Te tukanga whakatika PCBA

Ko te tukanga whakahou PCBA (Huihuinga Poari Ara-Poro Tā) he tikanga mō te kimi i ngā hapa i roto i ngā huihuinga he ngoikore te whakapiringa, he ngoikore rānei te mahi, te tango i ngā wāhanga hapa, me te whakapiri anō i ngā wāhanga e tika ana. E whakaatu ana ngā tatauranga e tata ana ki te 5%-15% o ngā PCBA me whakahou i te wā e hanga ana i ngā hua hiko.

Ka arohia e te mahi anō ngā take pēnei i ngā hapa whakapiri me ngā pakaru o ngā wāhanga i te wā whakaputa, me tutuki i te hua kua whakatikahia ngā paerewa whakaputa taketake; ka arohia e te whakatikatika ngā hapa i puta mai i te koroheketanga, te whakamahinga hē, me ētahi atu, i roto i ngā hua kua whakamahia kētia. Ko tētahi paerewa ahumahi pai ko te whakahaere i te reiti hapa mahi anō i roto i te 3%.

Ko te tukanga noa ko: te kimi hapa → te taunga hapa → te tango wāhanga → te horoi papa → te whakapiri wāhanga hou → te tirotiro me te manatoko. I roto i ēnei, ko te tango me te whakapiri wāhanga e 60%-70% o te wā tukanga katoa.

Ahakoa i roto i ngā raina whakaputa SMT matatau, kei te noho tonu te reiti hapa whakapiripiri o te 0.1%-1% (pēnei i te whakapiripiri makariri me te whakapiripiri). Ka taea e te mahi anō te whakapai ake i ngā reiti tohu hua, te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa, me te karo i te whakakore i te papa katoa.

Ka taea e ia te whakapai ake i te hua tuatahi, te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa, te whakarite i te kounga me te pono o te hua, me te whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki i muri i te hoko. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau mā ngā tukanga whakahou pai ka taea te whakanui ake i te pono o te hua mā te 20%-30%.

Kei roto i ēnei ko ngā teihana whakahou hau wera, ngā teihana whakahou infrared, ngā teihana whakahou BGA, ngā papu tango-whakapiripiri, ngā karu hiko, me ētahi atu. I roto i ēnei, ko te tika o te whakahaere pāmahana o ngā teihana whakahou BGA he ±1℃, he pai mō te whakahou i ngā wāhanga BGA tino tika.

Ka whakaputahia he hau wera mā roto i te ngongo whakamahana, ka pupuhihia te hau wera ki runga i ngā wāhanga hei mahi anō mā roto i te pūwero, ka whakarewahia te tūhono kia taea ai te tango, te tūhono rānei. Ko te pāmahana o te hau wera ka taea te whakarite i te nuinga o te wā mai i te 200-450℃, me te tere hau o te 5-50L/min.

He mahi whakahaere pāmahana motuhake ā ngā teihana whakahou BGA mō ngā rohe pāmahana maha, e āhei ai te whakahaere i te pihi pāmahana uaua, e tika ana mō ngā taputapu kua tākaihia pērā i te BGA me te CSP; ko ngā teihana whakahou hau wera noa e whakamahia ana mō ngā kete tuku iho pērā i te QFP me te SOP. Ko te utu o te teihana whakahou BGA e 3-5 ngā wā te nui ake i te utu o te teihana whakahou hau wera noa.

Kua wehea ēnei ki ngā papu tango-whakarewa ā-ringa, ngā papu tango-whakarewa hiko, me ngā pū tango-whakarewa korehau. He pai ngā papu tango-whakarewa ā-ringa mō te tango i te iti o ngā hononga whakarewa, he pai ake te mahi a ngā papu tango-whakarewa hiko, ā, he pai ngā pū tango-whakarewa korehau mō ngā wāhanga maha-pine. E 3-5 ngā wā tere ake te tango a ngā papu tango-whakarewa hiko i ngā mea ā-ringa.

Mō ngā taputapu iti kua tākaihia pērā i te 0201 me te 01005, e hiahiatia ana he karu hiko me te whakanui o te 50-100 ngā wā; mō ngā taputapu tuku iho kua tākaihia, e rawaka ana te whakanui 10-30 ngā wā. E 2-3 ngā wā te utu o ngā karu hiko whakanui-nui i ngā karu hiko iti-whakanui.

