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Kuyini i-via ku-PCB?
2024-07-25
Kuyini i-via ku-PCB?
Ama-Vias ayizimbobo ezivame kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-PCB. Axhumanisa izendlalelo ezahlukene zenethiwekhi efanayo kodwa ngokuvamile awasetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ze-solder. Ama-Vias angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezintathu: ngokusebenzisa izimbobo, ama-vias angaboni, kanye nama-vias agqitshwe. Ulwazi oluningiliziwe lwala ma-vias amathathu lumi kanje:
Indima Yama-Blind Vias Ekuklanyweni Nasekukhiqizweni kwe-PCB
Ama-Vias angaboni
Ama-blind vias ayizimbobo ezincane ezixhumanisa ungqimba olulodwa lwe-PCB kwenye ngaphandle kokudlula ebhodini lonke. Lokhu kuvumela abaklami ukuthi bakhe ama-PCB ayinkimbinkimbi futhi agcwele kakhulu ngempumelelo nangokwethembeka kunangezindlela ezivamile. Ngokusebenzisa ama-blind vias, abaklami bangakha amazinga amaningi ebhodini elilodwa, banciphise izindleko zezingxenye futhi basheshise izikhathi zokukhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, ukujula kwe-blind via ngokuvamile akufanele kudlule isilinganiso esithile maqondana nokuvulwa kwayo. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula okunembile kokujula kokubhoboza (i-Z-axis) kubalulekile. Ukulawula okunganele kungaholela ebunzimeni ngesikhathi senqubo ye-electroplating.
Enye indlela yokwakha ama-blind vias ihilela ukubhoboza imigodi edingekayo kungqimba ngayinye yesekethe ngaphambi kokuyihlanganisa ndawonye. Isibonelo, uma udinga i-blind via kusukela ku-L1 kuya ku-L4, ungabhoboza imigodi ku-L1 naku-L2, naku-L3 naku-L4, bese ubopha zonke izingqimba ezine ndawonye. Le ndlela idinga imishini yokubeka nokulungisa enembe kakhulu. Zombili lezi zindlela ziqokomisa ukubaluleka kokunemba enkambisweni yokukhiqiza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwe-PCB.
Ama-Vias angcwatshwe
Ziyini izindwangu ezingcwatshwe?
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-micro via kanye ne-bidden via?
Ama-vias angcwatshwe ayizingxenye ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB, axhumanisa amasekethe angaphakathi ngaphandle kokunwebeka ezingqimbeni zangaphandle, okwenza angabonakali ngaphandle. Lawa ma-vias abalulekile ekuxhumekeni kwesignali yangaphakathi. Ochwepheshe embonini ye-PCB bavame ukuqaphela ukuthi, "Ama-vias angcwatshwe anciphisa amathuba okuphazamiseka kwesignali, agcina ukuqhubeka kwe-impedance ephawulekayo yomugqa wokudlulisela, futhi alondoloze isikhala sezintambo." Lokhu kuwenza afaneleke kakhulu kuma-PCB aqinile futhi ashesha kakhulu.
Njengoba ama-via agqitshwe engenakubholwa ngemva kokumbozwa, ukubholwa kumele kwenziwe ezingqimbeni zesekethe ngazinye ngaphambi kokumbozwa. Le nqubo ithatha isikhathi esiningi uma iqhathaniswa nemigodi edlulayo kanye nama-via angaboni, okuholela ezindleleni eziphakeme. Naphezu kwalokhu, ama-via agqitshwe asetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-PCB anobuningi obukhulu ukuze kwandiswe isikhala esisebenzisekayo kwezinye izingqimba zesekethe, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kanye nokuthembeka kwe-PCB iyonke.
Ngezimbobo
Izimbobo ezidlulayo zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma zonke izendlalelo ngesendlalelo esiphezulu nesezansi. Ukufaka ithusi ngaphakathi kwezimbobo kungasetshenziswa ekuxhumekeni kwangaphakathi noma njengembobo yokubeka izingxenye. Inhloso yezimbobo ezidlulayo ukuvumela ukudlula kwezintambo zikagesi noma ezinye izingxenye endaweni engaphezulu. Izimbobo ezidlulayo zinikeza indlela yokufaka nokuvikela ukuxhumana kukagesi kumabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe, izintambo noma izinto ezifanayo ezidinga indawo yokunamathisela. Zisetshenziswa futhi njengezikhonkwane nezinamathiselo emikhiqizweni yezimboni efana nefenisha, amashelufu, kanye nemishini yezokwelapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbobo ezidlulayo zinganikeza ukufinyelela kokudlula kwezinduku ezinezintambo emishinini noma ezakhiweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokuxhuma izimbobo iyadingeka. I-Viasion ifingqa izidingo ezilandelayo zokuxhuma izimbobo.
*Hlanza izimbobo ezidlulayo usebenzisa indlela yokuhlanza nge-plasma.
*Qinisekisa ukuthi imbobo yokuphuma ayinazo izibi, ukungcola kanye nothuli.
