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Kodi kudzera mu PCB ndi chiyani?
2024-07-25
Kodi kudzera mu PCB ndi chiyani?
Ma Vias ndi mabowo ofala kwambiri popanga ma PCB. Amalumikiza zigawo zosiyanasiyana za netiweki imodzi koma nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zosungunulira. Ma Vias amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu itatu: kudzera m'mabowo, ma blind vias, ndi ma covered vias. Zambiri za ma vias atatuwa ndi izi:
Udindo wa Ma Via Osawona Pakupanga ndi Kupanga Ma PCB
Ma vias osawona
Ma blind vias ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono omwe amalumikiza gawo limodzi la PCB ndi lina popanda kudutsa bolodi lonse. Izi zimathandiza opanga kupanga ma PCB ovuta komanso odzaza bwino komanso modalirika kuposa njira zachikhalidwe. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma blind vias, opanga amatha kupanga magawo angapo pa bolodi limodzi, kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kufulumizitsa nthawi yopangira. Komabe, kuya kwa blind via nthawi zambiri sikuyenera kupitirira chiŵerengero china chokhudzana ndi kutsegula kwake. Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera molondola kuya kwa kubowola (Z-axis) ndikofunikira. Kuwongolera kosakwanira kungayambitse mavuto panthawi ya electroplating.
Njira ina yopangira ma blind vias imaphatikizapo kuboola mabowo ofunikira mu gawo lililonse la circuit musanawaphatikize pamodzi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna blind vias kuchokera ku L1 kupita ku L4, choyamba mutha kuboola mabowo mu L1 ndi L2, komanso mu L3 ndi L4, kenako muphatikize pamodzi zigawo zonse zinayi. Njirayi imafuna malo olondola kwambiri komanso zida zolumikizira. Njira zonsezi zikuwonetsa kufunika kolondola pakupanga kuti zitsimikizire kuti PCB ikugwira ntchito bwino komanso kudalirika.
Ma vias okwiriridwa
Kodi ma vias obisika ndi chiyani?
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa micro via ndi billed via?
Ma vias obisika ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga ma PCB, kulumikiza ma circuits amkati popanda kufalikira ku zigawo zakunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asawonekere kuchokera kunja. Ma vias amenewa ndi ofunikira kwambiri pakulumikizana kwa ma signal amkati. Akatswiri mumakampani opanga ma PCB nthawi zambiri amanena kuti, "Ma vias obisika amachepetsa mwayi wosokoneza ma signal, amasunga kupitirira kwa kuletsa kwa chizindikiro cha chingwe chotumizira, komanso amasunga malo olumikizira mawaya." Izi zimapangitsa kuti akhale abwino kwambiri pama PCB okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso othamanga kwambiri.
Popeza ma vias obisika sangabooledwe pambuyo pa lamination, kuboola kuyenera kuchitika pa zigawo za circuit iliyonse musanaboole. Njirayi imatenga nthawi yayitali poyerekeza ndi ma through-hole ndi ma blind vias, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri. Ngakhale zili choncho, ma vias obisika amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ma PCB okhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kuti awonjezere malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito pa zigawo zina za circuit, motero kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito onse ndi kudalirika kwa PCB.
Kudzera m'mabowo
Kupyola mabowo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza zigawo zonse kudzera pamwamba ndi pansi. Kuphimba mkuwa mkati mwa mabowo kungagwiritsidwe ntchito polumikizana mkati kapena ngati dzenje loikamo zinthu. Cholinga cha mabowo ndikulola kuti mawaya amagetsi kapena zigawo zina zidutse pamwamba. Kupyola mabowo kumapereka njira yolumikizira ndi kulimbitsa maulumikizidwe amagetsi pa bolodi losindikizidwa, mawaya kapena zinthu zina zofanana zomwe zimafuna malo olumikizira. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zomangira ndi zomangira m'mafakitale monga mipando, mashelufu, ndi zida zachipatala. Kuphatikiza apo, mabowo amatha kupereka mwayi wodutsa ndodo zolumikizidwa mumakina kapena zinthu zomangira. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yolumikizira mabowo imafunika. Viasion imafotokoza mwachidule zofunikira zotsatirazi pakulumikiza mabowo.
