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Ni iki kinyura muri PCB?
2024-07-25
Ni iki kinyura muri PCB?
Inzira zo gufunga ni zo myobo ikunze kugaragara cyane mu gukora PCB. Zihuza ibice bitandukanye by'umuyoboro umwe ariko ubusanzwe ntizikoreshwa mu bikoresho byo gufunga. Inzira zo gufunga zishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu: imyobo inyura mu myobo, imyobo idafunguye, n'imyobo ipfutse. Amakuru arambuye kuri izi nzira eshatu ni aya akurikira:
Uruhare rw'ibikoresho byo gupima no gukora PCB mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga
Inzira zo mu maso
Inzira zo mu bwoko bwa blind vias ni utwobo duto duhuza urwego rumwe rwa PCB n'urundi tudanyuze mu kibaho cyose. Ibi bituma abashushanya bakora PCB zikomeye kandi zipakiye neza kandi mu buryo bwizewe kurusha uko bakoresha uburyo busanzwe. Bakoresheje inzira zo mu bwoko bwa blind vias, abashushanya bashobora kubaka urwego rwinshi ku kibaho kimwe, bigabanyiriza ikiguzi cy'ibice kandi bikihutisha igihe cyo gukora. Ariko, ubujyakuzimu bwa blind vias ubusanzwe ntibugomba kurenza igipimo runaka ugereranyije n'aho ifunguye. Kubwibyo, kugenzura neza uburebure bw'ubucukuzi (Z-axis) ni ingenzi. Kudagenzura neza bishobora guteza ingorane mu gihe cyo gukoresha electroplating.
Ubundi buryo bwo gukora imiyoboro idafite aho ibogamiye burimo gucukura imyobo ikenewe muri buri gice cy’urukiramende mbere yo kuyishyira hamwe. Urugero, niba ukeneye imiyoboro idafite aho ibogamiye kuva kuri L1 kugeza kuri L4, ushobora kubanza gucukura imyobo muri L1 na L2, no muri L3 na L4, hanyuma ushyire hamwe imiyoboro yose uko ari ine. Ubu buryo busaba ibikoresho byo gushyiramo no guhuza neza. Ubwo buryo bwombi bugaragaza akamaro ko gukora neza mu buryo bwo gukora kugira ngo PCB ikore neza kandi yiringire.
Inzira zishyinguwe
Ni iki gikoresho cyo mu nzu gitwikiriwe?
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya micro via na buriwe?
Inzira zo gutwikira ni ingenzi mu miterere ya PCB, zihuza inzira z'imbere zidakwirakwira ku ntera zo hanze, bigatuma zitagaragara inyuma. Izi nzira ni ingenzi mu guhuza ibimenyetso imbere. Impuguke mu nganda za PCB zikunze kuvuga ziti: "Inzira zo gutwikira zigabanya amahirwe yo kubangamira ibimenyetso, zigakomeza kugumana impedance idasanzwe y'umurongo wo kohereza ubutumwa, kandi zigatuma insinga zigumana umwanya." Ibi bituma ziba nziza ku zindi nzira zo gutwikira ubutumwa za PCB zifite ubucucike bwinshi kandi zihuta cyane.
Kubera ko imiyoboro y’amazi idashobora gucukurwa nyuma yo gucukurwa, gucukurwa bigomba gukorwa ku bice by’imiyoboro y’amazi mbere yo gucukurwa. Iyi gahunda itwara igihe kinini ugereranije n’imiyoboro y’amazi n’imiyoboro y’amazi idafite aho ihuriye, bigatuma ibiciro bizamuka. Nubwo bimeze bityo, imiyoboro y’amazi ikoreshwa cyane cyane muri PCB zifite ubucucike bwinshi kugira ngo wongere umwanya ukoreshwa ku bindi bice by’imiyoboro y’amazi, bityo byongera imikorere n’ubwizerwe bya PCB.