Whakatakotoria kia rite ki te takai o ngā wāhanga me te momo tūhono. Mō te tūhono Sn63Pb37, ko te pāmahana tango he 350-380℃, ā, ko te pāmahana tūhono he 320-350℃; mō te tūhono kore-mata (pērā i te SAC305), ko te pāmahana tango he 380-420℃, ā, ko te pāmahana tūhono he 350-380℃. Ka pakaru ngāwari ngā wāhanga i te pāmahana teitei rawa, engari ka ārai te pāmahana iti rawa i te rewa o te tūhono.

Kei roto i te nuinga o te wā he rohe whakamahana (tere whakamahana 1-3℃/s, pāmahana 120-150℃), he rohe rumaki (150-180℃, 60-120s), he rohe rerenga anō (te pāmahana tihi 217-235℃, e puritia ana mō te 30-60s), me te rohe whakamatao (tere whakamatao 2-4℃/s). Mā te tautuhinga hē o te pihi pāmahana ka pā mai ngā raruraru pēnei i te whakapiringa matao BGA me te pakaru o te pōro whakapiri.

Ka taea e te tere hau nui rawa te pupuhi i ngā wāhanga iti, te tauhiuhi rānei i te whakarewa; ka kore e ranea te whakawhiti wera ki te tere hau iti rawa. Ko te tikanga, ko te tere hau mō ngā kete 0402 me runga ake ka whakatakotoria ki te 10-20L/min, ā, mō te 0201 me raro iho, ko te 5-10L/min.

E taunakihia ana kia kaua e neke atu i te 3 hēkona te roa o te wā honohono mō te hononga honohono kotahi, ā, kaua hoki e neke atu i te 10 hēkona te roa o te honohono tonu. Mā te roa rawa o te wā honohono ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te tihorenga o te pepa parahi PCB mā te 30% me te tūponotanga o te pakaru o ngā wāhanga mā te 25%.

Whakatikatikahia kia rite ki te rahi o te PCBA me te mātotoru o ngā wāhanga, ko te tikanga me te mātotoru mana o te 1-3W/cm². Ka taea e te mana nui rawa te whakawera me te whakarerekē i te PCB, engari ko te mana iti rawa ka hua ake he iti te whai huatanga o te whakamahana.

Whakamahia he teihana whakahou hau wera, arotahihia te pūwero ki ngā pine, whakamahanahia ki te 350-380℃ me te tere hau o te 15-20L/min, kātahi ka tangohia te wāhanga ki ngā tweezers i muri i te rewa o te tūhono. I muri i te tangohanga, horoia ngā papa ki te miki tango tūhono.

Tuatahi, whakatakotoria he kōpiko pāmahana e tika ana. Kia rewa rawa ngā pōro honohono, tangohia marietia te BGA mā te whakamahi i te pene mimiti korehau; horoia te toenga honohono i runga i ngā papa ka pōro anō mā te whakamahi i te whakapiri honohono. Ko te angitu o te tango BGA he 85% nā te ōrite o te kōpiko pāmahana.

Tuhia te ahunga polarity o te wāhanga hei karo i te tāutanga whakamuri; kia tūpato ki te wera ōrite i te wā e tangohia ana hei ārai i te pahūtanga o te wāhanga nā te wera nui o te rohe. Ki te tāutanga polarity hē ka piki ake te tere o te rahunga o te hua mā te 40%.

I ēnei āhuatanga, me tirotiro te hihi-X hei whakatau i ngā tūranga o te hononga honohono, ā, ka whakamahia ngā tikanga whakamahana ā-rohe (pēnei i te whakamahana taiaho) hei tango. He tino uaua, ā, ko te ōrau angitu he 60%-70% noa iho.

Whakahaerehia te pāmahana me te wā whakamahana, ā, karohia te whakamahana anō i te tūranga kotahi; whakamahia ngā taputapu tika, pērā i te whakamahi i te pae whakakoi hei āwhina i te tango i ngā wāhanga nunui hei whakaiti i te kukume i te PCB. Mā te whakahaere tika ka taea te whakaiti i te tere pakaru o te PCB mā te 50%.