*Tsukani mabowo otulukira pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotsukira ya plasma.
*Onetsetsani kuti dzenje lotulukira silili ndi zinyalala, dothi ndi fumbi.
*Yesani mabowo odutsa kuti muwonetsetse kuti akugwirizana ndi chipangizo cholumikizira
*Sankhani chodzazira choyenera chodzazira mabowo: silicone caulk, epoxy putty, expanding thovu kapena polyurethane glue.
*Ikani ndikukanikiza chipangizo cholumikizira mu dzenje lodutsa.
*Gwirani bwino kwa mphindi zosachepera 10 musanatulutse mphamvu.
*Pukutani zinthu zilizonse zodzaza zomwe zili m'mabowo ozungulira mukamaliza.
*Yang'anani mabowo nthawi ndi nthawi kuti muwonetsetse kuti alibe madzi kapena kuwonongeka.
*Bwerezani njirayi ngati pakufunika kuti mudutse mabowo amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Ntchito yaikulu ya via ndi kulumikizana kwamagetsi. Kukula kwake ndi kochepa kuposa mabowo ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosungunulira. Mabowo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosungunulira adzakhala akulu. Mu ukadaulo wopanga PCB, kuboola ndi njira yofunika kwambiri, ndipo munthu sayenera kunyalanyaza. Bolodi la dera silingapereke kulumikizana kwamagetsi ndi ntchito zokhazikika popanda kuboola mabowo ofunikira mu mbale yophimbidwa ndi mkuwa. Ngati kuboola kosayenera kumayambitsa vuto lililonse pakuboola mabowo, zitha kukhudza kugwiritsa ntchito chinthucho, kapena bolodi lonse lidzatayidwa, kotero njira yoboola ndi yofunika kwambiri.
Njira zobowolera ma vias
Pali njira ziwiri zobowolera ma vias: kubowola makina ndi kubowola pogwiritsa ntchito laser.
Kuboola mabowo pogwiritsa ntchito makina ndi njira yofunika kwambiri mumakampani opanga ma PCB. Kuboola mabowo pogwiritsa ntchito makina, kapena mabowo, ndi mabowo ozungulira omwe amadutsa mbali zonse za bolodi ndikulumikiza mbali imodzi ndi inzake. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika zinthu ndi kulumikiza ma circuits amagetsi pakati pa zigawo. Kuboola mabowo pogwiritsa ntchito makina kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera monga ma drill, reamers, ndi countersink kuti apange mabowo awa molondola komanso molondola. Njirayi ikhoza kuchitika pamanja kapena ndi makina odzipangira okha kutengera zovuta za kapangidwe ndi zofunikira pakupanga. Ubwino wa kuboola mabowo pogwiritsa ntchito makina umakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito ndi kudalirika kwa chinthu, kotero sitepe iyi iyenera kuchitika molondola nthawi iliyonse. Posunga miyezo yapamwamba kudzera mu kuboola mabowo pogwiritsa ntchito makina, mabowo amatha kupangidwa modalirika komanso molondola kuti atsimikizire kulumikizana kwamagetsi kogwira mtima.
Kuboola pogwiritsa ntchito laser
Kuboola mabowo pogwiritsa ntchito makina ndi njira yofunika kwambiri mumakampani opanga ma PCB. Kuboola mabowo pogwiritsa ntchito makina, kapena mabowo, ndi mabowo ozungulira omwe amadutsa mbali zonse za bolodi ndikulumikiza mbali imodzi ndi inzake. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika zinthu ndi kulumikiza ma circuits amagetsi pakati pa zigawo. Kuboola mabowo pogwiritsa ntchito makina kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera monga ma drill, reamers, ndi countersink kuti apange mabowo awa molondola komanso molondola. Njirayi ikhoza kuchitika pamanja kapena ndi makina odzipangira okha kutengera zovuta za kapangidwe ndi zofunikira pakupanga. Ubwino wa kuboola mabowo pogwiritsa ntchito makina umakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito ndi kudalirika kwa chinthu, kotero sitepe iyi iyenera kuchitika molondola nthawi iliyonse. Posunga miyezo yapamwamba kudzera mu kuboola mabowo pogwiritsa ntchito makina, mabowo amatha kupangidwa modalirika komanso molondola kuti atsimikizire kulumikizana kwamagetsi kogwira mtima.
