Ngā tapanga me ngā takai kua whakaritea

Me whakauru te tauira hua, te tau rangatū (SN), te rā whakaputa, me te tau puranga. Mā te tauira hua e tautuhi te momo, mā te SN ka taea te aroturuki i te huringa ora ahurei, ā, mā te tau rā/puranga ka taea te whai i te kounga.

Āe. Ko te nuinga o ngā taputapu hanga tapanga e tautoko ana i te kawemai i ngā kōnae i roto i te AI, EPS, PNG, me ētahi atu. Kia mārama te tauira me te rahi, kaua e pā ki te ngāwari o te pānui i ngā mōhiohio matua.

Ko ngā momotuhi kore-serif (hei tauira, Arial, Helvetica) te mea e pai ake ana kia māmā te pānui. Ko te rahi momotuhi iti rawa mō ngā tapanga iti ko te 6-8pt, me te whakamārama i ngā mōhiohio matua.

Whakatūria he tukanga arotake e rua ngā wāhanga: tētahi mō te tika o ngā ihirangi (tauira, SN, me ētahi atu), tētahi mō te ōrite o te whakatakotoranga (momotuhi, tahora, me ētahi atu), me te tirotiro anō ki te pātengi raraunga whakaputa.

Āe. Nā te rahi/tahora o te tapanga, kaua te tuhinga rārangi kotahi e neke ake i te 80% o te whānui o te tapanga. Ka taea te takai rārangi, te whakapoto rānei i ngā mōhiohio roa (ngā whakapoto paerewa ahumahi anake).

Āe. Ngā paekōti (hei tauira, Waehere 128) mō ngā raraunga māmā, ngā waehere QR mō ngā mōhiohio uaua. Kia tutuki te rahi me te māramatanga i ngā whakaritenga matawai.

Whakamahia ngā pūmanawa ngaio pērā i te Bartender, Label mx rānei. Whakauruhia ngā mōhiohio, tīpakohia te momo waehere hei whakaputa, ā, hangaia anōtia, whakahoutia hoki te hoahoa tapanga i muri i ngā whakarerekētanga.

He rerekē ngā whakaritenga i runga i te ahumahi. Hei tauira, me tutuki ngā taputapu hiko i ngā tapanga RoHS, ā, me whakauru ngā tau rēhita me ngā rā paunga ki ngā taputapu hauora. Whakamāramahia ngā ture i mua i te whakaritenga.

Whakamahia te tahora maha-reo taha-ki-taha, te wehewehe poraka, te whakaaturanga takai rānei hei whakarite kia māmā te pānui o ia reo, me te pupuri tonu i te ataahua whānui.

Āe. He māmā ake te pānui i ngā tae rerekē-teitei (hei tauira, te tuhinga pango i runga i te papamuri mā). Whakaarohia ngā āhuatanga o te māramatanga: karohia ngā tae whakaata i roto i te māramatanga kaha, ā, whakamahia te tuhinga mārama i runga i ngā papamuri pōuri i roto i te māramatanga iti.

He pūmau te nuinga. Mā ngā tapanga hiko NFC ka taea te taunekeneke (hei tauira, te matawai mō ngā mōhiohio) ā, me whai taputapu ngaio me ngā taputapu whakawhanake pūmanawa.

Ko ngā hōputu vector pēnei i te PDF, AI, me te EPS te mea e pai ake ana (kāore he hapa ina whakapūtāhia). Me ≥300dpi ngā whakaahua bitmap. Whakaūtia ngā hōputu hototahi ki te pūrere i mua i te whakaputanga.

Tukuna he tono whakarerekētanga → hoahoa anō → arotake rua-wāhanga (ihirangi + hōputu) → hanga anō i ngā tapanga i muri i te whakaaetanga.

Ngā tapanga māmā: 1-2 ngā rā mahi. Ngā hoahoa uaua (ngā mahi maha-reo/tauwhitiwhiti): 3-7 ngā rā mahi, kei runga i te uauatanga.

Whakamahia ngā tae me ngā momotuhi paerewa o te waitohu, whakanohohia te waitohu kia tika, ā, whai i te momo āhua o te waitohu (hei tauira, he mea hanga ki te iti/e ahu mai ana i te hangarau) kia ōrite ki ngā takai me ngā rauemi whakatairanga.