Binyuze mu myobo
Umwobo unyuze mu myobo ukoreshwa mu guhuza urwego rwose runyuze mu cyiciro cyo hejuru n'icy'epfo. Gushyiramo umuringa imbere mu myobo bishobora gukoreshwa mu guhuza imbere cyangwa nk'umwobo wo gushyiramo ibice. Intego yo kunyura mu myobo ni ukugira ngo insinga z'amashanyarazi cyangwa ibindi bice binyure ku buso. Umwobo unyuze mu myobo utanga uburyo bwo gushyiramo no gufunga imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ku mbaho zacapwe, insinga cyangwa ibintu bisa nabyo bisaba aho bihurira. Bikoreshwa kandi nk'ibifunga n'ibifunga mu bicuruzwa by'inganda nk'ibikoresho byo mu nzu, ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, n'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi. Byongeye kandi, unyuze mu myobo ushobora gutanga uburyo bwo kwinjira mu nkoni zikozwe mu mashini cyangwa ibintu by'ubwubatsi. Byongeye kandi, inzira yo gufunga imyobo irakenewe. Viasion igaragaza muri make ibisabwa kugira ngo unyuze mu myobo.
*Sukura imyobo inyuramo ukoresheje uburyo bwo gusukura plasma.
*Menya neza ko umwobo unyuramo nta myanda, umwanda n'umukungugu birimo.
*Pima imyobo yo kwinjiramo kugira ngo urebe ko ihuye n'igikoresho gifunga
*Hitamo ibikoresho byo kuzuza bikwiye byo kuzuza mu myobo: silicone caulk, epoxy putty, expansion foam cyangwa polyurethane glue.
*Shyiramo hanyuma ukande igikoresho gifunga mu mwobo unyuramo.
*Bifate neza byibuze iminota 10 mbere yo kurekura igitutu.
*Hanagura ibikoresho byose byuzuza bisigaye biri hafi y'imyobo umaze kurangiza.
*Suzuma mu myobo buri gihe kugira ngo urebe neza ko nta cyuho cyangwa icyangiritse kirimo.
*Subiramo uko bikenewe kugira ngo unyuze mu myobo y'ingano zitandukanye.
Uburyo bw'ibanze bwo gukoresha via ni uguhuza amashanyarazi. Ingano ni ntoya ugereranyije n'indi myobo ikoreshwa mu gusoda. Imyobo ikoreshwa mu gusoda izaba minini. Mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora PCB, gucukura ni igikorwa cy'ibanze, kandi umuntu ntashobora kubyirengagiza. Ikibaho cyo mu ruziga ntigishobora gutanga amashanyarazi n'imikorere idahinduka hatabayeho gucukura imyobo isabwa mu gice cy'umuringa. Iyo gucukura nabi bitera ikibazo mu nzira yo gusoda, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa ry'icyo gicuruzwa, cyangwa ikibaho cyose kizaseswa, bityo inzira yo gucukura ni ingenzi.
Uburyo bwo gucukura imiyoboro
Hari uburyo bubiri bwo gucukura bwa vias: gucukura hakoreshejwe imashini no gucukura hakoreshejwe laser.
Gucukura hakoreshejwe imashini mu myobo ni igikorwa cy'ingenzi mu nganda za PCB. Mu myobo, cyangwa mu myobo, hari imyobo ifungana yose mu kibaho igahuza uruhande rumwe n'urundi. Ikoreshwa mu gushyiraho ibice no guhuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi hagati y'ibice by'ibyiciro. Gucukura hakoreshejwe imashini mu myobo bikubiyemo gukoresha ibikoresho byihariye nka drills, reamers, na countersinks kugira ngo hakorwe iyo myobo mu buryo bunoze kandi butunganye. Iyi nzira ishobora gukorwa n'intoki cyangwa hakoreshejwe imashini zikora ikoranabuhanga bitewe n'uburemere bw'igishushanyo n'ibisabwa mu musaruro. Ubwiza bw'imashini zicukura bufite ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere n'ubwizigirwa bw'ibicuruzwa, bityo iyi ntambwe igomba gukorwa neza buri gihe. Mu gukomeza kugendera ku bipimo byo hejuru binyuze mu gucukura hakoreshejwe imashini, binyuze mu myobo bishobora gukorwa mu buryo bwizewe kandi bunoze kugira ngo habeho guhuza neza amashanyarazi.
