PCIe 5.0 vs PCIe 6.0 Whakamārama: Ngā Wero Matua mō te Hanga PCB Pokapū Raraunga AI
Rārangi Kaupapa
- Kupu Whakataki: Ngā Hiahia mō te PCIe Evolution me te Pokapū Raraunga AI
- He aha te PCIe 5.0
- He aha te PCIe 6.0
- He aha ngā take e hiahiatia ai e ngā pokapū raraunga AI te PCIe 5.0 me te 6.0
- Ngā Wero o te Pono o te Tohu: PCIe 5.0 vs 6.0
- Kōwhiringa Rauemi me te Tukanga PCB Tere-Tiketike
- Me pēhea te whakatinana i te Tohu PCIe 6.0 PAM4 i roto i ngā PCB
- Ngā Tikanga Whakamātautau me te Whakamana
- Akoranga Take o te Wheketere me te Whakaaturanga Pūkenga
- Whakatau me ngā Taunakitanga
- Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQ)
Ngā Hiahia mō te PCIe Evolution me te Pokapū Raraunga AI
Ko te PCI Express (PCIe) tētahi o ngā paerewa hononga tere-tiketike tino nui i roto i ngā tūmau me ngā tautau GPU.
He aha te PCIe 5.0
Nā te PCIe 5.0, i whakaurua mai i te tau 2019, i whakapiki ake i ngā tere raraunga ki te 32 GT/s, e whakarato ana i te 4 GB/s mō ia ara, ā, tae atu ki te 64 GB/s mō te mokamoka x16 katoa. Kei te whakamahi tonu i te tohu NRZ (Non-Return-to-Zero), me te pupuri tonu i te hototahi whakamuri.
He aha te PCIe 6.0
Ko te PCIe 6.0, i tukuna i te tau 2022, ka whakanekehia te tere ki te 64 GT/s, ka tukuna he 128 GB/s nui mō ngā ara x16. Ko te auahatanga matua ko te neke ki te PAM4 (Pulse-Amplitude Modulation with 4 levels) me te whakaurunga o te FEC (Forward Error Correction) hei whakaiti i ngā hapa moka. Mā tēnei whakawhiti ka nui ake te uaua o te hoahoa PCB, inā koa mō te pono o te tohu.
He aha ngā take e hiahiatia ai e ngā pokapū raraunga AI te PCIe 5.0 me te 6.0
Ko te whakangungu me te whakatau i te AI e hiahia ana ki ngā hononga tino tere i waenga i ngā GPU me ngā CPU. Ka tukuna e PCIe 5.0 me PCIe 6.0 te whānui o te hononga e whakawhirinakihia ana e ngā pokapū raraunga AI. I te pikinga ake o te kiato o te GPU, ka nui haere ngā wero o te pono o te tohu PCB, ā, he mea nui te hanga matatau.
Ngā Wero o te Pono o te Tohu: PCIe 5.0 vs 6.0
Ngaronga Whakaurunga
Mō te PCIe 5.0, ko te ātete ki te ngaronga whakaurunga kei te 28-30 dB, engari me nui ake ngā here mō te PCIe 6.0, he maha ngā wā kei raro iho i te 20 dB. Ko te ngaronga dielectric (Df) o ngā rauemi PCB me te roa o te ara e pā tika ana ki te pumau tonu o ngā tohu.
Whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te Mana Ārai
Mā te tohu PAM4, ka haurua te kaha, ka nui ake te raruraru o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ngā whakaata. Me pupuri e te hanga PCB te aukati rerekētanga i roto i te 85 ± 5 Ω, me te hiahia kia kaha ake ngā ture mokowā me ngā rautaki tiaki.
Ngā Wero o te Ara me te Tahora Rerekētanga
Me whakaiti te roa o ngā tohu i roto i te PCIe 6.0. Mēnā he roa ake i te 10 inihi te tohu, me whakamahi rauemi tino iti te ngaronga, me tāpiri rānei he retimers hei pupuri i te pono o te tohu.
