā te whakamātautau kaha kiri, me whai kaha here i waenga i te pepa parahi me te paparanga dielectric ≥1.5N/mm.

Whakamahia te TDR, te VNA rānei. Whakamātauria te ngaronga o te raina tuku 10cm ≤3dB (10GHz).

Whakahaerehia he whakamātautau ru wera (260°C, 10 huringa), me te kore e hiahiatia he wehewehe, he ara iahiko tuwhera rānei.

Me tutuki ngā tukunga irahiko ki te EN 55032 Akomanga B, me te whai huatanga o te parepare ≥40dB (1GHz).

Mā te whakamātautau tawhā-S, me whai mate whakaurunga o te kotahi mā te ≤0.5dB (15GHz).

Hapa whakamātautau ≤±0.05, mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu me ngā taputapu whakamātautau kua whakatikatikaina.

Whakamātauria te pakeketanga o te wera makuku (85°C/85% RH, 1000 hāora), me te whakahekenga o te mahi

Whakamātautau hoahoa kanohi (teitei kanohi ≥80%), whakamātautau wiri (RJ+DJ ≤5% o UI), whakamātautau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero (whakawhiti kōrero tata-mutunga ≤-30dB).

AAU (Active Antenna Unit), ngā kōwae RF o mua, e hiahia ana kia iti te ngaronga i roto i ngā roopu ngaru mirimita (24-40GHz).

Tautokohia ngā atanga tere-teitei pēnei i te PCIe 5.0 (32GT/s) me te DDR5 (6400Mbps), ka whakaiti i te whakaiti tohu.

Tirohia te rauemi Df, te taratara o te pepa parahi, mā te hoahoa, me te matotoru o te kopare honohono.

Ko te rerekētanga matotoru o te hikohiko, ngā hapa tukatuka whānui raina, me te pēhanga whakapiri koretake e hua ai te rerekētanga Dk.

Whakanuia ngā arai wera (diameter ≥0.4mm, mokowā ≤1mm) me te whakamahi i ngā rauemi āputa wera.

Tirohia ngā tawhā whakanikoniko me te makuku o ngā rauemi, ā, karohia te rokiroki i te pāmahana tiketike.

Whakamahia te matawai ira tata-papa hei arotahi ki te hononga paparanga mana, mā te haruru, me ētahi atu.

Āe, he pai mō ngā radar ngaru mirimita ADAS (77GHz), engari me tutuki i ngā paerewa pono o te AEC-Q200.

Tāpirihia he taiapa whenua (he ≤50mil te tawhiti) ka taupokina ngā taha ki ngā rauemi mimiti ngaru.

Whakapai ake i te hoahoa paparanga, whakamahia ngā rauemi paerewa, me te whakaputa papatipu (whakaitihia te utu mō ia wae mā te ~30%).

Whakaarohia ngā rauemi FR-4 tere-teitei (hei tauira, Megtron 6, Df=0.012), ka whakaiti i ngā utu mā te ~40%.

Tīpakohia ngā rauemi i runga i te auau whakahaere tuturu, hei tauira, ngā rauemi ngaronga-waenga mō te 2-6GHz.

Te utu mō ia rauemi, te uauatanga o te tukanga (hei tauira, ngā papa paparanga maha, ngā arai matapo/huna), me te tere hua.

Whakamahia te hoahoa o ngā panera, whakangāwarihia ngā tukanga (hei tauira, whakaitihia ngā via matapo/huna), ā, whiriwhiria ngā kaiwhakarato ā-rohe.

Ngā rauemi kawemai: ~4-6 wiki; ngā rauemi ā-rohe: whakaitihia ki te 2-3 wiki.

Āe, whakaitihia te maha o ngā paparanga, ā, whakamahia ngā rahi rauemi paerewa (hei tauira, 18"×24") hei whakaiti i te moumou rauemi.

Kei roto ko ngā utu rauemi, ngā utu tukatuka, me ngā utu mahi anō, e ~15%-20% o ngā utu katoa.

He iti te utu mō te whakaputa whakamātautau rahinga iti, ka whakaiti i te haumitanga rawa pumau mā te ~60%.

Teitei, e hiahia ana ki te tukatuka motuhake; e tata ana ki te 10% o ngā utu hangahanga ko ngā utu hangarua.

IPC-4101 (ngā whakatakotoranga rauemi), IEC 61189 (ngā tikanga whakamātautau), RoHS 2.0 (ngā whakaritenga taiao).

Tukuna mai ngā tauira mō te whakamātautau mura me te mahi hiko; e 4-6 wiki te roa o te tiwhikete.

AEC-Q200 (te pono o te wāhanga kore mahi), ISO 26262 (te haumaru mahi).

