PCB auau teitei

E whakamahi ana i ngā rauemi iti-ngaronga (pērā i a Rogers 4350B), me te ātete whānui raina ±0.01mm, te tika whakahaere mokowā paparanga tohu ±5%, me te tika whakahaere parenga ±5Ω.

Ngā teihana turanga 5G (24.25-52.6GHz), ngā whakawhitiwhitinga amiorangi (Ka band 26.5-40GHz), te radar mirimita-ngaru (77GHz), ngā pokapū raraunga tere-teitei (100Gbps+).

I arotakehia i roto i te rahinga mā te whakamahi i ngā tawhā pēnei i te ngaronga whakaurunga (-20dB@10GHz), me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero (

E pā ana ki te hanganga ngota ngota rauemi, te pāmahana (ka piki te Df mā te 3%-5% mō ia pikinga 10℃), me te auautanga (ka piki te Df me te tapawhā o te auautanga).

Rogers 4350B (Dk=3.48, Df=0.0037), Taconic TLY-5 (Dk=2.2, Df=0.0009), Isola 370HR (Dk=3.6, Df=0.004).

Ka whakaitihia e ngā rauemi Dk iti te whakaroa tuku (hei tauira, he 25% te tere ake o te whakaroa o ngā rauemi Dk=2.2 i te FR-4), ā, ka whakaitihia e te Df iti te whakaiti tohu (he 70% te iti iho o te ngaronga i te FR-4 ina Df=0.001).

Ko te mimiti wai >0.5% ka nui ake ngā rerekētanga o te Dk i te 5%. E taunakihia ana kia whakamahia ngā rauemi he iti iho i te 0.1% te mimiti wai (pērā i a Rogers 4350B me te 0.04% te mimiti wai).

Whakaritea ngā rauemi me te Dk

Mā te tāpiri i ngā uku konumohe waikura ka taea te whakanui ake i te rauemi Tg ki te 280℃+ me te whakaiti i te tauwehenga whakawhānui wera (CTE) ki te 2-3ppm/℃, ka whakapai ake i te pumau i te pāmahana tiketike.

I roto i ngā tukanga tuku iho, ko te whānui/mokowā o ngā rārangi he ≥50μm; ka taea e ngā tukanga matatau te eke ki te 30μm, me te hiahia kia taurite te mana whakahaere ārai.

Whakamahia te whakarārangi ōrite, me te mokowā ≤0.1mm i waenga i ngā paparanga hiko me te paparanga whenua, me te ≤0.05mm i waenga i ngā paparanga tohu me ngā paparanga tohutoro hei whakaiti i te pokanoa hikohiko.

Ka puta te mate -3dB i ngā vias noa i te 10GHz. Mā te whakamahi i te keri-muri (te tango i te roa o te pou) ka taea te whakaiti i te mate mā te neke atu i te 60%.

Āta karohia te ara koki-matau (ka piki ake te whakaata mā te 15%), whakaritea kia 45° ngā kokonga; whakahaeretia te horahanga o te koropiko tohu

Whakamahia te keri taiaho CO₂ (tika o te kōhao ±5μm) hei karo i te wehewehenga mai i te keri ā-ringa, me te taratara o te pakitara kōhao Ra≤1.2μm.

Whakamahia te whakakikorua parahi kore-hiko + te parahi whakakikorua-hiko, whakahaeretia te taratara o te paparanga parahi Rz≤2μm hei whakaiti i te ngaronga o te mata (ka piki te ngaronga mā te 10% mō ia pikinga o te taratara 1μm).

Koura rumaki nikara kore-hiko (ENIG) he matotoru 1-3μm me te ātete pa

Me whakahaere te pāmahana whakapiripiri i te rauemi Tg+30℃ (hei tauira, te pāmahana whakapiripiri Rogers 4350B 210-230℃), me te pēhanga 5-8MPa hei karo i te wehewehe.

Whakamahia te TDR (te ine whakaata rohe-wā) hei kite i te haere tonu o te aukati, te hihi-X hei kite mā te peka tūranga (±0.05mm e whakaaetia ana), me te AOI hei kite i te ātete whānui rārangi.

Whakamahia ngā rauemi Df iti, arotauhia te taratara o te pepa parahi (he 30% te iti iho o te ngaronga o te pepa parahi RTF i te pepa parahi RA), ā, whakapotohia te roa o te tohu.

Tirohia ngā momo aukati (pēnei i ngā vias, ngā hononga), whakarite kia

Ka puta te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i te roa rawa o te tohu whakarara. Mā te whakanui ake i te mokowā rārangi ki te mātāpono 3W (ko te whānui rārangi ko te W) me te tāpiri i te wehenga whenua ka taea te whakaiti i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mā te 20dB.

Whakamutua mā te whakamahi i ngā ātete e ōrite ana (ātete = aukati raina tuku) ka whakamahi i ngā whakawhiti whānui raina āta haere hei whakaiti i te tauwehenga whakaata i raro i te 0.1.

Mā te whakamahi i tētahi whakangungu rakau, ka taea te whakaiti i te kaha o te irahiko mā te 40dB, ā, mā te whakamahi i tētahi whakangungu rakau, ka taea te whakaiti i te kaha o te irahiko mā te 40dB.