Āe. Mā te tā wera ka tukuna te pepa whakarewa mā te pēhanga wera, ā, mā te whakairo ka puta he pānga 3D. Ka piki ake ngā utu me te wā whakaputa; whakapā atu i mua.

Kei runga i ngā āhuatanga o te hua. Ko ngā taputapu hiko tere-whakahohe me whakahou pinepine, ko ngā hua paerewa me ngā tukanga pumau me iti ake ngā whakahoutanga. Whakahoutia ina he huringa nui (hei tauira, ngā whakahoutanga tauira).

Ngā tau putanga tapanga (hei tauira, Putanga 2.0) ngā mōhiohio whirihoranga rānei (hei tauira, Whirihoranga A). Whakamahia he waehere tae, he tauira motuhake rānei me ngā tuhinga hei tautuhi.

Āe. He rerekē ngā tirohanga ahurea mō ngā tae me ngā tauira (hei tauira, te tikanga o te mā i ētahi whenua Āhia). Āta karohia ngā tapu kia whakaaetia ai te ao whānui.

Āe. Ko ngā waehere whaiwhai he waehere QR/paepae i hangaia mā te pūmanawa tapanga, ā, e hono ana ki ngā raraunga whakaputa (hei tauira, ngā puranga rauemi mata). Mā te matawai ka kitea ngā mōhiohio katoa mō te huringa ora.

Tae atu ki te pepa (peita parahi, pepa wera), ngā rauemi hangai (PET, PVC), te konganuku (pepa konumohe), me ngā rauemi pirau (pepa penupenu bamboo, PLA). Kōwhiria i runga i te taiao.

Ka tautokohia e te pepa te tānga āwhata/tānga flexo. Ka whakamahia e ngā rauemi hangai te tānga mata/tānga UV. Ka whakamahia e te konganuku te whakairo/whakairo laser. Tīpakohia ngā tukanga e hiahiatia ana.

Whakamahia te pepa parahi mō ngā taiao maroke o roto, te PET/PVC mō ngā taiao makuku/waikura, me ngā rauemi polyimide pāmahana teitei (hei tauira, mō te whakapiringa reflow) mō ngā taiao wera nui.

Whakatauirahia ngā whakamātautau taiao: te pāmahana/haumākū teitei (85℃/85%RH, 1000 hāora), te ātete ki te pakū, me te rumaki matū ki roto i te matū hei tirotiro i ngā huringa.

Āe. Kōwhiria te pepa penupenu bamboo, te PLA, me ētahi atu rauemi koiora. He pai mō te taiao engari he nui ake te utu, he iti ake te mahi (hei tauira, te ātete ki te wai) i ngā rauemi tuku iho.

Pepa: mā/kōwhai/kraft, iti te mārama. PET: mārama/mā/mangu/hiriwa. PVC: ngā tae rerekē. Konganuku: tae tūturu (hei tauira, pepa konumohe hiriwa).

Whakamahia te taurite tae Pantone hei tohu i ngā atarangi, hei whakamātautau me te tirotiro i mua i te tānga, me te whakatika i ngā mangumangu mā roto i ngā pūnaha whakahaere tae ngaio.

Rēhita hē: Whakatikatika i ngā tawhā taputapu/tirohia ngā pereti. Whakamaroke waituhi ngoikore: Whakatikatika i te pāmahana whakamaroke/whakarerekē waituhi. Ngā tauira pōuri: Whakakapia ngā pereti/whakarerekē i te matotoru o te waituhi.

Āpitihanga: 175-300dpi. Āhuatanga Hangarite: 100-150dpi. Āhuatanga Mamati: 600-1200dpi. Kōwhiria i runga i te uauatanga o te hoahoa.

Āe. Tāpirihia te wanihi UV ki ngā wāhi motuhake mā te whakamahi i ngā pereti tā UV hei whakarei ake i te kanapa, te ātete ki te kakahu, me te tirohanga whānui.