Me whiwhi i te tiwhikete MIL-P-55110 (ngā whakaritenga ara iahiko ngaruiti) me te whakamātautau taiao tino kino.

Me tutuki i te RoHS Directive (e aukati ana i ngā matū kino e 6 pēnei i te mata me te mercury) me ngā ture REACH.

Whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau EMC me LVD; e 2-3 marama te roa o te whakamanatanga.

Kia tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ISO 13485 (whakahaere kounga taputapu hauora) me te tiwhikete FDA 510(k).

Ka whakahoutia ngā paerewa IPC i ia ~3-5 tau kia urutau ki ngā hangarau hou.

Whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau pono pērā i te whakamātautau rehu tote (96 hāora) me te whakamātautau wiri (20-2000Hz).

SGS, EUROLAB, TÜV Rheinland, etc.

E whanake ana ki te whakaiti i te Df (

Mā te hoahoa ā-AI ka arotau i te ara (ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga mā te 40%), ā, ka matapaetia hoki ngā take pono o te tohu.

Mā ngā rauemi whakahiato uku (Df

I tēnei wā, he iti noa iho te tika (te whānui o te rārangi ≥ 10 mil), engari e tūmanakohia ana ka tere te hanga tauira ā muri ake nei.

Whakatutukihia te whakaurunga teitei ake mā te whakauru i ngā maramara me ngā wāhanga kore mahi, ka whakaiti i te ngaronga tuku tohu.

Me whai rauemi tino iti te ngaronga (Df

Me tautoko i ngā roopu auau terahertz (100-300GHz) me te Df≤0.0015.

Whakamahia te whakairo wai me te whakapiripiri kore-mata hei whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao mā te ~25%.

Whakatutuki i te aroturukitanga o ngā tawhā tukanga wā-tūturu mā roto i ngā pūnaha MES, ka whakapai ake i te hua mā te 15%.

Te tūhura i te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi atamai (hei tauira, ngā koranu mahara āhua) hei whakatika i ngā kapiti moroiti.

Aromātaihia ngā āheinga tukanga (te whānui iti rawa o ngā rārangi, te maha o ngā paparanga), te tiwhikete, te wā tuku, me te ratonga muri-hoko.

Rogers, Isola, Panasonic, Taconic.

Hangarau Shengyi, Rauemi Hou Huazheng, Jingangguoji, me ngā painga utu-mahi mārama.

He mea nui; me whakarato i ngā ratonga whiriwhiri rauemi, aratohu tukanga, me te tātari rahunga.

Tirohia te kaha whakaputa (m²/marama) me te tere tuku i te wā tika (≥95%).

Ngā inenga mahi, ngā paearu whakaae, te nama mō te takahi, te mana pupuri taonga hinengaro, me ētahi atu.

Me whiwhi i te tiwhikete ISO 9001, ā, me arotake i ngā raraunga SPC (mana whakahaere tukanga tatauranga).

Tauwhāitihia ngā wāhanga whakahoki/whakakapinga i roto i te kirimana; keremehia he utu mēnā he nui ake te reiti hapa i te 5%.

Whiwhi hekenga utu (~5%-10%), whakaritenga kaupapa matua, me te tiritiri hangarau.

Me whai pūrongo whakamātautau RoHS me te tiwhikete pūnaha whakahaere taiao (ISO 14001).

Whakamahia he takai ārai-pūmau, karohia te whakaputa ke/whakapēkē, ā, whakahaerehia te pāmahana i te 5-35℃.

Taiao maroke (haumākū

E taunakihia ana kia whakamahia ngā kai horoi wai; karohia ngā whakarewa whai hauwai hei ārai i te waikura o ngā rauemi.

Tukuna atu ki ngā kamupene hangarua ngaio kia kore ai e parahanga te taiao.

Me tāpiri he tapanga mō te momo rauemi, te tau putanga, te rā hanga, me te awhe whakahaere ārai mate.

E pā ana ki te ~3%-5% o ngā utu katoa; me whakamahi ngā tākai korehau me ngā mea whakamaroke mō ngā hua papai.

Whakarato whakangungu motuhake mō ngā āhuatanga o ngā rauemi, ngā whakatakotoranga tukanga, me te whakahaere taputapu (wā whakangungu ~1 wiki).

He tino uaua; me whai taputapu motuhake (hei tauira, ngā teihana whakahou taiaho) ā, ka taea te kino i te paparanga hiko-kore.

Me pupuri ngā kōnae hoahoa, ngā tawhā tukanga, ngā pūrongo whakamātautau, me ētahi atu, mō te iti rawa i te 5 tau.