Zosamala za PCB kudzera mu kapangidwe
Onetsetsani kuti ma vias sali pafupi kwambiri ndi zigawo zina kapena ma vias ena.
Ma Via ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pa kapangidwe ka PCB ndipo ayenera kuyikidwa mosamala kuti atsimikizire kuti sakusokoneza zigawo zina kapena ma via. Ma Via akakhala pafupi kwambiri, pamakhala chiopsezo cha kufupika kwa magetsi, komwe kungawononge kwambiri PCB ndi zigawo zonse zolumikizidwa. Malinga ndi zomwe Viasion adakumana nazo, kuti achepetse chiopsezochi, ma via ayenera kuyikidwa patali ndi mainchesi osachepera 0.1 kuchokera ku zigawo, ndipo ma via sayenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi mainchesi oposa 0.05.
Onetsetsani kuti ma vias sakulumikizana ndi ma traces kapena ma pads pa zigawo zapafupi.
Popanga ma vias a bolodi la circuit, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti ma vias sakulumikizana ndi ma traces kapena ma pads ena. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ma vias angayambitse ma shorts amagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makina asamayende bwino komanso kulephera kugwira ntchito. Monga momwe mainjiniya athu akunenera, ma vias ayenera kuyikidwa mwanzeru m'malo opanda ma traces kapena ma pads oyandikana nawo kuti apewe ngoziyi. Kuphatikiza apo, izi ziwonetsetsa kuti ma vias sakusokoneza zinthu zina pa PCB.
Ganizirani kuchuluka kwa magetsi ndi kutentha kwa magetsi pokonza ma vias.
Onetsetsani kuti ma vias ali ndi mkuwa wabwino woti azitha kunyamula magetsi.
Kulumikiza ma vias kuyenera kuganiziridwa mosamala, kupewa malo omwe njira yolowera ingakhale yovuta kapena yosatheka.
Mvetsetsani zofunikira pa kapangidwe musanasankhe kudzera mu kukula ndi mitundu.
Nthawi zonse ikani ma vias osachepera 0.3mm kuchokera m'mphepete mwa bolodi pokhapokha ngati patchulidwa mwanjira ina.
Ngati ma vias ayikidwa pafupi kwambiri, akhoza kuwononga bolodi likabowoledwa kapena kuyendetsedwa.
Ndikofunikira kuganizira za chiŵerengero cha mbali ya ma vias popanga, chifukwa ma vias okhala ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba amatha kusokoneza umphumphu wa chizindikiro ndi kutayika kwa kutentha.
Onetsetsani kuti ma vias ali ndi malo okwanira ku ma vias ena, zigawo zake ndi m'mphepete mwa bolodi motsatira malamulo a kapangidwe kake.
Pamene ma vias aikidwa awiriawiri kapena manambala ofunikira kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuwagawa mofanana kuti agwire bwino ntchito.
Samalani ndi ma via omwe angakhale pafupi kwambiri ndi thupi la chinthu china, chifukwa izi zingayambitse kusokoneza zizindikiro zomwe zikudutsa.
Kuganizira za ma via pafupi ndi ndege.
Ziyenera kuyikidwa mosamala kuti zichepetse phokoso la chizindikiro ndi mphamvu.
Ganizirani kuyika ma vias mu gawo lomwelo ngati zizindikiro ngati n'kotheka, chifukwa izi zimachepetsa ndalama zomwe ma vias amawononga komanso zimawonjezera magwiridwe antchito.
Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa ma vias kuti muchepetse zovuta za kapangidwe ndi ndalama.
Makhalidwe a makina a PCB kudzera m'bowo
M'mimba mwake mwa dzenje lodutsa
M'mimba mwake mwa mabowo odutsa ayenera kupitirira m'mimba mwake mwa pini ya plug-in ndikusunga malire. M'mimba mwake wocheperako womwe mawaya angafikire kudzera m'mabowo umachepetsedwa ndi ukadaulo wobowola ndi electroplating. M'mimba mwake mwa mabowo odutsa, malo ochepa mu PCB, mphamvu ya parasitic imachepetsa, ndipo magwiridwe antchito apamwamba amakhala abwino, koma mtengo wake udzakhala wokwera.
Pedi yodutsa m'bowo
Pediyo imazindikira kulumikizana kwamagetsi pakati pa gawo lamkati la electroplating la through-hole ndi mawaya pamwamba pa bolodi la circuit losindikizidwa (kapena mkati).
Kuchuluka kwa dzenje lodutsa
Bowo lodutsa lili ndi mphamvu ya parasitic pansi. Mphamvu ya parasitic ya parasitic ya m'bowo lodutsa idzachepetsa kapena kuwononga m'mphepete mwa chizindikiro cha digito, zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi kutumiza kwa chizindikiro cha ma frequency apamwamba. Ndi zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri za mphamvu ya parasitic ya m'bowo lodutsa. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, mphamvu ya mphamvu ya parasitic ya m'bowo lodutsa ndi yaying'ono ndipo ingakhale yochepa—m'mimba mwake wa bowo lodutsa, mphamvu ya parasitic yaing'ono ikakhala yochepa.
Kutuluka kwa dzenje kudzera
Mabowo odutsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ma PCB polumikiza zida zamagetsi, koma amathanso kukhala ndi zotsatira zosayembekezereka: inductance.
Kulowa mu mpweya ndi chizindikiro cha mabowo omwe amapezeka pamene magetsi akuyenda kudzera mwa iwo ndikuyambitsa mphamvu ya maginito. Mphamvu ya maginito iyi ingayambitse kusokonezana ndi maulumikizidwe ena a mabowo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chizindikiro chitayike kapena kusokonekera. Ngati tikufuna kuchepetsa zotsatirazi, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe kulowera kumagwirira ntchito komanso njira zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse kukhudzidwa kwake ndi ma PCB anu.
M'mimba mwake mwa mabowo odutsa ayenera kupitirira m'mimba mwake mwa pini ya plug-in ndikusunga malire. M'mimba mwake wocheperako womwe mawaya angafikire kudzera m'mabowo umachepetsedwa ndi ukadaulo wobowola ndi electroplating. M'mimba mwake mwa mabowo odutsa, malo ochepa mu PCB, mphamvu ya parasitic imachepetsa, ndipo magwiridwe antchito apamwamba amakhala abwino, koma mtengo wake udzakhala wokwera.
Chifukwa chiyani ma PCB vias ayenera kulumikizidwa?
Nazi zifukwa zina zomwe ma PCB vias ayenera kulumikizidwa, mwachidule ndi Shenzhen Rich Full Joy Electronics Co., Ltd:
Shenzhen Rich Full Joy Electronics Co., Ltd:
Ma PCB vias amapereka ulalo weniweni ku zigawo zoyikira ndikulumikiza zigawo zosiyanasiyana za PCB, motero zimathandiza bolodi kugwira ntchito yake moyenera. Ma PCB vias amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukweza kutentha kwa PCB ndikuchepetsa kutayika kwa chizindikiro. Pamene ma PCB vias amatulutsa magetsi kuchokera ku PCB imodzi kupita ku ina, ayenera kulumikizidwa kuti atsimikizire kulumikizana pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za PCB. Pomaliza, ma PCB vias amathandiza kupewa ma short circuits popewa kukhudzana ndi zigawo zina zilizonse zomwe zawonekera pa PCB. Chifukwa chake, ma PCB vias ayenera kulumikizidwa kuti apewe kusokonekera kwamagetsi kapena kuwonongeka kwa PCB.