He mea hanga ki te whakarewa: He tere te maroke, he kanapa ngā tae, kei roto ngā VOC. He mea hanga ki te wai: He pai mō te taiao, he iti ngā VOC, he puhoi te maroke. Waituhi UV: Ka taea te whakamaroke i te UV, he ātete ki te kakahu, he pai mō ngā rauemi maha.

Whakamahia te hangarau tā raraunga taurangi e hono ana ki te pātengi raraunga whakaputa. Ka pānui aunoa, ka tā aunoa hoki ngā taputapu i ngā raraunga ahurei hei whakarite i te tika.

Te utu o ngā rauemi (whakarewa > pepa), te uaua o te tukanga (ka piki ake ngā utu mā te tā wera/UV), te rahinga tānga (ka iti ake te utu mō ia wāhanga mēnā he nui ake te rōrahi), te uaua o te hoahoa (ngā tae/ngā tauira).

He iti te rahinga/tukanga māmā: 2-3 rā. He nui te rahinga/tukanga motuhake: 5-10 rā. Tāpirihia he huringa hoahoa mēnā kei roto.

Tirotiro tirohanga (tae/mārama/rēhitatanga), whakamātautau piri (tango rīpene), me ngā whakamātautau mahi (ātete wai/ātete ki te mura, me ētahi atu).

Tērā pea ka puta he hiko pateko mai i ngā rauemi kore-ārai-patunga mā te waku, ka kino ai ngā wāhanga. E taunakihia ana te PET pateko (me te paninga ātete-patunga) mō te PCBA.

Āe. Whakamahia he waituhi motuhake mā te tā mata, mā te tā ā-ringa rānei. He nui ake te utu, me tino kaha te whakahaere i ngā tukanga.

Tōhua ngā rauemi ki roto i te waipiro, te acetone, ngā otinga waikawa/kawakore whakaranua mō ngā hāora 24, ka tirotiro mēnā he memeha, he tae ke, he rerekē rānei te āhua.

Āe. Mā te whakairo, te tā wera, te tā 3D rānei (he onge te whakamahinga, ko te nuinga mō ngā hua motuhake teitei).

Kōwhiria he rauemi PET, he rauemi rapa rānei e ātete ana ki te makariri, kia mau tonu ai te ngāwari i te -40℃, kia kore ai hoki e pakaru te pepa noa.

He mea pai kia whakapirihia ki te wāhi takoto kau o te taha o te papa PCBA, ki te papa rānei he iti ake ngā wāhanga, kia kore ai e whakamahia ngā hononga honohono/ngā wāhi whakamātautau; mō ngā hua he anga, whakapirihia ki ngā tūranga e kitea ana te kanohi pērā i ngā atanga/ngā papa whakahaere.

Horoia te mata ki te waipiro hei tango i te puehu, i ngā paru hinu, me ngā toenga rere; mō ngā papa he paninga peita ārai-toru, orohia te wāhi whakapiri kia nui ake te taratara.

He kaha te piri o ngā piripiri kiriaku (kia mōhio ki ngā tūponotanga waikura pea ki ngā wāhanga), ko ngā piripiri silicone ia he ātete ki te pāmahana, ā, kāore e waikura (he ngoikore ake te piri) – whiriwhiria i runga i ngā hiahia.

Whakamahia ngā taputapu tāpiri tapanga, ngā tohu rānei ā-ringa, whakapiri mārire mai i tetahi pito ka hurihuri kia puta te hau; whakahaerehia i raro i te karu tirotiro mō ngā āhuatanga tino tika.

Iti (10×5-20×10mm), waenga (25×15-40×20mm), nui (neke atu i te 45×25mm) – karohia ngā wāhi e whakamahia ana te whakarewanga o ngā wāhanga.

Me whakauru te tauira, te tau puranga, te rā, te kaihanga, te waehere rauemi; me tāpiri ngā waehere QR/paepae me ngā tohu tiwhikete.

Rahi momotuhi tuhinga ≥6pt (e taunakitia ana 8-10pt), whakamahia ngā momotuhi sans-serif; ngā rārangi whakairoiro ≥0.15mm, arotauhia te rerekētanga kia kore ai e kanapa.