Gucukura hakoreshejwe laser
Gucukura hakoreshejwe imashini mu myobo ni igikorwa cy'ingenzi mu nganda za PCB. Mu myobo, cyangwa mu myobo, hari imyobo ifungana yose mu kibaho igahuza uruhande rumwe n'urundi. Ikoreshwa mu gushyiraho ibice no guhuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi hagati y'ibice by'ibyiciro. Gucukura hakoreshejwe imashini mu myobo bikubiyemo gukoresha ibikoresho byihariye nka drills, reamers, na countersinks kugira ngo hakorwe iyo myobo mu buryo bunoze kandi butunganye. Iyi nzira ishobora gukorwa n'intoki cyangwa hakoreshejwe imashini zikora ikoranabuhanga bitewe n'uburemere bw'igishushanyo n'ibisabwa mu musaruro. Ubwiza bw'imashini zicukura bufite ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere n'ubwizigirwa bw'ibicuruzwa, bityo iyi ntambwe igomba gukorwa neza buri gihe. Mu gukomeza kugendera ku bipimo byo hejuru binyuze mu gucukura hakoreshejwe imashini, binyuze mu myobo bishobora gukorwa mu buryo bwizewe kandi bunoze kugira ngo habeho guhuza neza amashanyarazi.
Amabwiriza yo kwirinda PCB binyuze mu gishushanyo mbonera
Menya neza ko vias zitari hafi cyane y'ibice cyangwa izindi vias.
Via ni igice cy'ingenzi mu gishushanyo cya PCB kandi kigomba gushyirwaho witonze kugira ngo hatagira ikibazo ku bindi bice cyangwa via. Iyo via zegeranye cyane, hari ibyago byo guhagarara k'umurambararo, bishobora kwangiza cyane PCB n'ibice byose bihujwe. Dukurikije ubunararibonye bwa Viasion, kugira ngo tugabanye iki kibazo, via zigomba gushyirwa nibura santimetero 0.1 uvuye ku bice, kandi via ntizigomba gushyirwa hafi ya santimetero 0.05 uvuye ku bindi.
Menya neza ko imiyoboro idahurirana n'imirongo cyangwa udupapuro ku bice byegeranye.
Mu gihe cyo gushushanya imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi (vias) ku rubuga rwa interineti, ni ngombwa kugenzura ko imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi idahurirana n'imiyoboro cyangwa udupapuro two ku zindi ntera. Ni ukubera ko imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ishobora gutera impanuka z'amashanyarazi, bigatuma sisitemu ikora nabi ndetse ikananirwa. Nk'uko injeniyeri zacu zibivuga, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi igomba gushyirwa ahantu hatari imiyoboro cyangwa udupapuro two hafi kugira ngo hirindwe iyi ngaruka. Byongeye kandi, bizatuma imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi idahungabanya ibindi bintu biri kuri PCB.
Witondere ibipimo by'ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe mu gihe ushushanya imiyoboro.
Menya neza ko ibizingo bifite icyuma gikingira umuringa neza kugira ngo bishobore gutwara umuriro.
Gushyiramo imiyoboro y'amazi bigomba kwitabwaho cyane, hirindwa ahantu inzira ishobora kugorana cyangwa idashoboka.
Sobanukirwa ibisabwa mu gishushanyo mbere yo guhitamo ukoresheje ingano n'ubwoko.
Shyira buri gihe vias nibura 0.3mm uvuye ku nkengero z'ikibaho keretse iyo byavuzwe ukundi.
Iyo imiyoboro y'amazi ishyizwe hafi cyane, ishobora kwangiza ikibaho iyo icukuwe cyangwa inyujijwe mu nzira.
Ni ngombwa gusuzuma igipimo cy’ibipimo bya vias mu gihe cyo gushushanya, kuko vias zifite igipimo cyo hejuru zishobora kugira ingaruka ku buziranenge bw’ibimenyetso no ku gushonga k’ubushyuhe.
Menya neza ko ama-vias afite aho anyura hahagije ku zindi vias, ibice byazo n'impande z'imbaho nk'uko amategeko agenga imiterere y'ama-vias abiteganya.
Iyo vias zishyizwe mu byiciro bibiri cyangwa byinshi, ni ngombwa kuzikwirakwiza ku buryo bungana kugira ngo zikore neza.