Horoia te toenga o te tūhono i runga i ngā papa mā te whakamahi i te miro tango tūhono me te rino tūhono: rumakina te miro ki te rere, whakatakotoria ki runga i te papa, ka whakamahana ki te rino kia mimiti te tūhono. Whakatauritehia te whānui o te miro ki te papa kia kore ai e nui rawa te horoinga, e kore rānei e ranea.

Āta orohia te paparanga kua waikura ki te pepa oro angiangi, tāpirihia te rere, me te whakamahana hei whakahoki mai i te kaha o te honohono. Ka taea e ngā papa waikura kāore i rongoatia te whakaputa i te 80% o te hapa honohono.

Mō te wete hapa, whakamahia ngā waea pekepeke; mō te wete katoa, hangaia anō te papa (whakakikorua parahi, paninga kopare tūhono) ka whakamātauria te mahi hiko i muri i te whakatikatika.

Whakamahia he mata o te rino whakapiri he āhua rite ki te whao hei whakataurite i te whakapiri nui, ā, ki te hiahiatia, me whakakorikori. Me noho te hapa papatahi ki roto i te ±0.05mm hei karo i ngā raruraru whakapiri.

Āe. Whakamahia te etanoru waikore, ngā kai horoi motuhake rānei hei tango i ngā toenga rere me ngā poke, kia kore ai e piki ake te 20% o ngā hapa whakapiri me te waikura PCB.

Tirohia ngā whakatakotoranga o ngā wāhanga, tāpirihia ngā papa ki roto i te tine, ā, whakaritea ngā taputapu me ngā rerenga e tika ana. Mā te kore e ranea te whakarite ka taea te hanga anō i te 30%.

Whakamahia he karu hiko me te teihana whakahou hau wera, he rino whakapiri koi rānei. Whakapiria tētahi pine tuatahi, kātahi ka whakapiria te toenga kia tika ai te tūnga.

Whakamahia te hihi-X hei tirotiro i ngā hononga pōro honohono (te tere o te korenga o te hiko ≤5%) me te mita maha mō te haere tonu o te hiko. Neke atu i te 90% o ngā hapa ka kitea e te hihi-X.

Whakapiria ngā wāhanga ki te piripiri, ki te rere rānei i mua i te whakapiringa, ā, whakamahanahia kia ōrite kia kore ai e pāngia e te ahotea wera. Ko te nekeneke te take o te 15%-20% o ngā hapa whakapiringa.

He tino ngāwari te whakarewa i ngā mata parahi; me whakakī mua ngā mata rino; me taurite te rere o ngā mata koranu. E 70% te ōrau hapa whakarewa mō ngā mata rino kāore i rongoatia.

Kei roto i te tirotiro tirohanga, ngā whakamātautau mahi hiko (te haere tonu, te ātete ārai), me te whakamātautau mahi. Ka kitea e te tirotiro tirohanga te 70%-80% o ngā hapa e kitea ana.

Tirohia mēnā he hononga honohono katoa, maeneene, kāore he whakapiringa makariri, he hononga piriti, he hukapapa rānei; kia tino whakapirihia ngā taura, ā, kāore he pakaru. Me tutuki ngā paerewa IPC-A-610.

Ka kitea te kounga o te hononga honohono ā-roto o ngā wāhanga BGA/CSP, ka tautuhia te honohono makariri, ngā pōro honohono pakaru, me ngā āputa, me te neke atu i te 95% te tere kitenga hapa mō ngā take ā-roto.

Ka whakamātautau i te mahi hiko mā roto i ngā hononga whao-whao, ka kite i ngā poto, ngā whakatuwheratanga, me ngā take tawhā wāhanga, e kapi ana i te 80%-90% o ngā hononga hiko.

Whakauruhia te PCBA ki roto i tētahi pūnaha hei whakatauira i ngā āhuatanga mahi tūturu me te whakamātautau i te mahi, me te tautuhi i te 90% o ngā hapa mahi i puta mai i te whakarewa.

Ngā take: ngā papa paru, te pāmahana koretake, te rere koretake o te wai. Ngā otinga: horoia anō ngā papa, whakarerekētia te pāmahana/te wā, ā, whakakapia te rere ki ētahi atu momo pai rawa atu.

