PCB pakari

Rauemi: He karāhe muka te mea pakari, he polyimide te mea ngāwari. Hanganga: Kāore e taea te piko e te mea pakari, ka taea te piko e te mea ngāwari. Whakamahinga: He pakari mō ngā hononga pumau, he ngāwari mō ngā wāhi kiato.

Papa-kotahi, papa-rua, papa-maha. He ara iahiko papa-kotahi kei te taha kotahi; he papa-rua kei ngā taha e rua; he papa-maha e hono ana i ngā paparanga kawe hiko mā roto i ngā vias (hei tauira, ngā papahoahoa).

Ngā rorohiko papamahi, ngā pouaka whakaata, ngā mana whakahaere ahumahi, ngā hikohiko motuka (ngā rorohiko i roto i te waka), ngā wāhanga rererangi kore-wiri, me ētahi atu.

He iti ake te utu. He pakari ngā tukanga o ngā PCB pakari, ā, he iti hoki ngā rauemi; he utu nui ngā PCB ngāwari nā te uaua o ngā rauemi me ngā tukanga.

Ngā papa FR4 noa: -55°C ki te 125°C mō te whakamahinga noa, 260°C mō te wā poto mō te whakapiripiri kore-mata. Ka taea e ngā rauemi motuhake te tu atu ki ngā pāmahana teitei ake.

Mai i ētahi cm² (papa whakahaere iti) ki ētahi m² (papahoahoa tūmau nui).

Kei te rahi, ngā paparanga, me ngā rauemi. Ngā papa paparanga maha FR4: ~1-3 kg/m², taumaha ake i ngā PCB ngāwari o te rohe kotahi.

10-20+ tau i roto i ngā taiao noa; ka whakapotoa ki ngā tau i roto i ngā āhuatanga kino (te pāmahana teitei/makuku).

Ko te modulus piko o te FR4 he ~100-200MPa, he iti iho i ngā PCB ngāwari. Mā te whakanui ake i te matotoru ka kaha ake te ātete ki te ahotea.

FR4 (epoxy muka karāhe), kapia phenolic, kapia epoxy; PTFE mō ngā tono auau-teitei motuhake.

He pai te ārai hiko, ngā āhuatanga miihini, me te pumau o ngā āhuatanga. CTE: 13-17ppm/℃. He iti te utu, ā, kua pakari ngā tukanga.

He iti te pāmahana pirau (120-150°C), ka tere te wehewehe i te wāhanga i te wā e whakapiripiri ana, he ngoikore ngā āhuatanga hiko/mīhini, he teitei te CTE, ā, he haunga kino.

Ka hanga i ngā tohu arataki mō te rere o te iahiko. Ngā matotoru noa: 0.5oz (17μm), 1oz (35μm), 2oz (70μm). He pepa matotoru mō ngā whakamahinga iahiko teitei.

Ka ārai i ngā ara iahiko poto, ka tiaki i te parahi mai i te waikura me te kino ā-tinana, ā, ka wehewehe i ngā wāhi mā te tae (hei tauira, te kakariki, te kikorangi).

Tāia ngā pūāhua/tohu hei tautuhi i ngā wāhanga i te wā whakaputa me te whakatika hapa. Tae noa: mā; hina, whero, mangu, kōwhai, me ētahi atu.

FR4: Utu iti mō te whakamahinga whānui. Ngā rauemi auau-teitei (hei tauira, PTFE): He iti te ngaronga tohu mō te 5G. Ngā papa uku: He nui te kawe wera mō ngā tono wera-teitei.

Whakaarohia te hiko (auau teitei/ngaohiko teitei), te miihini (wiri), te pāmahana, me te utu. Whakamahia te FR4 mō ngā hiko kaihoko, te PTFE mō te auau teitei, me te uku mō te wera nui.

RoHS: Ka whakawhāiti i ngā matū kino (mata, mercury, me ētahi atu). Kore-halogen: Br/Cl

Ka whakapai ake ngā rauemi CTE-iti i te pumau o ngā āhuatanga. Ka whakarei ake te kawe wera teitei i te marara o te wera. Ka whakaitihia e ngā ārai mahi-teitei te ngaronga tohu, ka taea ai te whakaiti me te mahi teitei.