Kōwhiringa Rauemi me te Tukanga PCB Tere-Tiketike
FR4 vs Rauemi Auau-Teitei/Tere-Teitei
He uaua ki te whakamahi i te FR4 tuku iho i te PCIe 6.0. Ko ngā rauemi matatau pēnei i te Megtron 6, Tachyon 100G, me te Isola I-Tera MT40 he iti ake te Dk/Df, ā, he pai mō te tohu PAM4.
Te Matotoru o te Whakatakotoranga PCB Tere-Tiketike me te Kōwhiringa Pepa Parahi
Ka nui ake te ngaronga whakaurunga mēnā ka matotoru rawa te parahi. Ko te matotoru o te whakakikorua PCB tere-rahi he 1 auneke, he angiangi ake rānei, ā, ka whakamahia te pepa parahi maeneene hei whakaiti i te taratara o te mata me te whakapai ake i te mahi tohu.
Me pēhea te whakatinana i te Tohu PCIe 6.0 PAM4 i roto i ngā PCB
Ko te whakatinanatanga o te PAM4 me arotau whānui puta noa i ngā rauemi, te ara, me ngā hononga. Mā ngā whakatauira Eye-Diagram ka whakamanahia te mahi, ko te whakahaere mā te tupato ka whakaiti i ngā kore haere tonu.
Ngā Tikanga Whakamātautau me te Whakamana
- Mā te whakamātautau tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ka whakarite kia tutuki i ngā hongere PCIe 6.0
- Ka tirohia e te tātaritanga hoahoa kanohi ngā whakatuwheratanga kanohi
- Ka whakaitihia e te whakatikatika TX/RX me te FEC ngā reiti hapa moka
- Ka whakamanahia e te whakamātautau CEM te mahi tahi taumata-pūnaha
Akoranga Take o te Wheketere me te Whakaaturanga Pūkenga
Ko tā mātou tohungatanga ki te hanga PCB pokapū raraunga AI ko:
- Te whakaputanga papatipu me ngā paparanga tino iti te ngaronga
- Ngā āheinga whakahaere ara tere me te aukati
- Ngā rangahau take e whakaatu ana i te 40% te whakahekenga o te BER me te 12% te whakapainga o te whakaroa i roto i ngā hononga GPU
Ngā Taunakitanga
Kei te hurihia te hanga PCB e te PCIe 5.0 me te PCIe 6.0 mō ngā pokapū raraunga AI. Me whakatairanga e ngā kaihoahoa ngā rauemi tere-teitei, te ara kua arotauhia, me ngā whakatauira pakari. Me mahi tahi ngā kaiārahi hoko me ngā kaihanga PCB e mōhio ana ki ngā hoahoa auau-teitei, tere-teitei.
Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQ)
P1: He aha ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i te PCIe 5.0 me te PCIe 6.0?
A1: Ka piki ake te tere mai i te 32 GT/s ki te 64 GT/s, me te whakamahi i te PAM4 me te FEC.
P2: He aha i teitei ake ai ngā whakaritenga mō ngā pokapū raraunga AI mō te hanga PCB?
A2: He nui te tauine o te rōpū GPU, he roa ngā hongere hononga, ā, he nui ngā wero o te pono o ngā tohu.
Q3: He aha ngā kōwhiringa noa mō ngā rauemi PCB tere-tiketike?
A3: Megtron 6, Tachyon 100G, I-Tera MT40.
P4: Me pēhea te whakaiti i te ngaronga tohu i roto i te PCIe 6.0?
A4: Kōwhiria ngā rauemi iti te ngaronga, whakahaeretia te roa o te tohu, whakamahia ngā retimer.
Q5: Ka pāngia ngā tohu e te matotoru o te whakakikorua PCB tere-tiketike?
A5: Ae, ka nui ake te ngaronga mēnā ka nui rawa te matotoru o te parahi. Whakamahia he parahi maeneene me te matotoru e tika ana.
P6: Me pēhea te whakamana i te mahi a te hongere PCIe i roto i ngā papahoahoa pokapū raraunga AI?
A6: Mā te whakamātautau tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, te tātaritanga Eye-Diagram, me te whakatikatika FEC.