Ko te kawe hiko mā te pepa parahi (te kawe wera 398W/mK) e 70% te nui, ko te kawe hiko rauemi e 20%, ā, ko te kawe hiko/irahiko e 10%.

Whakanuia te wera mā te mātotoru (≥200/cm²), whakamahia te pepa parahi matotoru (≥3oz), ā, whakakotahitia ki ngā totohu wera hei whakaiti i te ātete wera mā te 40%.

Papa konumohe (170W/mK) > papa parahi (398W/mK) > FR-4 noa (0.35W/mK).

Mō ia pikinga 10℃, ka piki te Dk mā te 0.5%-1%, ā, ka piki te Df mā te 3%-5%. Ko te pāmahana whakahaere e taunakitia ana he

Mā te diameter 0.3-0.5mm, te mokowā ≤1mm hei whakarite i ngā ara kawe wera whai hua me te whakaiti i te ātete wera mā te 30%.

Whakamātautau tawhā-S (S11, S21, me ētahi atu), whakamātautau aukati, whakamātautau mate hiko-kore, whakamātautau huringa pāmahana (-40℃~125℃, 500 huringa).

S11 (ngaronga whakahoki), S21 (ngaronga whakauru). Ka hipokina e te awhe auau whakamātautau te roopu whakahaere me te tika o te ±0.5dB.

Whakahaerehia he whakamātautau wera makuku (85℃/85% RH, 1000h) me te whakamātautau rehu tote (5% NaCl, 24h) hei manatoko i te ātete o te rauemi ki te huarere.

Ka ine i te āhua o te ngaru whakaata mā te tuku i tētahi tohu taahiraa hei kimi i ngā motumotu ārai, me te taumira tae atu ki te 0.1mm.

Whakamahia ngā rūma anechoic hei whakamātautau i ngā tukunga hihi (≤-40dBμV/m@1GHz) me te whakamātautau i te whai huatanga o te whakangungu rakau (>60dB).

Whakamahia te whakapiringa hauota (kei raro i te 50ppm te nui o te hāora) me te pāmahana teitei o te 230-250℃ hei karo i te wehewehe rauemi.

Tīpakohia ngā hononga auau-teitei pēnei i te SMA, 2.92mm, 1.85mm, me ētahi atu, me ngā auau whakahaere e kapi ana i te roopu e hiahiatia ana, me te ngaronga whakaurunga

Kia taurite te aukati i waenga i ngā hononga me ngā PCB, ā, horoia ngā pito i muri i te whakapiringa hei whakaiti i te ngaronga mā te 15%.

Me tutuki ngā whakaritenga o te roopu 24-52GHz, me te whakatau i ngā take whakamarara wera (kiato mana >10W/cm²) me te whakaitiiti.

Kua whiwhi i te tiwhikete AEC-Q200, me te pāmahana whakahaere o -40℃~125

IPC-4101 (whakatakotoranga rauemi turanga), IPC-6012 (paerewa whakaae papa pakari), IEEE 802.3 (paerewa tohu tere-teitei).

E tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga o te MIL-PRF-55110 (ngā ara iahiko ngaruiti), te pāmahana whakahaere -55℃~125℃, kua paahitia ngā whakamātautau rehu tote me te pokepokea ai.

E tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga AEC-Q200 (tiwhikete wāhanga kore mahi) me te ISO 26262 (haumarutanga mahi).

E tutuki ana i te 3GPP TR 38.810 (taputapu teihana turanga), te ngaronga whakaurunga -15dB.

E whai ana i te NASA-STD-8739.3 (ngā rauemi hiko), i paahitia te whakamātautau wera makuku 1000-hāora, te huringa Dk

Ngā rauemi tino iti te ngaronga (Df

I whakaitihia te CTE ki te 1ppm/℃, i whakapikihia te kawe wera ki te 100W/mK, me te pupuri tonu i te Dk iti (2.8).

He teitei ake te Dk (3.0-3.5) me te Df (20%-30% teitei ake) o ngā rauemi ngāwari, engari ka taea te whakamahi i te ara 3D.

He rauemi e pai ana ki te taiao (pērā i te muka rinena) me te Dk=3.2 me te Df=0.004, e tika ana mō ngā taputapu hiko kaihoko.

He papa uku Al₂O₃ me te Dk=9.8 me te kawe wera 24W/mK, he pai mō te whakauru i ngā taputapu hiko.

Kaihoahoa Altium, Cadence Allegro, ANSYS HFSS (whakatauira hikohiko), Keysight ADS (whakatauira ara iahiko).

Hangaia he tauira 3D, whakatakotoria ngā tawhā rauemi me ngā herenga rohe, whakatauirahia ngā tawhā-S me te tohatoha mara me te hapa

Ka whakahaere i te whakatauira taumata-ara iahiko, ka arotau i ngā whatunga taurite, ka matapae i te ngaronga whakaurunga me te ngaronga whakahoki, ā, ka tautoko i te tātaritanga tawhā-S maha-tauranga.