Te pono o te tohu (te taurite i te aukati, te ārai-whakaata/te whakawhitiwhiti), te tohatoha hiko, te tūāpapa, me te kaha kawe-iao.

Whakapotohia ngā tohu tohu, whakaitihia ngā vias. Whakamahia ngā takirua rerekētanga mō ngā tohu tere-tiketike me te aukati whakahaere. Ngā papa hiko/whenua me te parahi totoka. Ngā kōwae wehewehe hei karo i te pokanoa. Te whānui o te raina i runga i te iahiko.

Ko te rahi e hangai ana ki te matotoru/au (me nui ake ngā vias mō ngā papa matotoru). Whakaitihia te maha o ngā vias. Keria whakamuri ngā tohu tere-tiketike hei tango i ngā poro.

Te whakataurite i ngā ārai pūtake, raina tuku, me te kawenga hei whakaiti i te whakaata. Ka tutuki mā te whakahaere i te whānui o te raina, te mokowā, te matotoru o te dielectric, me te permittivity (hei tauira, te whānui 0.33mm mō te microstrip 50Ω i runga i te FR4).

Ngā wāhanga wehewehe; kia matara atu ngā wāhanga tairongo i ngā pūtake haruru. Ngā papa hiko/whenua i roto i ngā papa maha-paparanga hei ārai. Ngā papa whenua huri noa i ngā tohu tere-tiketike. Te wetewete i ngā pūnga; te whenua kua arotauhia.

Te wehewehe mahi, te wehe i ngā wāhanga tairongo-wera, te whakanoho i ngā wāhanga auau-teitei kia tata, te whakarite i ngā wāhanga nunui kia rite ki te kaupapa matua, me te whakarite kia ngāwari te tāutanga/te tiaki.

Ngā papa hiko me ngā papa whenua e tata ana hei whakaiti i te hiko hiko. Ngā hikohiko me ngā hononga mā. Parahi totoka mō ngā papa hiko; whakamātotoru i ngā ara iahiko teitei.

Ngā ara wera me ngā papa parahi i raro i ngā wāhanga wera. Ngā papa kawe wera teitei. Te hoahoa rere hau; tāpirihia ngā totohu wera/pā hau mēnā e tika ana.

Tūnga kōhao: ±0.1mm. Vias whakakikoruatia: ±0.076mm. Vias kore-whakakikoruatia: ±0.05mm. Whānui rārangi: ±10%-20%.

Altium Designer (e tika ana mō ngā hoahoa iti-ki-waenga), Cadence Allegro (paparanga maha-tere-tiketike), Mentor PADS (he māmā ki te whakamahi, he whai hua hoki).

Te whakatakoto panera → Te keri → Te whakatakoto parahi → Te whakaahua → Te whakakikorua → Te whakairo → Te kopare tūhono → Te mata hiraka → Te whakaotinga mata → Te whakaahua.

Ngā Take: Ngā pakitara taratara, ngā pūwero, ngā wiri pakaru. Ngā Otinga: Whakakapia ngā wiri, arotauhia te tere/whanganga, tirohia ngā rauemi.

Tūranga: Whakapūmau i te rere o ngā pūaha hei hononga paparanga. Ngā Mana Whakahaere: Te hanganga o te otinga, te pāmahana (25-35°C), te pH (11-12), te ma o te maimoatanga i mua i te whakamahinga.

Whakaahua-ā-ringa: He tino tika mō te HDI, he nui te utu, he uaua hoki. Tānga mata: He iti te utu/ngā taputapu māmā, he iti ake te tika.

Whakahaeretia mā te mātotoru o te iahiko, te wā whakakikorua, me te kukū o te otinga. Hei tauira, e 20-30 meneti te roa o te 1oz (35μm) i te 2-3A/dm².

Whakahaerehia te kukū o te matū whakarewa, te pāmahana, te wā, me te pēhanga rehu, ā, tiakina tonutia ngā taputapu. Mā te kukū nui ka nui rawa te whakairo, engari mā te kukū iti ka kore e oti te whakairo. Kia mau tonu te pāmahana ki te 45-55℃, whakatauhia te wā i runga i te matotoru o te papa, me ētahi atu, ā, kia ōrite te pēhanga kia pa katoa.

