PCB whakauru

He papa ara iahiko te PCB kua whakauruhia, kei roto ngā wāhanga hiko (pērā i ngā maramara, ngā ātete, me ngā pūnga) kua whakauruhia tika ki roto i ōna paparanga o roto, hei whakaiti i te rahi, hei whakapai ake hoki i te mahi.

Ka taea e ngā PCB whakauru te tanu i ētahi wāhanga hei whakaiti i te noho wāhi me te whakapoto i ngā ara tohu; ko te nuinga o ngā wāhanga o ngā PCB noa he mea whakairi ki te mata.

He pai mō ngā horopaki he nui ngā whakaritenga mō te rahi me te mahi, pērā i ngā waea atamai, ngā taputapu mau, ngā radar waka, me ngā taputapu rererangi.

Tātari whakaritenga → hoahoa kauwhata → whakamahere tahora (tae atu ki ngā wāhanga whakauru) → hoahoa ara (arotahi ki te pono o te tohu) → tirotiro ture hoahoa → putanga kōnae papa.

Whakaarohia te pūmau dielectric, te tauwehenga ngaronga, me te tauwehenga whānui wera. Mō ngā tono auau teitei, whiriwhiria ngā rauemi pūmau dielectric iti me te iti-ngaronga; mō te pumau wera teitei, whiriwhiria ngā rauemi he iti ngā tauwehenga whānui wera.

Whakatakotoria ngā wāhanga mā te whakamahi i ngā kōwae mahi hei whakapoto i ngā ara tohu; whakamararatia ngā wāhanga whakaputa wera hei whakamarara i te wera; whakanohohia ngā wāhanga tairongo kia matara atu i ngā pūtake haruru; whakaarohia te whaihua o te tukanga.

Ka hangaia ngā ātete mā te tāpiri i ngā rauemi ātete ki te paparanga dielectric; ka whakamahia e ngā capacitor ngā rauemi dielectric-teitei kua pania ki te pepa parahi, ki ngā papa rānei; ka whakatinanahia ngā inductors mā roto i ngā koiri porowhita i waenganui i ngā paparanga.

Me whakarite kia pono ngā hononga hiko, whakaarohia te marara o te wera, te āheinga ki te whakamātautau, me te āheinga ki te tiaki, me te whai i ngā aratohu hoahoa a ngā kaihanga maramara.

Whakamaherehia te mana me ngā paparanga whenua kia rite ki te whakapaunga mana, kia mau tonu te pumau o te papa hiko, whakaitihia te ātete ā-roto me te maturuturunga ngaohiko, me te whakarato i te pūtake hiko pumau.

Whakahaerehia te roa o te tohu, whakaritea te whānui me te mokowā o te tohu kia tika hei whakaiti i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, kia ōrite te aukati mō ngā tohu tere-tiketike, me te whakaiti i te pānga o ngā tawhā pirinoa mā.

I runga i ngā rauemi me te hoahoa ara, ka taea e ia te eke ki ētahi Gbps, neke atu rānei, me te hoahoa tika, pērā i te neke atu i te 10 Gbps i roto i ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero matatau.

Whakamahia ngā tātai pēnei i te tātai rārangi miroiti (Z0 = (87/√(εr+1.41))×ln(5.98H/(0.8W+T))) ngā tātai rārangi miroiti rānei, whakamahia rānei he pūmanawa hoahoa mō te tatau.

Ka pāngia e te ngaronga rauemi (te ngaronga o te dielectric/conductor), te roa o te tohu, te auau tohu, te maha o ngā vias, me te kore taurite o te aukati.

Wehewehea ngā tahora ara iahiko anaro me te mamati, tiakina ngā tohu tairongo, whakarite i te pono o ngā papa hiko me ngā papa whenua, whakamahia ngā ara iahiko tātari, me te arotau i ngā tohu hei whakaiti i te horahanga porowhita.

Whakatūria ngā papa whenua nunui, whakanuia ngā ara whenua, whakapotoa ngā ara whenua, ā, whiriwhiria te whenua kotahi-ira/maha-ira/ranu e ai ki te auautanga.

Tātarihia ngā tawhā pēnei i te aukati whatunga hiko, te maturuturunga ngaohiko, me te tohatoha iahiko mā te pūmanawa whakatauira hei aromatawai i ngā pānga me te arotau.