Hapa i roto i te ±3Ω, me whakatikatika ki ngā tawhā tukanga tuturu (pēnei i te taratara o te pepa parahi, te matotoru o te dielectric).

Whakatikatikahia te tahora o te tohu i runga i te tohatoha o te mara, arotauhia te taurite aukati mā te matawai tawhā, me te hoahoa auau hei whakaiti i ngā ngaronga.

Mīhini keri taiaho (tika ±5μm), mīhini whakapiri korehau, mīhini whakairo tino tika (ātete whānui rārangi ±0.01mm).

He taiaho CO₂ e tika ana mō ngā papa matotoru (>1mm) he nui ngā kōhao (≥0.3mm); he taiaho UV e tika ana mō ngā papa angiangi (

Te nekehanga korehau

Te tauwehenga whakairo ≥3:1, me te whakarite kia iti iho te nui o te whakairo taha i te 0.02mm kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga o te ara whakairo pai.

Ka taea te kite i te whānui rārangi/te pekapeka (±0.005mm), ngā ara poto/ngā ara iahiko tuwhera, te rahi iti rawa o te hapa 0.01mm.

E tutuki ana i te RoHS 2.0 (e aukati ana i ngā matū kino e 6 pēnei i te mata me te mercury), ko te ihirangi halogen

Whakamahia he whakapiringa kore-mata, he iti iho i te 0.1mg/L te ihirangi konganuku taumaha i muri i te maimoatanga wai para, ā, hangarua ngā para (te tere whakaora > 95%).

Whakaorahia te parahi mā te kuru ā-tinana me te whakarewanga matū (te tere whakaora > 98%), ā, tukatukahia ngā para kapia kia kore e pā kino.

He rauemi kei roto i te waikawa polylactic me te Dk=3.3 me te Df=0.005, te tere pirau > 80% i roto i ngā rā 180 i muri i te whakamahinga.

Ka piki ake ngā utu mā te 10%-15% e ngā tukanga taiao, engari mā te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ka karohia ngā mōrearea whiu.

Ka arotauhia e ngā rauropi AI te āhua o te ara, ka whakaitihia te wā hoahoa ā-ringa mā te 50% me te ngaronga tohu mā te 15%.

Ka taea te whakahohe i ngā hanganga 3D matatini me te tika o te whakarārangi i waenga i ngā paparanga ±0.05mm, engari he nui te ngaronga rauemi i tēnei wā (Df=0.01).

Me hiahia he rauemi tino iti te ngaronga (Df

E hiahiatia ana ngā rauemi he Dk

Ka whakamahi i te hangarau tākai 2.5D/3D hei whakapoto i ngā ara tohu me te whakaiti i te ngaronga pūnaha mā te 30%.

Āta karohia ngā taiao pāmahana teitei me te haumākū teitei (pāmahana

Whakamahia te keri whakamuri hei tango i te taikaha mā roto i ngā pou, me te roa o te pou ≤1/8λ; whakamahia te whakapiringa whakawhiti-rua mā roto i te kōhao hei whakaiti i te kaha pirinoa.

Whakaritea ngā rauemi Dk iti (

Whakamātauria ngā tawhā-S me te taputapu tātari whatunga, me S11 ≤ -15dB me te hapa ārai āhuatanga ±5Ω; whakamahia te TDR hei tirotiro i te tauwehenga whakaata

Ko te matotoru o te paparanga whakawehe 0.05-0.2mm, ko te taratara o te pepa parahi Ra≤0.5μm; ko ngā tohu paparanga tata he orthogonal, ko te mokowā paparanga mana/whenua

Whakamahia ngā kēne ārai whakarewa (te whai huatanga o te ārai ≥80dB) me te whānui o te āputa

Te mokowā rārangi ≥3×te whānui rārangi, te hapa roa

He maeneene te mata o te ENIG, he iti hoki te ngaronga; he pai te matotoru angiangi o te OSP mō ngā tono auau teitei, ā, ka karohia te ngaronga aukume mai i ngā paparanga nikara.

Whakamahia te HFSS/CST mō te whakatauira hikohiko ngaru-katoa hei manatoko i te SI/PI; whakahaerehia te tātaritanga whiti-tawhā S i ngā pūwāhi auau ≥10.

Kōwhiria ngā rauemi he CTE ≤15ppm/℃, whakanuia te wera mā te mātotoru (≥20/cm²), ā, whakamahia ngā papa parahi kua whakakikoruatia ki te konganuku.

Whakamahia ngā rauemi Df iti-rahi e hangai ana ki te PTFE; arotauhia te matotoru o te paparanga dielectric kia tutuki ai ngā tikanga orooro λ/4 me te whakaiti i te ngaronga pūngao.

Ko te ātete whānui raina ±0.02mm ka hua ake te aukati ±3Ω; ko te ātete matotoru whāiti ±0.01mm ka hua ake te peka Dk ±0.1, me tino whakahaere.

Whakatakotoria ngā huinga MLCC (10nF/100nF/1μF) ki te putanga hiko; wehewehea te paparanga hiko me te mokowā ≥50mil i waenga i ngā rohe ngaohiko.

Te aukati whakapā o te hononga