Tangohia te konukōre taikaha ki te miki/rino tango konukōre, whakatikatikahia te pāmahana konukōre me te tere o te hau kia kore ai e tauhiuhi. Mā te whakahaere tika ka eke ki te 95% te tere whakatika.

Ngā take pea: te kino o ngā wāhanga, te wera nui i te wā e whakapiripiri ana, te whakahurihuri o te polarity. E whakaatu ana ngā tatauranga ko te kino o ngā wāhanga te take mō te 40%, te wera nui mō te 30%.

Whakatikahia te whakarerekētanga iti mā te whakamahana; whakakapia ngā PCB mō te whakarerekētanga nui. Mā te whakahaere i te pāmahana/wā ka whakaitihia te tere whakarerekētanga mā te 60%.

Whakamahia ngā tēpu mahi haumaru-ESD, ngā whitiki ringaringa, me ngā tweezers; kia mau tonu te haumākū 40%-60% RH hei whakaiti i te kino ESD mā te 90%.

Me mau ngā kaiwhakahaere i ngā mōhiti/karapu tiaki hei ārai i ngā wera; me mau ngā taputapu ki te whenua hei ārai i te ru hiko; me tohu ngā taputapu pāmahana teitei ki ngā tohu whakatūpato.

He para morearea ngā wāhanga para, te whakarewa, me te rere, e hiahia ana kia tukuna atu e ngā wāhanga whai mana; me tutuki i te horoinga wai para ngā paerewa tukunga GB 8978.

He mura te nuinga o ngā wai rere, ā, me penapena ki ngā wāhi matao, whai hauhautanga, kia matara atu i ngā pūtake ahi; karohia te pa ki te kiri/kanohi, ā, horoia tonutia ki te wai mēnā ka pāngia.

Horoia auautia ngā toenga whakarewa me te rere o ngā taputapu; tāutahia he ārai wera rawa hei whakaweto aunoa ina hipa atu i ngā taumata pāmahana e hiahiatia ana.

Me tutuki ngā tohutohu RoHS, me whakawhāiti i ngā matū kino pēnei i te mata/mercury/cadmium, me whakaiti i te memeha o te wai, me te whakamahi i ngā kai horoi e pai ana mō te taiao.

Whakapai ake i ngā tukanga, whakamahia ngā taputapu aunoa, me te whakangungu i ngā kaiwhakahaere. Ka taea e ngā taputapu aunoa te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga mā te 30%-50%.

Whakaitihia te mahi tuarua nā te kore mahi tika, whiriwhiria ngā taputapu/rauemi i runga i te whakaaro nui, me te arotau i ngā tukanga hei whakaiti i ngā reiti hapa tuatahi. Ko te mahi tuarua te 25%-35% o ngā utu katoa.

Whakapai ake i ngā tawhā tukanga, tīpakohia te rere/whakapiri e tika ana, ā, whakapakarihia te tirotiro tuatahi me te tauira i roto i te tukanga. Ka taea e ngā whakapainga tukanga te whakaiti i ngā reiti hapa mā te 40%-60%.

Ka whakapai ake i te pumau o te kounga, ka whakaiti i ngā hapa tangata, ka whakahaere i te whakangungu kaimahi hou, ā, ka whakarei ake i te whai huatanga. Ka taea e te paerewa te whakaiti i ngā piki me ngā heke o te reiti hapa mā te 50%.

Whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau tawhito (24-100 hāora) me ngā whakamātautau taiao (pāmahana teitei/haumākū/wiri) ki ngā hua kua whakahoutia hei aromatawai i te pono mō te wā roa.

Me whai whakaaro ki ngā whakaritenga mahi anō mō ​​ngā wāhanga SMT me THT. Ina tangohia ngā wāhanga THT, me aro ki te pānga ki ngā taputapu SMT. Ko te uauatanga o te mahi anō he 30%-50% teitei ake i tērā o ngā papa SMT parakore.

He ngohengohe te rauemi, ā, he ngāwari ki te whakapēke, nō reira me whakamahi he taputapu motuhake mō te whakapiri; me 10-20℃ te pāmahana whakamahana i te pāmahana o te PCB mārō kia kore ai e pakaru te papa.