He kaha ki te ārai i te pokanoa, te pehi i te pokanoa aratau-noa, te whakapai ake i te tere tuku me te pono, me te whakahaere i te ara kiato-teitei.

Kia mau tonu te ōritetanga o te roa (te rerekētanga ≤ 10% o te tawhiti tuku e rite ana ki te taha piki o te tohu), te whānui me te mokowā o te tohu, te whakahaere i te aukati (hei tauira, 100Ω), me te karo i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.

Whakaitihia te rahi o te whiti, whakanuia te papa-ārai, tāpirihia ngā whiti whenua huri noa, ā, whakahaeretia te ōwehenga āhua (≤6).

Whakahaerehia te pono o te tohu, te pono o te hiko, me ngā tātaritanga whakatauira EMI, me te whakamātautau i ngā tauira (hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i ngā tātaritanga whatunga me ngā oscilloscopes).

I whakatauhia e te teitei o te wāhanga, te maha o ngā paparanga, te kaha ā-pūkaha, me ngā horopaki tono, pērā i te 0.5-1.5mm mō ngā PCB waea pūkoro me te 1.6-3.2mm mō ngā taputapu ahumahi.

Whakaarohia te huihuinga me ētahi atu wāhanga, te kaha ā-pūkaha, te wāhi e marara ai te wera, me te pānga o te whakaurunga o te wāhanga ki te mahi ā-pūkaha.

Kia tika te whakatakotoranga o ngā wāhanga whakaputa wera, tāpirihia ngā hongere whakamarara wera (hei tauira, ngā kōhao wera, te pepa parahi), tīpakohia ngā rauemi kawe wera teitei, tāpirihia ngā taputapu whakamarara wera mēnā e tika ana, me te arotau mā te whakatauira wera.

Ko ngā tikanga noa ko te whakapiri tīwiri, te whakapiri topenga, me te whakapiri whakarewa, e tika ana mō ngā āhuatanga tiaki-nui, tāutanga-watea, me te pumau-teitei.

Whakapai ake i te kaha ā-ringa mā te whakanui ake i te matotoru o te papa, mā te tāpiri rānei i ngā whakamārō, te tohatoha ōrite i te taumaha, te whakamahi i ngā rauemi ngongo-ru hei ārai, me te whakakaha i ngā wāhanga matua.

Tauritehia te anga o te taputapu, karohia ngā taha koi, whakaarohia ngā tukanga whakaputa (hei tauira, te tapahi, te tā), me te hoahoa i ngā hanganga arataki mono-roto.

Tāpirihia he peita ārai-toru, whakamahia ngā hononga ārai-wai, mahia te hiri, ā, kaua e waiho ngā wāhanga matua ki ngā wāhi wai/puehu i te wā e tahora ana.

Ka taea e ngā pāmahana tiketike te whakawhanui i te papa me te nekenekehanga o ngā tawhā wāhanga; ka taea e ngā pāmahana iti te pakarukaru i ngā rauemi. Ka mahi ngā PCB taumata-ahumahi i te -40℃~85℃, me ngā whakaritenga taumata-hoia tino kaha ake.

Tātarihia te whakarerekētanga me te tohatoha ahotea mā te whakatauira ahotea miihini, me te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau pānga, te wiri, me ngā whakamātautau koroheketanga roa.

He rerekē ngā kaha ā-pūkaha me ngā tauwehenga whānui wera o ngā rauemi rerekē. Hei tauira, he pai te mahi whānui a te FR-4 engari he teitei te tauwehenga whānui wera, engari he pai ake te pumau wera me te kaha ā-pūkaha o ngā rauemi polyimide.

Me whai tukanga tāpiri mō te whakauru wāhanga ngā PCB kua whakauruhia, pērā i te hanga hanganga paparanga me te whakapiringa tika ake, me ngā whakaritenga teitei ake mō te keri me te tika o te whakakikorua.

Tae atu ki te whakarārangi, te tukatuka mā roto i te moroiti (te kōhao ≤50μm), te whakauru wāhanga, me te maimoatanga mata (hei tauira, te whakakikorua koura, te rehu tine).

Tauwhāitihia ngā tūponotanga tika i roto i te hoahoa, whakamahia ngā taputapu tino tika (pēnei i ngā mīhini keri CNC), ā, whakahaerehia he tirotiro ā-ahu tino tika me ngā whakarerekētanga tukanga i roto i ia tukanga.

