Ngā hapa me ngā otinga o te tukanga SMT noa: He aratohu katoa mō te huihuinga PCB pono

He aha te mea nui o te whakahaere hapa o te tukanga SMT
Ko te Hangarau Maunga Mata (SMT) e hiahia ana kia tika te taumata-micron i roto i te whakatakotoranga whakapiri, te whakatakotoranga wāhanga, me te whakahaere wera. Ko ngā rerekētanga o te hoahoa tauira, te rahinga whakapiri whakarewa, ngā kōtaha reflow rānei ka puta he hapa ka whakararu i te pono o te hua—ina koa i roto i ngā hoahoa kiato teitei, tere teitei, maha-paparanga rānei. Mō ngā tono rererangi, motuka, hauora, me te waea pūkoro, ko ngā hapa SMT kāore i kitea ka puta he rahunga mara kino. E whakaatu ana tēnei aratohu i ngā hapa SMT e kitea whānuitia ana, ō rātou take pūtake, me ngā otinga hangarau.

1. Te Tārai i ngā Urupā (Te Pānga o Manhattan)

Whakamāramatanga: Ka ara poutū ake tētahi wāhanga maramara (hei tauira, 0201/0402) i te wā e rere ana anō, ka wehe atu i tētahi papa.

Ngā Take Hangarau:

• ·Te rōrahi whakapiri tūhono kore taurite i waenga i ngā papa takirua
• ·Papatipu wera kore-ōrite (hei tauira, he whānui iti kore ōrite, he ringihanga parahi rānei)
• ·Te tere o te rerenga anō nui rawa (>2°C/hēkona)
• ·Te hoahoa whakatuwheratanga tauira kāore i te arotauhia
• ·Te āhua o te papa e takahi ana i ngā ture ōrite IPC-7351

Ngā Otinga Hangarau:

• ·Hoahoahia ngā papa/tohu ōrite mō ia IPC-7351B ngā aratohu
• ·Whakatauritehia ngā rahi/ngā rahinga o te kōhao tauira mō ngā pito wāhanga
• ·Whakawhāitihia te tere o te pikinga rerenga ki 1–2°C/hēkona
• ·Tāpirihia te tānga āputa (mō ngā mea kore mahi ≤01005)
• ·Āta karohia te whakatakotoranga o ngā wāhanga tata ki ngā papa parahi nunui

2. Te Hononga Hononga

Whakamāramatanga: He hononga honohono kore i te whakaaro i waenga i ngā ara iahiko/papa tata.

Ngā Take Hangarau:

• ·He nui rawa ngā kōhao tauira, he nui rawa rānei te rahinga o te whakapiri
• ·Kāore i te rawaka te ārai kopare tūhono (
• ·Te korenga o te tukunga o te whakapiri (hei tauira, te korenga o te ōwehenga āhua o te tauira)
• ·Te hē o te tūnga i te wā e tā ana i te tauira

Ngā Otinga Hangarau:

• ·Whakatinanahia ngā whakaiti āputa (hei tauira, "kuri-wheua" mō ngā QFP, "pāreti-kāinga" mō ngā BGA)
• ·Arotauhia te ōwehenga āhua o te whakatuwheratanga (≥1.5) me te ōwehenga horahanga (≥0.66)
• ·Tauwhāitihia te whānui o te ārai kopare whakapiri ≥0.025mm mō ngā hoahoa angiangi
• ·Whakatakotoria Tirotiro i te Whakapiri Hononga 3D (SPI)
• ·Whakatinanahia ngā tikanga horoi tauira

3. Kāore i te Rawa te Hononga (Ngā Hononga Kore-Makuku/Tuwhera)

Whakamāramatanga: Kāore i oti te hononga whakarewa nā te koretake o te whakapiri.

Ngā Take Hangarau:

• ·Kāore i te rawaka te rahinga whakapiri
• ·Te āhua rerenga hou kāore i te tino pai (te pāmahana tihi iti, te TAL rānei)
• ·Te whakahāoratanga o te papa/wāhanga
• ·Te whakamaroke i te whakapiri i te wā e roa ana te whakamahinga

Ngā Otinga Hangarau:

• ·Te arotautanga o te rerenga anō: 240–245°C te tihi, 60–90s TAL
• ·Whakamahia Momo whakapiri 4/5
• ·Tauwhāitihia NGĀ WHAKAMUTUNGA TAKITAHI/TAKITAHI
• ·Whakahaerehia te taiao tā: 25±3°C, 40–60% RH

4. Te Nekehanga/Te Hē o te Tūnga o ngā Wāhanga

Whakamāramatanga: Te nekehanga o te wāhanga i te wā e rere ana anō.