Witondere inzira zishobora kuba zegereye cyane umubiri w'igice runaka, kuko zishobora gutera ikibazo ku majwi anyuramo.
Urebye inzira zinyura hafi y'indege.
Bigomba gushyirwaho witonze kugira ngo bigabanye urusaku rw'ibimenyetso n'ingufu.
Tekereza gushyira vias mu cyiciro kimwe n'ibimenyetso aho bishoboka, kuko bigabanya ikiguzi cya vias kandi bikanoza imikorere.
Gabanya umubare w'ibicuruzwa kugira ngo ugabanye ubukana bw'imiterere n'ikiguzi.
Imiterere ya tekiniki ya PCB inyura mu mwobo
Umwanya w'umwobo unyuramo
Umurambararo w'imyobo inyura mu kirere ugomba kurenza umurambararo w'agapira k'igice gikoreshwa mu gucukura no kugumana urwego runaka. Umurambararo muto w'insinga zishobora kugeramo mu myobo ugengwa n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gucukura no gucukura hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi. Umurambararo muto w'imyobo inyura mu kirere, umwanya muto muri PCB, niko ubushobozi bwa parasitiki bugabanuka, kandi niko imikorere myiza ya frequency nyinshi iba myiza, ariko igiciro kizaba kinini.
Agapapuro ko kunyuramo
Urupapuro rugaragaza isano y'amashanyarazi hagati y'urwego rw'imbere rw'umwobo unyuramo n'insinga ku buso bw'ikibaho cyacapwe (cyangwa imbere).
Ubushobozi bw'umwobo unyura mu mwobo
Umwobo unyura mu mwobo ufite ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza parasite ku butaka. Ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza parasite mu mwobo unyura mu mwobo buzagabanya cyangwa bugabanye umuvuduko w’ikimenyetso cy’ikoranabuhanga, ibyo bikaba bitanogeye ikwirakwizwa ry’ikimenyetso mu buryo bwihuse. Ni yo ngaruka mbi nyamukuru y’ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza parasite mu mwobo unyura mu mwobo. Ariko, mu bihe bisanzwe, ingaruka z’ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza parasite mu mwobo ni ubuto kandi zishobora kuba nke cyane—uko umurambararo muto w’umwobo unyura mu mwobo, ni ko ubushobozi bwa parasite buba buto.
Uburyo bwo kunyura mu mwobo
Muri PCB hakunze gukoreshwa imyobo inyura mu byuma bikoresha amashanyarazi, ariko bishobora no kugira ingaruka zitunguranye: inductance.
Inductance ni umwihariko w'imyobo inyuramo iyo amashanyarazi anyuramo agatera imbaraga rukuruzi. Iyi mbaraga rukuruzi ishobora gutera imvururu mu yindi miyoboro inyuramo, bigatera gutakaza ikimenyetso cyangwa kugoreka. Niba dushaka kugabanya izi ngaruka, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa uburyo inductance ikora n'intambwe zo gushushanya ushobora gutera kugira ngo ugabanye ingaruka zayo ku bikoresho byawe bya PCB.
Umurambararo w'imyobo inyura mu kirere ugomba kurenza umurambararo w'agapira k'igice gikoreshwa mu gucukura no kugumana urwego runaka. Umurambararo muto w'insinga zishobora kugeramo mu myobo ugengwa n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gucukura no gucukura hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi. Umurambararo muto w'imyobo inyura mu kirere, umwanya muto muri PCB, niko ubushobozi bwa parasitiki bugabanuka, kandi niko imikorere myiza ya frequency nyinshi iba myiza, ariko igiciro kizaba kinini.
Kuki PCB vias zigomba gucomekwa?
Dore zimwe mu mpamvu zituma imiyoboro ya PCB igomba gufungwa, nk'uko byasobanuwe na Shenzhen Rich Full Joy Electronics Co., Ltd:
Shenzhen Rich Full Joy Electronics Co., Ltd:
Ibikoresho bya PCB bitanga umurongo ufatika ku bice byo gushyiramo no guhuza ibice bitandukanye bya PCB, bityo bigatuma ikibaho gikora neza akazi kacyo. Ibikoresho bya PCB bikoreshwa kandi mu kunoza imikorere y'ubushyuhe bwa PCB no kugabanya igihombo cy'amajwi. Mu gihe ibikoresho bya PCB bitwara amashanyarazi kuva ku rwego rumwe rwa PCB bijya ku rundi, bigomba gufungwa kugira ngo harebwe isano iri hagati y'ibice bitandukanye bya PCB. Icya nyuma, ibikoresho bya PCB bifasha gukumira imiyoboro migufi mu kwirinda gukorana n'ibindi bice byagaragaye kuri PCB. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bya PCB bigomba gufungwa kugira ngo birinde imikorere mibi y'amashanyarazi cyangwa kwangirika kwa PCB.