Tirohia ngā rauemi mata (ngā papa, ngā wāhanga), aroturukihia ngā tawhā whakapiri/keri/whakakikorua, whakamahia ngā whakamātautau hihi-X me ngā whakamātautau tirotiro rere hei kite i ngā hononga ā-roto me te mahi hiko, me te whakahaere i te tirotiro katoa o ngā hua kua oti.

Ngā mirumiru whakapiri/te wehewehe, te hē o te keri/te āputa kore taurite, te hononga wāhanga ngoikore/te ara iahiko poto, te maimoatanga mata ngoikore, te rerekētanga o ngā āhuatanga, me ētahi atu.

Arotauhia ngā tawhā pāmahana, pēhanga, me te wā whakarārangi, tukatukahia ngā papa i mua i te whakamahinga hei tango i te makuku me ngā poke, ā, whakamahia te whakarārangi korehau hei pana i te hau.

Whakamahia ngā taputapu keri tino tika hei whakahaere i ngā tawhā, mahi whakairo moroiti ki ngā pakitara poka hei whakapai ake i te piri o te whakakikorua parahi, me te kimi i te kounga mā te tapahi whakarewa.

Matawai me te whakamātautau i ngā wāhanga i mua i te whakaurunga, arotauhia ngā tukanga whakaurunga kia mau ai ngā hononga, me te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau hiko whānui me ngā whakamātautau pono i muri i te hangahanga.

E pāngia ana e te utu o ngā rauemi (he nui ake te utu o ngā rauemi mahi teitei), te uaua o ngā tukanga (hei tauira, ngā micro-vias, te whakauru wāhanga), te rahinga whakaputa, me te utu tirotiro.

Rangahauhia te kaha hangarau (ngā taputapu, ngā tukanga), ngā pūnaha whakahaere kounga, ngā take whakaputa, ngā arotake a ngā kiritaki, ngā whakatau utu, me ngā wā tuku.

Tae atu ki te tirotiro tirohanga, te whakamātautau hiko (mita maha, oscilloscope, tātari whatunga), whakamātautau mahi, tirotiro hihi-X, whakamātautau ine rere, me ētahi atu.

Whakamahia ngā whao o te taputapu ICT hei whakapā atu ki ngā pūwāhi whakamātautau, hei kite hoki i ngā tawhā hiko o ngā wāhanga, ngā ara iahiko poto, ngā ara iahiko tuwhera, ngā tawhā rerekētanga, me ētahi atu. Me waiho ngā pūwāhi whakamātautau i roto i te hoahoa.

Whakatauira i te taiao mahi tuturu, whakamātautauhia ngā mahi katoa, whai i te raupapa o ngā whakamātautau taketake ki ngā whakamātautau uaua, me te tuhi me te tātari i ngā hapa.

Whakamahia te atanga JTAG hei whakahaere i ngā pūtau matawai rohe o roto o te maramara, hei kimi i ngā āhua pine me ngā hononga i waenga i ngā maramara, me te tautuhi i ngā hapa ara iahiko tuwhera me ngā hapa ara iahiko poto.

Tuatahi tirohia te āhua (ngā wāhanga kua wera, ngā hononga whakarewa pakaru), kātahi ka whakamātautau hiko hei whakawhāiti i te awhe hapa, tātarihia ngā hononga pea i runga i te hoahoa, ā, whakamahia te tikanga whakakapinga hei whakatau i te pūwāhi hapa.

He teitei rawa, nā te mea kei roto ngā wāhanga i ngā paparanga o roto. Me tango marie ngā paparanga o runga kia kitea ai te pūwāhi hapa, me pani anō kia ora ai te āhua i muri i te tiaki, me te karo hoki i ngā pānga ki ētahi atu ara iahiko.

Whakamahia ngā taputapu tino tika pērā i ngā taputapu whakarewa ira-iti me ngā tweezers tino tika. Whakamaherehia te kaupapa tiaki i mua i te wā, ā, whakamahia te whakamahana ā-rohe hei whakahaere i te pāmahana.

Whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau hiko (te pono o te tohu, te pono o te mana), ngā whakamātautau mahi, me ngā whakamātautau pono (te koroheketanga, te wiri).

Te whakawhanake i ngā mahere whakamātautau, ngā tukanga tātaritanga hapa, ngā whakatakotoranga mahi tiaki, me ngā tukanga manatoko kounga.