Taupokina te ara iahiko kia ōrite, kia kore ai e ngaro ngā tānga, ngā kōhao iti, ngā mirumiru rānei. Te matotoru o te hinu i runga i te mata parahi: 10-18μm, mā roto i: 5-8μm. Me tika te tawhiti mai i ngā taha o te ara iahiko hei ārai i te taupoki nui rawa o te papa, i ngā tūponotanga rānei o te ara iahiko poto.

Me mārama ngā pūāhua, me tino oti, me te rerekētanga tae pai, me te whakanoho tika me te kore e aukati i ngā wāhi matua, ā, me te kaha o te piri (tīpakohia ngā waituhi me ngā tukanga whakamaroke e tika ana).

HASL: Utu iti, pai te tūhonohono, iti te papatahi. ENIG: Maeneene, pai te tūhonohono me te ātete ki te waikura, utu nui. Tīni rumaki: He pai te tūhonohono, he maeneene te mata, he roa te wā e mau ana. OSP: Utu iti, tukanga māmā, poto te pupuri i te tūhonohono.

Te tapahi ā-mīhini (tino tika, he pai mō ngā rahi uaua, nunui). Te wero (tino whai hua, he pai mō te whakaputa papatipu auau). Te tapahi taiaho (tino tika, nui te utu, he pai mō ngā puranga iti). Kōwhiria i runga i te āhua, te tino tika, te rahi o te puranga, me te utu.

Tirohia ngā ine/matotoru i muri i te tapahi. Tirohia te tūnga o te kōhao, te rahi, me te pakitara i muri i te keri. Whakamātauria te matotoru/te ōritetanga o te parahi i muri i te whakakikorua. Tirohia te pumau o te ara iahiko i muri i te whakairo. Tirohia te kounga tā o te kopare/ngā pūāhua whakarewa. Whakamātauria te matotoru/te piri o te paninga i muri i te whakaotinga o te mata. Tirohia te āhua/ngā taha i muri i te whakahāngai.

Whakamahia ngā taputapu whakamātautau rere, ngā taputapu hangarau mōhiohio rānei. He pai ngā taputapu whakamātautau rere mō ngā puranga/momo iti, te kimi i ngā whakatuwheratanga/ngā poto, me ētahi atu. Ko te hangarau mōhiohio he mea hanga papatipu, he whakamātautau katoa i te mahi hiko me ngā taputapu motuhake.

Kitea mā te hononga, ngā āputa, te kounga parahi i roto i ngā papa papa maha. Tirohia ngā hononga honohono BGA me ngā hapa o roto (ngā mea ke, ngā wehewehenga) kia kore ai e pakaru.

Kohia ngā whakaahua mā roto i ngā kāmera whatu, ka whakataurite ki ngā paerewa hei kimi i ngā hapa pēnei i te ngaro o ngā wāhanga, te hē o te tūnga, me ngā poto poto. Ka whakamahia i roto i te tirotiro wā-tūturu i muri i te tānga, te whakatakotoranga, me te whakapiripiri anō hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te kounga.

Whakamātautau piko (tirohia ngā kapiti i ngā koki/huringa kua tohua). Whakamātautau taka (whakataurite i ngā pānga). Whakamātautau wiri (whakataurite i ngā wiri hei tirotiro i te whakapiri me te hanganga).

E ai ki te IPC-4552, ka pai te ENIG mō ngā momo auau-teitei/pono-nui (Ni: 3-5μm, Au: 0.05-0.1μm). He iti te utu o te OSP (matotoru o te kiriata: 0.2-0.5μm, he pai mō te rokiroki poto). Kua pakari te HASL (matotoru Sn >2.5μm, he papatahi kore).

Whakatikatikahia te kukū o te otinga (te waikura waikawa: CuCl₂ 180-220g/L, HCl 1.0-1.5mol/L), te pāmahana 50-55℃. Mēnā he nui rawa te waikura kāore i te tino mārama, whakaitihia te tere, ka whakanuia te pēhanga rehu ki te 2-3bar.

Mō IPC-6012, ko ngā papa paparanga maha whānui ≤75μm, ko ngā papa HDI ≤50μm. Ko te tika o te tūnga keri taiaho ±25μm, e whakahaerehia ana me ngā mīhini whakaatu tino tika.