Chidule
Mwachidule, ma PCB vias ndi mbali zofunika kwambiri za ma PCB, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti aziyendetsa bwino zizindikiro pakati pa zigawo ndikulumikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana za bolodi. Mukamvetsetsa mitundu ndi zolinga zawo zosiyanasiyana, mutha kuonetsetsa kuti kapangidwe ka PCB yanu kakonzedwa bwino kuti kagwire ntchito bwino komanso kodalirika.
Shenzhen Rui Zhi Xin Feng Electronics Co., Ltd. imapereka ntchito zonse zopangira ma PCB, kupeza zinthu zina, kusonkhanitsa ma PCB, ndi ntchito zopangira zamagetsi. Popeza tili ndi zaka zoposa 20 zakuchitikira, takhala tikupereka mayankho apamwamba a PCBA pamitengo yopikisana kwa makasitomala oposa 6,000 padziko lonse lapansi. Kampani yathu ili ndi ziphaso zosiyanasiyana zamakampani komanso zovomerezeka za UL. Zogulitsa zathu zonse zimayesedwa 100% E-testing, AOI, ndi X-RAY kuti zikwaniritse miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri yamakampani. Tadzipereka kupereka khalidwe labwino kwambiri komanso kudalirika pa ntchito iliyonse yosonkhanitsa ma PCB.
Kuboola kwa PCB Laser Kuboola kwa PCB Makina
Kuboola kwa Laser kwa PCB Kuboola kwa PCB
Kuboola Mabowo a Laser a PCB Kuboola Makina a PCB
Kubowola kwa PCB Microvia Laser Kubowola Mabowo a PCB
Ukadaulo wa Kubowola wa PCB Laser Njira Yobowola ya PCB
Chiyambi cha Njira Yobowola:
1. Kuboola, Kuboola, ndi Kuwerenga Mabowo
Cholinga: Kuboola mabowo pamwamba pa PCB kuti pakhale kulumikizana kwa magetsi pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mapini apamwamba pobowola ndi mapini otsika powerengera mabowo, njirayi imatsimikizira kupangidwa kwa ma vias omwe amathandizira kulumikizana kwa ma circuit pakati pa bolodi losindikizidwa la circuit (PCB).
Kubowola kwa CNC:
Cholinga: Kuboola mabowo pamwamba pa PCB kuti pakhale kulumikizana kwa magetsi pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana.
Zipangizo Zofunika:
Zinthu Zobowolera: Yopangidwa ndi tungsten carbide, cobalt, ndi zomatira zachilengedwe.
Chivundikiro cha mbale: Makamaka aluminiyamu, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola zinthu, kutenthetsa kutentha, kuchepetsa ma burrs, komanso kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mapazi panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito.
Mbale Yothandizira: Makamaka bolodi lopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza tebulo la makina obowolera, kupewa kutuluka kwa ma burrs, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa ma drill bit, ndikuyeretsa zotsalira za utomoni kuchokera ku ma drill bit flutes.
Pogwiritsa ntchito kuboola kwa CNC kolondola kwambiri, njirayi imatsimikizira kulumikizana kolondola komanso kodalirika pakati pa ma board osindikizidwa (PCBs).
Kuyang'anira Dzenje:
Cholinga: Kuonetsetsa kuti palibe zinthu zina zolakwika monga kuboola mopitirira muyeso, kuboola pansi pa nthaka, mabowo otsekeka, mabowo akuluakulu, kapena mabowo ang'onoang'ono pambuyo poboola.
Mwa kuchita kuwunika bwino mabowo, timatsimikizira ubwino ndi kusinthasintha kwa njira iliyonse, ndikutsimikizira magwiridwe antchito amagetsi ndi kudalirika kwa bolodi losindikizidwa la circuit (PCB).
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