Ngā taputapu whakamātautau: mita maha, oscilloscope, tātari whatunga, me ētahi atu. Ngā taputapu tiaki: taputapu whakarewa ira-iti, pū hau wera, me ētahi atu.

Whakaarohia te tika o te ātete, te whakatauranga mana, me te tauwehenga pāmahana. Tīpakohia ngā ātete i runga i ngā whakaritenga o te ara iahiko.

Whakamahia mō te tātari, te wetewete, te rokiroki pūngao, te hononga tohu, me ētahi atu.

Whakatauhia i runga i te auau whakahaere, te aukume, me te kaha o te iahiko. Mō te tātari mana, whakaarohia te iahiko riporipo me te iahiko kawenga.

Whakaarohia te mahi, te whakapaunga hiko, te momo mōkihi, te pono, me te tautoko a te kaihanga.

Whakatauritehia ngā tawhā hiko me ngā ine ā-tinana i te wā hoahoa. Tīpakohia ngā wāhanga e hototahi ana ki ngā rauemi me ngā tukanga o te papa, ā, whakahaerehia he manatoko whakatauira.

Mō ngā wāhanga kore mahi, whakahaerehia te pāmahana me te wā hei ārai i te whakapiringa makariri. Mō ngā wāhanga hohe, whakamahia ngā taputapu tino tika (hei tauira, te whakapiringa rere anō) hei whakarite i ngā hononga pono me te ārai i te kino o te wera.

Tātaitia te roa o te ora mā roto i ngā whakamātautau koroheketanga tere, ngā raraunga kaihanga, me te aroturukitanga roa o ngā raraunga rahunga tuturu.

Ātete: uara nekeneke/ara iahiko tuwhera. Pūnga: turuturu/ara iahiko poto. Pūngao hiko: huringa hiko/poto takai. Maramara: rahunga mahi/ngā hapa pine.

Rokiroki mā te kāwai me te tiaki i te makuku me te ESD. Kia mau ki tētahi pūnaha rarangi taonga hei tuhi i ngā mōhiohio, hei whakahaere tauira auau, me te whakahaere i ngā taumata taonga i runga i te tikanga tika.

Whakanuia te mokowā ara (≥3×whānui), whakamahia te wehewehe whenua, arotauhia te āhua o te ara, me te ārai taurite.

Whakauruhia ngā tawhā pirinoa, ka pāngia pea e te ngaronga me te whakaroa i ngā auau teitei. Ko ngā vias mō ngā tohu i runga ake i te 10GHz me whai diameter

Tāpirihia ngā taputapu tiaki ESD (hei tauira, ngā diode TVS), whakatūria ngā ara tukunga ESD, ā, puritia ngā tohu matua ≥2mm mai i ngā taha o te papa.

Whakamahia te hihi-X hei tirotiro i ngā hononga honohono o roto. Me 0.4-0.6mm te teitei o te hononga, me te tere āputa ≤15%.

ENIG mō te whakapiringa auau teitei me te tika. OSP mō te utu iti (e 6-8 marama te mana). He tīni rumaki mō te whakapiringa ngaru.

Whakatakotoria tika ngā taupoki whakangungu rakau me te aukati whenua

Ko te whānui o te hononga he 0.3-0.5mm, ko te mokowā he ≤1mm, he ≥100 hononga/cm² hei whakarite i te pai o te tohatoha wera.

Raina raraunga DDR4: te roa o te manawanui ±5mil. Ngā takirua rerekētanga PCIe: ±2mil.

Tāpirihia ngā pūnga wetewete (0.1μF mō te auau teitei, 10μF mō te auau iti). Kia iti iho i te 0.1mm te tawhiti o te paparanga hiko/whenua.

Paerewa IPC: ≤0.7% mō ngā tukanga kore-mata, ≤0.5% i ngā rohe BGA.

Whakamahia te tauine ngaohiko hihiri, whakawetohia ngā kōwae mangere, ka tīpako i ngā maramara IQ-iti (hei tauira, te raupapa TI MSP430).

Whakaitihia te ngaronga tohu me ngā tawhā pirinoa, whakapiki ake i te kiato o te ara. He 20%-30% teitei ake te utu i ngā ara whakawhiti-pū.