Rauemi FR-4: roa ≥345MPa, whakawhiti ≥276MPa (ASTM D790). Matotoru 1.6mm ≥300MPa.

Te tapahi whakarewa (IPC-TM-650, puta noa i te kōhao ≥20μm, matapo/tanumia mā te ≥18μm). Whakamātautau kore-whakangaro XRF (tika ±0.5μm).

Whakamahana: 90-130℃ (60-120s). Rohe whakapiri: 240-260℃ (whakapā 2-4s). Tere whakamatao: 3-6℃/s (J-STD-003).

Tikanga: 15-30μm (IPC-6012), ngā wāhi matotoru ≥20μm. Tānga mata: 20-25μm, whakamaroke mārama: 15-20μm.

Tikanga: 6/6mil (0.1524mm). LDI + whakairo matū: 3/3mil (0.0762mm). Papa HDI: 1/1mil (0.0254mm).

Mō te kawe hiko, whiriwhiria te mono kapia (te hohonutanga ≥80% mā te hohonutanga, te hapa papatahi ≤10μm). Mō te whakamarumaru anake, whiriwhiria te hipoki (te whānui hipoki ≥0.1mm).

E ai ki te IPC-J-STD-033, tunua ki te 125℃ mō te 4-8 hāora (≤1.6mm: 4 hāora, ＞1.6mm: 8 hāora) hei whakaiti i te nui o te makuku ki raro i te 0.1%.

Ka whakarei ake te taratara teitei i te pānga o te kiri me te ngaronga tohu. He pepa RTF Ra10GHz). He pepa VLP Ra

Mīhini parai para (pēhanga 0.3-0.5MPa, tere 2-3m/min). Te whakairo matū moroiti (konutai persulfate 100-150g/L, 40-50℃, 1-2min).

Whānui: kotahi-pito ±10%, rerekētanga ±8%. Tere-teitei (>1Gbps): kotahi-pito ±5%, rerekētanga ±3%, kua whakatikatikaina mā te whānui raina, te matotoru o te hiko, te matotoru parahi.

E ai ki te UL 796, ko te rauemi FR-4 ≥1400V/mm i te 25℃/50% RH. Ko te tawhiti ngoki 1mm e rite ana ki te 100-200V.

Whānui/mokowā iti rawa o te rārangi, ōwehenga whānui o te kōhao/papa (papa ≥kōhao +0.4mm ina ≥0.3mm te kōhao), ōwehenga horahanga parahi (30%-70%), ōwehenga āhua wiri (≤8:1), whānui piriti kopare tūhono (≥0.1mm).

Ngā Take: Kāore i te ōrite te CTE, te matotoru kāore i te ōrite, te pihi pāmahana kāore i te tika. Ngā Whakaoti: Kōwhiria ngā rauemi CTE ≤15ppm/℃, whakahaerea te manawanui matotoru ±0.05mm, arotauhia te tere whakamahana ≤3℃/s.

Mō ia IPC-TM-650, ≥10¹⁰Ω i muri i te 168h i te 85℃/85% RH, ≥10¹²Ω mō ngā tono tino pai, me te whakahaere i te ma o te mata.

Vias matapo: Keri taiaho/mīhini + whakakikorua, hohonu ≤0.5mm, mō te hononga mata. Vias tanumia: Keri mīhini + whakakikorua, me whakarite, mō ngā tohu paparanga-roto hei whakaiti i ngā tawhā pirinoa.

Te pūwero rere: Te taupoki >98%, he pai mō ngā puranga iti/kiato nui, puhoi (3-5 hēkona/ira). Te moenga whao: Tere (

Mā ia pikinga 1oz (35μm) ka piki ake te kawe wera mā te 38%. Mā te pepa konutea 3oz i roto i ngā tono mana-nui ka whakaitihia te pikinga pāmahana mā te 15%-20% mā te whakamahi i ngā vias wera.

Tikanga: 0.1mm. Papa matotoru me te LDI: 0.075mm, e ārai ana i te hononga honohono.

Kāore i te ōrite te tūhonohono i runga i ngā papa, kāore i te rawaka te tūhonohono, he mata kāore i te ōrite. Tūhonohono whakahaere