He uaua te ara iahiko ā-roto, ā, he koretake te whakawhiti wera i te wā whakamahana, ka pāngia te paparanga o roto e te ara iahiko poto, e te ara iahiko tuwhera rānei; he uaua te whakatika i te papa, ā, ko te reiti angitu o te mahi anō he 50%-60% noa iho.

Tangohia te taupoki parepare i te tuatahi, ā, tiakina ngā wāhanga o roto. Tāuta anō i muri i te mahi anō kia mau ai te pānga parepare. Ka pāngia te hototahitanga hikohiko e te mahi hē.

He pai te kawe wera, ā, he pakari hoki. Me tere te whakamahana kia kore ai e pakaru i te kukū o te ahotea ā-rohe, ā, ko te tere whakamahana me whakahaere i te 5-10℃/s.

Me matatau rātou ki ngā pūkenga pēnei i te tautuhi wāhanga, te hangarau whakarewa, te whakahaere taputapu, me te tātari hapa, ā, me mōhio hoki ki ngā paerewa pēnei i te IPC-A-61. Ko te reiti hapa o ngā kaimahi kua whakangungua ngaio he 40% te iti iho i tō ngā tauhou.

Kei roto ko te whakangungu ariā (te mōhiotanga tukanga, ngā whakatakotoranga paerewa) me te whakangungu mahi (te whakahaere taputapu, te mahi whakarewa), me te aromatawai i muri i te whakangungu, ā, ko te huringa he 1-2 wiki te roa.

Kei roto ko ngā tohutohu tukanga mahi anō, ngā pukapuka ārahi whakahaere taputapu, ngā paerewa tirotiro kounga, ngā tuhinga mahi anō, me ētahi atu, e taea ai te whakapai ake i te whai i ngā mahi me te whai huatanga o te tātari raruraru.

Whakatakotoria ngā pūwāhi whakahaere matua (pēnei i te tango wāhanga, te horoi papa, te whakarewa, me ētahi atu), me te whakahaere i te tirotiro wāhanga tuatahi, te tirotiro tirotiro tirotiro me te tirotiro hua kua oti, ka taea te whakaiti i te auau hapa mā te 30%-40%.

Kohikohi raraunga mahi anō hei tātari i ngā raruraru, whakahaere whakamātautau tukanga hei arotau i ngā tawhā, me te whakauru i ngā hangarau me ngā taputapu hou, ka taea te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga mā te 10%-15% ia tau.

Kōwhiria kia rite ki te momo tūhono PCBA taketake, me whakarite kia rite te hanganga o ngā hua, ā, whakaarohia te mahi pēnei i te ira rewa, te ngāwari ki te whakamakuku, me te pono.

Kua wehea ēnei ki te rere kore-ma, te rere wai-rewa me te rere rōhinu. He pai te rere kore-ma mō ngā wā kāore e hiahiatia he horoi, ā, he watea te rere wai-rewa mō te horoi engari me mōhio kei reira ngā toenga.

E whakamahia ana hei whakatika i ngā wāhanga ririki, hei ārai rānei i te nekehanga i te wā e whakarewahia ana, ā, me pai te kaha o te here (≥5N/mm²) me te ātete ki te pāmahana.

Kōwhiria kia rite ki te momo rerenga (pērā i te waipiro isopropyl mō te mea he rōsin), ā, whakaarohia te tiaki taiao, te waikura me te piki me te heke.

Me tirotiro te tauira, ngā whakatakotoranga, te āhua, te mahi hiko, me ētahi atu, kia rite ai ki ngā wāhanga taketake. Mā ngā rauemi ngoikore e tae mai ana ka piki ake te tere o te rahunga mahi anō mā te 20%.

Horoia ngā poke o roto i te pūwero hau hei ārai i te aukati, tirohia te āhua o te ngongo whakamahana me te whakatikatika i te pāmahana i ia wā, me te whakahinuhinu i ngā wāhanga miihini. Mā te aukati i te pūwero hau ka piki ake te tere o te hapa whakarewa mā te 15%.