Whakamahia ngā taputapu CAM350, Altium DFM rānei hei tirotiro i te whānui/mokowā iti rawa o te tohu (≥6mil), te ōwehenga āhua (≤8:1), me ētahi atu.

Ngā tikanga noa: peita ārai-toru (matotoru 0.1-0.3mm), paninga nano (

Whakamahia te hoahoa pā-waho hei whakaiti i te pēhanga ara BGA. E 80% o ngā hiahia noa e tutuki ana i ngā papa papa-4; ≥6 ngā papa mō ngā hoahoa tere-nui.

Tirohia te ma o te papa, te matotoru o te whakapiri honohono (0.12-0.15mm), me te pāmahana rerenga anō (te tihi 235-245℃).

Whakamahia he mita megohm 500V. Me ≥100MΩ te ātete whakamarumaru i te ≤60% te haumākū.

Whakamahia ngā ātete whakamutu (hei tauira, te mahi DDR ODT) me te whakaiti i te aukati. Me whakarite kia iti iho i te 10% te rerekētanga o te aukati.

1oz parahi (35μm): ~1A/mm whānui tohu. 2oz: ~1.5A/mm (pikinga pāmahana

Ka āwhina te mangu i te whakamararatanga o te wera engari he uaua ki te tirotiro. Ko te kakariki te mea tino kitea. He teitei te whakaata o te mā (≈80%).

Diameter noa: 0.4-0.8mm. Papa: 0.5-1.0mm. Me whakamahi ngā wāhanga 0201 mō te papa 0.5mm.

Whakamahia ngā pūmanawa whakatauira pēnei i te ANSYS, i runga i ngā rerekētanga CTE (hei tauira, FR-4 15ppm/℃, parahi 17ppm/℃).

Whakamahia te tātari maha-wāhanga (ngā ara iahiko momo-π). Me whakamahi i ngā tohu mana ≥20mil te whānui hei whakaiti i te aukati ara.

Te whānui ≥0.6mm, te mokowā ≥1.27mm. Te mutunga o te mata ENIG, kāore he uhi kopare whakapiri.

Te horahanga o te koropiko tohu kotahi-pito

Whakamahia te SI9000 hei tatau i te aukati, hei whakahaere i te manawanui ±10%. Whakamahia te taurite whakamutu me te arotautanga āhuarangi.

Whakatakotoranga: ±0.1mm. Diameter o te kōhao: ±0.05mm. Hōhonutanga Tapahi-V: 1/3-2/3 o te matotoru o te papa.

Whakamahia ngā tohu e rite ana te roa ki te nakahi me te ārai whenua. Puritia kia matara atu i ngā rārangi raraunga tere-nui, ā, karohia te whakawhiti paparanga.

Whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau koroheketanga tere (85℃/85%RH, 1000h) me ngā whakamātautau wiri (5-500Hz, whakaterenga 2G).

Ko te rahi o te papa he 0.1-0.2mm te rahi ake i ngā taura wāhanga. Ko te whānui o te papa SMD he 1.2-1.5× te whānui o te taura.

Whakanuia te horahanga parahi wera, whakamahia he piripiri wera (≥1W/mK), ka whakatuwhera i ngā arai wera i raro i ngā wāhanga hiko.

E ai ki te IEC 61000-4-2: te tukunga pā ±8kV, te tukunga hau ±15kV, me te mahi noa.

Ko te matotoru noa he 15-25μm. Me kapi katoa te parahi hei ārai i ngā ara iahiko poto mai i te parahi e kitea ana.

Whakakotahitia te tauwhitiwhiti me te ara-aunoa. Whakatakotoria ngā kaupapa matua o te ara, me ngā tohu matua ka arahia i te tuatahi.

Whakamahanahia: 120-150℃ (60-90s). Rere anō: 217-230℃ (40-60s). Tere whakamatao: 3-6℃/s.

Te tūhonohono ira-kotahi, ira-maha rānei. He maha ngā ira-mō ngā ara iahiko auau-tiketike (>10MHz), me te ātete tūhonohono

Whakaarohia te kaha o te iahiko, te ātete whakapā (

Mātakihia ngā hononga honohono mā te wāhanga whakarewa (te wehewehe whakarewa), kimihia ngā hapa mata me te AOI, tātarihia te hanganga huānga me te XRF.

Te mokowā 5mil, te ātete 100±10Ω, te rerekētanga roa