Whāia ngā tikanga ahumahi (hei tauira, kakariki mō te mea tika/whero mō te mea he/kōwhai mō ngā whakatūpato), whakaritea te tuhinga pango tino rerekē i runga i ngā papamuri mā, kia ātete ki te memeha o te waituhi.

Ka taea te tāpiri i ngā mōhiohio taurangi pēnei i ngā tau puranga, ngā rā, me ngā tau rangatū i te wā tonu mā te whakawhiti wera/tā waituhi.

Tae atu ki te PET, te PP, te PVC, me te winīru – ko te PET te ātete pai rawa atu ki te pāmahana teitei me te matū.

PET (-40°C~150°C), PP (-20°C~120°C), PVC (-10°C~80°C), winīru (-30°C~130°C).

Kōwhiria te PET i te tuatahi mō te whakapā atu ki ngā kaihoko rere/horoi; kāore te PP e ātete ki ngā kawakore kaha, ā, he ātete matū noa te PVC.

Whakamahia he kāpia kiriaku piri-teitei (≥15N/25mm) mō ngā mata whakarewa/uku maeneene; he kāpia piri-waenga (8-12N/25mm) mō ngā papa hiko noa.

Me tutuki i ngā paerewa RoHS/REACH, me whakawhāiti i ngā matū morearea pēnei i te mata/mercury, ā, me whakatairanga i ngā rauemi hangarua.

Tae atu ki te tānga mata (e tika ana mō ngā wāhi tae nui), te whakawhiti wera (te maha-tae tino tika), te tānga mamati (te whakaritenga puranga iti), me te tānga perehi (te tiaki roa).

Te tino tika ±0.1-0.2mm, he pai mō ngā tuhinga māmā/whakairoiro nui; me whakamahi te whakawhiti wera/tā matihiko i ngā waehere QR pai rawa atu.

Kāore he pakaru e kitea ana i muri i te 50 whakamātautau waku rapa, he pai ake i te tā mata.

Te whakaiti tae ≥90% (ki te whakataurite ki ngā kāri tae paerewa), he pai mō ngā tapanga tono tae nui

I te wā e kawe ana, ka tūpono pea ngā PCBA ki ngā mōrearea pēnei i te ru miihini (hei tauira, ngā wiri, ngā tukinga), te wiri, ngā huringa pāmahana me te haumākū, te hiko pateko, me te poke o te puehu. Tērā pea ka wetekina ngā wāhanga o te PCBA, ka pakaru ngā hononga honohono, ka heke te mahi hiko, ka pakaru rānei.

Mō te kawe waka poto, ka taea te whiriwhiri i tētahi taraka waka, kia mōhio ai kei te ma, kei te maroke, ā, kāore he hau waikura i roto i te waka. Mō te kawe waka tawhiti, he pai ake te whakamahi i tētahi waka kati me te whakahaere pumau i te pāmahana me te haumākū. Me whakahaere te pāmahana i waenga i te 10℃ - 30℃, ā, me pupuri tonu te haumākū whanaunga ki te 40% - 60%. I taua wā, me pai te mahi mimiti ru o te waka.

Me whakahaere te pāmahana o te wāhi rokiroki i waenga i te 5℃ - 35℃, ā, me noho te haumākū ōrite i waenga i te 30% - 70%. Āraia te rā tika me te pānga ki ngā hau waikura. Me ma, me maroke, me te pai o te hauhautanga o te wāhi rokiroki. Me whakatakoto ngā PCBA ki runga i ngā whata ārai-pūmau hei ārai i te kohikohinga o te hiko pūmau.

I raro i te tikanga o te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te taiao rokiroki, ko te roanga o te wā rokiroki o te PCBA kua takaihia ki roto i ngā putea ārai-pūmau he 1 - 2 tau; ko te roanga o te wā rokiroki o te PCBA kua takaihia ki roto i ngā paepae mirumiru me ngā putea ārai-pūmau ka eke ki te 2 - 3 tau. Kia hipa te wā rokiroki, me tirotiro anō te mahi hiko o te PCBA me te kounga o ngā rauemi takai.