Ka whakatikatikaina te pāmahana kotahi i te marama (hapa ≤±1℃), ā, ka whakatikatikaina te teitei o te tuaka-Z kotahi i te hauwhā (tika ≤±0.05mm). Mēnā kāore i whakatikatikaina, ka piki ake pea te tere o te korenga o te whakarewanga mā te 20%.

Kāore i te rawaka te momi: whakakapia te mowhiti hiri mō te papu tango-whakarewa ā-ringa, tirohia te papu korehau, horoia rānei te aukati mō te papu tango-whakarewa hiko; kāore e taea te tango-whakarewa: tirohia mēnā kua pakaru, kua āraia rānei te pūwero, whakakapia, ka horoia te toenga o te whakapiri.

Ko te tikanga, ka whakakapia i ia tau 1-2 i runga i te auau o te whakamahinga. I muri i te tawhitotanga, ka heke te ōritetanga o te pāmahana, ā, ka piki ake te tere o te hapa whakarewa mā te 12%.

Horoia te karāhe arotahi i ia wā ki te pepa karāhe arotahi motuhake, karohia te tukinga kia kore ai e nekehia ngā wāhanga whatu, ā, whakatikatikahia te roa arotahi i ia tau kia mārama ai te whakaahua.

Tuatahi, whakamahia ngā whakarewa matū (pērā i te acetone) hei whakarewa i te rauemi whakakī, ka mahi anō kia rite ki te tukanga tikanga i muri i te tango, ka whakakī anō i muri i te otinga, me te aro ki ngā āhuatanga rere me te whakamaroke o te rauemi.

Ko te kaupapa matua ko te tango i ngā wāhanga nunui me ngā wāhanga e whakaputa wera nui ana kia kore ai e pāngia ngā wāhanga kua whakatikahia; me whai i te mātāpono mai i te ngāwari ki te uaua hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea.

E hiahiatia ana ngā taputapu motuhake (pēnei i te teihana mahi huri maramara), ā, e whakamahia ana te hangarau whakamahana taiaho, te hangarau whakarewa ultrasonic rānei. Ka whakatauhia ngā tawhā mā te whakamātautau i mua, ā, ko te auau angitu he 60%-70%.

Whakamahia he mita maha hei whakamātautau i te haere tonu o te ara iahiko hei kimi i te pūwāhi ara iahiko poto, ā, tirohia me te whakaoti rapanga pēnei i te hononga toenga parahi, te hē o te hononga o te pine wāhanga, me te kino o te ara iahiko PCB.

Tirohia mēnā he pai te tūhono whenua, ā, kua tāutahia te taupoki ārai ki tōna wāhi, tirohia mēnā kua pakaru te rārangi tohu i te wā e whakarewahia ana, whakamahia he tātaritanga whānuitanga hei kimi i te pūtake o te pokanoa, me te mahi i ngā mahi pēnei i te ārai me te tātari.

Tātarihia ngā raraunga mahi anō mā te ako mīhini hei matapae i ngā hapa, whakamahia te mōhio ā-kanohi hei kimi aunoa i ngā wāhanga hapa, me te whakarerekē atamai i ngā tawhā taputapu hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te kounga.

Ka whanake haere ki te whakaurunga tino tika me te maha-mahi (pēnei i te whakauru i te tirotiro hihi-X, te whakato pōro aunoa, te whakarewa, me ētahi atu), ā, ka tutuki te hononga ki te pūnaha MES hei whakapai ake i te whakahaere atamai.

Te whakatairanga i ngā wai horoi me ngā matū horoi e pai ana ki te taiao, te whakawhanake i ngā taputapu iti-te-pūngao e pau ana, me te tūhura i ngā hangarau whakahou kore-whakangaro hei whakaiti i te parahanga me te maumau rauemi.

Ka taea e ia te hanga tere i ngā taputapu hei whakahou hei whakaiti i ngā utu, ā, ka whakamahia hoki hei whakatika i ngā pakaru ā-rohe o te PCB (pērā i te tā i ngā raina hiko) hei whakahaere i ngā tukanga uaua.

Te whakatinana i te mana mamati me te aroturuki mamao o ngā taputapu mahi anō, te arotau i ngā tukanga mā te tātari raraunga nui, me te whakatū i ngā pūnaha whai i ngā hua hei whakapai ake i te mana kounga.