Ngā Take Hangarau:

• ·Te koretake o te whakapiri
• ·Ngā raruraru wiri/whakawhitiwhiti o te kaikawe
• ·Te kaha o te pūwero/teitei-z hē
• ·Te piko o te PCB tata ki Tg

Ngā Otinga Hangarau:

• ·Te kaha o te whakapiri >500g/mm²
• ·Whakatikatika i te tiki-me-te-whakatakoto: ≤30μm te tika, 0.2–0.5N te kaha
• ·Whakahaerehia te tere o te pā me te wiri o te kaikawe
• ·Whakamahia FR-4 Tg170+ tautoko pūmau rānei

5. Ngā Āputa Hononga Tuitui

Whakamāramatanga: Ka puta he poka i roto i ngā hononga nā te mau o te hau.

Ngā Wāhi Mōrearea Nui: Ngā papa wera QFN, ngā pōro BGA, ngā via au-teitei.

Ngā Take Hangarau:

• ·Ngā mea rerehua e hopukina tere ana e te arawhata
• ·Te makuku i roto i ngā wāhanga MSL 2a+ kāore anō kia tunua
• ·Mā roto i te papa, kāore he whakakī/taupoki
• ·whanonga mākū kino

Ngā Otinga Hangarau:

• ·Te tere piki: 1.0–1.5°C/hēkona
• ·Tunua i mua i ia J-STD-033
• ·Ngā via kua whakakīia/kua taupokina
• ·Whakamahia he reflow korehau, he whakapiri iti-pupuhi rānei

6. Urunga-i-roto-i-te-Urunga (HIP)

Whakamāramatanga: Ka whakapirihia ngā hoapā pōro BGA engari kāore e honoa.

Ngā Take Hangarau:

• ·Kāore i te ōrite te whārangi piko
• ·Ngā pōro whakarewa kua waikurahia
• ·Poto rawa te TAL

Ngā Otinga Hangarau:

• ·Tunua ngā BGA: 125°C/12–24 hāora
• ·Whakamahia te rerenga me te ngohe ≥0.2%
• ·Whakaroahia te TAL ki te >90s, manatokohia ki te hihi-X
• ·Arotauhia te puranga mō te whakahaere i te whatuwhatu

7. Te Pāpaka Pōro Tūhono

Whakamāramatanga: Ngā pōro honohono-iti (

Ngā Take Hangarau:

• ·Ara piki kaha (>3°C/hēkona)
• ·Koranu taupatupatu: whakapiri rere
• ·Te poke o te papa
• ·Te piri ngoikore o te kopare whakarewa

Ngā Otinga Hangarau:

• ·He whakapiri kore-ma me ngā kapia pumau
• ·Te ara whakamahana: 1.0–1.5°C/hēkona ki te 150–180°C
• ·Whakamahia te horoi plasma
• ·Tauwhāitihia te kopare whakapiri me te CTI >175V

8. Te Hiki/Te Wehenga o te Papa

Whakamāramatanga: Te wehenga o te papa mai i te turanga PCB.

Ngā Take Hangarau:

• ·Ngā huringa mahi anō nui rawa
• ·Rauemi CTE, Tg rānei tuaka-z iti
• ·Te mimiti makuku

Ngā Otinga Hangarau:

• ·Whakawhāitihia ki te ≤2 huringa wera mō ia papa
• ·Whakamahia ngā taputapu mahi anō e whakahaerehia ana e te thermocouple
• ·Tunua ngā PCB: 125°C/4–8 hāora (IPC-1601)
• ·Whakamahia ngā papa whakarārangi: Tg >170°C, Td >340°C

Te Ārai i te Hapa SMT Pūnaha

• ·DFM: Ngā tirotiro tauira whenua IPC-2581, IPC-7351B
• ·Tirotiro: SPI ā-roto → AOI → AXI, kōtaha oumu KIC
• ·Rauemi: MSL mō ia IPC-J-STD-033, whakamātautau SLP
• ·Whakangungu: Tiwhikete IPC-A-610H, IPC-7711/7721

Whakatutuki i te SMT Kore-Koha me te Harikoa Nui

Ko te SMT pono e hiahia ana kia mōhio ki ngā taunekeneke rauemi-tukanga-hoahoa. Harikoa Nui, ka tukuna e mātou te PCBA tino hira mā roto i:

• ·DFM Arotau-Tukanga: Urupare wā-tūturu me Valor NPI
• ·Tirotiro Matatau: 3D SPI, AOI e whakamahia ana e te AI, hihi-X 5μm
• ·Huihuinga Pono-Teitei: μBGA (0.2mm), QFN e whakawātea ana
• ·Te Aroturuki: Te takiuru whakapapa taumata-wāhanga

Whakapā mai mō tētahi arotake DFM kore utu me te arotake tukanga SMT.