Kia kitea he takai kua pakaru, me mutu tonu te kawe, ā, me tirotirohia te āhua me te mahi hiko o te PCBA. Mena kua pakaru ngā rauemi takai engari kāore te PCBA, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā rauemi takai hou hei tākai anō; ki te pakaru te PCBA, me tirotirohia me te whakatika e te tohunga, ā, ka taea te kawe, te whakamahi anō rānei i muri i te putanga o te tirotiro.

Ko ngā utu matua ko ngā utu rauemi (ngā rauemi tapanga, ngā rauemi tākai), ngā utu tā, ngā utu tukatuka (te hanga tapanga, te huihuinga tākai), ngā utu kawe, me ngā utu putunga. I roto i ēnei, ko ngā utu rauemi e 40% - 60% o te utu katoa, ā, ko ngā utu tā me te tukatuka e 20% - 30%.

Ka taea te whakaiti i te utu mā te arotau i te hoahoa tapanga, te whakaiti i te maha o ngā tauira me ngā tae uaua hei whakaiti i ngā utu tā; te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi tapanga utu-whai hua, pērā i te whakamahi i ngā rauemi PP hei utu mō ngā rauemi PET ina tutuki ngā whakaritenga mahi; te whakanui ake i te rahinga ota hei whakaiti i te utu waeine mā te whakamahi i ngā ōhanga tauine.

Kōwhiria ngā rauemi tākai kia tika, ā, karohia te tākai nui rawa. Hei tauira, mō ngā PCBA he mama te taumaha, he ātete nui ki te pakaru, ka taea te whakaiti i te nui o ngā rauemi whakangāwari. Whakapaipaihia te hoahoa hanganga tākai hei whakapai ake i te tere whakamahinga o ngā rauemi tākai me te whakaiti i te para rauemi. I taua wā anō, whakatūria he whanaungatanga mahi tahi mō te wā roa me ngā kaiwhakarato kia whiwhi ai i ngā utu hoko pai ake.

Āe. Kōwhiria ngā kaiwhakarato he kaha te kaha whakaputa me ngā taputapu matatau, ā, whakamahia ngā tukanga whakaputa me ngā tikanga paerewa. Mō ngā tapanga, ngā rauemi noa me ngā tauira tā ka taea te whakarite i mua; mō te takai, ka taea te whakamahi i te hoahoa modular mō te huihuinga tere. I taua wā anō, arotauhia te whakahaere mekameka tuku hei whakaiti i te wā hoko rauemi mata me te wā kawe.

Whakaarohia ngā āhuatanga utu me te mahi. Kei roto i ngā utu ko ngā utu hoko, ngā utu kawe, me ngā utu putunga; ko ngā tohu mahi ko te ātete pāmahana, te ātete ki te pakū, me te piri o ngā tapanga, tae atu ki te mahi ārai-pūmau, te mahi whakaruruhau, me te kaha tiaki o te takai. Mā te whakatairite i te utu me te mahi o ngā hua mai i ngā kaiwhakarato rerekē, tīpakohia te otinga me te ōwehenga utu-mahi teitei rawa.

Me whakamahi ngā tapanga i ngā rauemi PET ātete pāmahana teitei me te taumata ātete pāmahana kāore i raro i te 150℃, ā, me whiriwhiri hoki i ngā piripiri ātete pāmahana teitei. Me ātete pāmahana teitei hoki ngā rauemi tākai, pērā i ngā paepae mirumiru ātete pāmahana teitei (ngā rauemi PP) me ngā pouaka kātene kōpikopiko (kua rongoatia mō te ātete pāmahana teitei). I te wā e tākai ana, kia tino mohio kei tukuna e ngā tapanga me ngā rauemi tākai ngā matū kino i ngā pāmahana teitei, ka pā pea ki te mahi a te PCBA.

Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā rauemi PET, PP rānei he pai te mahi ātete-wai mō ngā tapanga, ā, ka pania ki te paninga ātete-makuku i te mata. I te wā e tākai ana, whakanohoia te PCBA ki roto i te putea ātete-makuku ka tāpirihia he mea whakamaroke (pēnei i ngā mea whakamaroke silica gel, ko te nui ka whakawhirinaki ki te rahinga o te PCBA me te wāhi tākai).