Incamake
Muri make, PCB vias ni ingenzi muri PCB, zituma zishobora gushyira ibimenyetso neza hagati y’ibice by’urubaho no guhuza ibice bitandukanye by’urubaho. Usobanukiwe ubwoko bwabyo butandukanye n’intego zabyo, ushobora kwemeza ko igishushanyo cya PCB cyawe cyakozwe neza kugira ngo gikore neza kandi cyizewe.
Shenzhen Rui Zhi Xin Feng Electronics Co., Ltd. itanga serivisi zuzuye zo gukora PCB, gushaka ibikoresho, guteranya PCB, na serivisi zo gukora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga. Dufite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga 20, twakomeje gutanga ibisubizo bya PCBA byiza ku giciro cyiza ku bakiriya barenga 6.000 ku isi. Isosiyete yacu ifite icyemezo cy'uko ifite ibyemezo bitandukanye by'inganda n'ibyemezo bya UL. Ibicuruzwa byacu byose bigenzurwa 100% mu gupima ikoranabuhanga, AOI, na X-RAY kugira ngo byuzuze amahame yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Twiyemeje gutanga serivisi nziza kandi zizewe muri buri mushinga wo guteranya PCB.
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Gucukura hakoreshejwe laser kuri PCB Gucukura hakoreshejwe PCB
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Ikoranabuhanga ryo gucukura PCB hakoreshejwe laser Inzira yo gucukura PCB
Intangiriro y'Inzira yo Gucukura:
1. Gupfunyika, Gucukura, no Gusoma Umwobo
Intego: Gucukura imyobo ku buso bwa PCB kugira ngo habeho imikoranire y'amashanyarazi hagati y'ibice bitandukanye.
Mu gukoresha udupira two hejuru mu gucukura no gupima utwobo two hasi, iyi gahunda igamije gushyiraho udupira tworohereza imikoranire y’udupira two hagati y’utundi duce ku kibaho cy’udupira cyacapwe (PCB).
Gucukura CNC:
Intego: Gucukura imyobo ku buso bwa PCB kugira ngo habeho imikoranire y'amashanyarazi hagati y'ibice bitandukanye.
Ibikoresho by'ingenzi:
Uduce two gucukura: Igizwe na tungsten carbide, cobalt, na kole y'umwimerere.
Isahani yo gupfuka: Cyane cyane aluminiyumu, ikoreshwa mu gushyira ibyuma mu mwanya wabyo, gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, kugabanya uduce duto, no gukumira kwangirika kw'ibirenge mu gihe cy'igikorwa.
Isahani yo ku ruhande: Ahanini ni ikibaho gikozwe mu buryo bwa "composite", gikoreshwa mu kurinda ameza y'imashini zicukura, gukumira imiyoboro yo gusohoka, kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'ibice byo gucukura, no gusukura ibisigazwa bya resin bivuye ku miyoboro y'ibice byo gucukura.
Binyuze mu gukoresha uburyo bwo gucukura bwa CNC bugezweho, ubu buryo butuma habaho guhuza neza kandi kwizerwa hagati y’ibibaho byacapwe (PCBs).
Igenzura ry'umwobo:
Intego: Kugira ngo hatabaho ibintu bidasanzwe nko gucukura cyane, gucukura munsi y'ubutaka, gufunga imyobo, imyobo minini cyane, cyangwa imyobo mito nyuma yo gucukura.
Mu gukora igenzura ryimbitse ry’imyobo, twemeza ko buri nzira ikora neza kandi ihamye, tukareba imikorere y’amashanyarazi n’ubwizerwe bw’ikibaho cyacapwe (PCB).
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