*Linganisa izimbobo zokungena ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyahambisana nedivayisi yokuxhuma
*Khetha into yokugcwalisa efanele yokugcwalisa izimbobo: i-silicone caulk, i-epoxy putty, i-expanding foam noma i-polyurethane glue.
*Faka bese ucindezela idivayisi yokuxhuma emgodini odlulayo.
*Yibambe ngokuphephile okungenani imizuzu eyi-10 ngaphambi kokukhulula ingcindezi.
*Sula noma yiziphi izinto zokugcwalisa ezisele ezizungeze izimbobo uma seziqediwe.
*Hlola imigodi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayinawo amachaphaza noma umonakalo.
*Phinda inqubo njengoba kudingeka ukuze udlule ezimbobeni ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-via ukuxhumana ngogesi. Usayizi mncane kuneminye imigodi esetshenziselwa izingxenye ze-solder. Imigodi esetshenziselwa izingxenye ze-solder izoba mikhulu. Kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-PCB, ukubhoboza kuyinqubo eyisisekelo, futhi umuntu akanakukhohlwa ngakho. Ibhodi lesifunda alikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokuxhumeka kukagesi kanye nemisebenzi yedivayisi ezinzile ngaphandle kokubhoboza imigodi edingekayo epuletini elimbozwe ngethusi. Uma ukubhoboza okungafanele kubangela noma iyiphi inkinga enqubweni yemigodi edlulayo, kungathinta ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo, noma ibhodi lonke lizolahlwa, ngakho-ke inqubo yokubhoboza ibalulekile.
Izindlela zokubhoboza ama-via
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokubhoboza ze-vias: ukubhoboza ngomshini kanye nokubhoboza nge-laser.
Ukubhoboza ngemishini ngemigodi kuyinqubo ebalulekile embonini ye-PCB. Ngemigodi, noma ngemigodi, yizimbobo eziyisilinda ezidlula ngokuphelele ebhodini futhi zixhumane ohlangothini olulodwa kolunye. Zisetshenziselwa ukufaka izingxenye nokuxhumanisa amasekethe kagesi phakathi kwezingqimba. Ukubhoboza ngemishini ngemigodi kuhilela ukusebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile njengemishini yokubhoboza, ama-reamers, kanye nama-countersink ukudala lezi zimbobo ngokunemba nangokunembile. Le nqubo ingenziwa ngesandla noma ngemishini ezenzakalelayo kuye ngobunzima bezidingo zomklamo nokukhiqiza. Ikhwalithi yokubhoboza ngemishini ithinta ngqo ukusebenza komkhiqizo kanye nokuthembeka, ngakho-ke lesi sinyathelo kumele senziwe ngendlela efanele njalo. Ngokugcina amazinga aphezulu ngokubhoboza ngemishini, ngemigodi kungenziwa ngendlela ethembekile futhi enembile ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana kukagesi okusebenzayo.
Ukubhoboza nge-laser
Ukubhoboza ngemishini ngemigodi kuyinqubo ebalulekile embonini ye-PCB. Ngemigodi, noma ngemigodi, yizimbobo eziyisilinda ezidlula ngokuphelele ebhodini futhi zixhumane ohlangothini olulodwa kolunye. Zisetshenziselwa ukufaka izingxenye nokuxhumanisa amasekethe kagesi phakathi kwezingqimba. Ukubhoboza ngemishini ngemigodi kuhilela ukusebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile njengemishini yokubhoboza, ama-reamers, kanye nama-countersink ukudala lezi zimbobo ngokunemba nangokunembile. Le nqubo ingenziwa ngesandla noma ngemishini ezenzakalelayo kuye ngobunzima bezidingo zomklamo nokukhiqiza. Ikhwalithi yokubhoboza ngemishini ithinta ngqo ukusebenza komkhiqizo kanye nokuthembeka, ngakho-ke lesi sinyathelo kumele senziwe ngendlela efanele njalo. Ngokugcina amazinga aphezulu ngokubhoboza ngemishini, ngemigodi kungenziwa ngendlela ethembekile futhi enembile ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana kukagesi okusebenzayo.
Izinyathelo Zokuqapha ze-PCB ngokuklama
Qinisekisa ukuthi ama-via awasondelene kakhulu nezingxenye noma ezinye ama-via.
Ama-Via ayingxenye ebalulekile yomklamo we-PCB futhi kumele abekwe ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awabangeli ukuphazamiseka kwezinye izingxenye noma ama-via. Uma ama-via esondelene kakhulu, kunengozi yokunqamula ukujikeleza, okungalimaza kakhulu i-PCB nazo zonke izingxenye ezixhunyiwe. Ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho kwe-Viasion, ukuze kuncishiswe le ngozi, ama-via kufanele abekwe okungenani amasentimitha angu-0.1 ukusuka ezingxenyeni, futhi ama-via akufanele abekwe eduze kwamasentimitha angu-0.05 komunye nomunye.
Qinisekisa ukuthi ama-via awahlangani nezinsalela noma ama-pad ezingqimbeni eziseduze.
Uma uklama ama-via ebhodi lesifunda, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-via awahlangani nanoma yiziphi izinsalela noma ama-pad kwezinye izendlalelo. Kungenxa yokuthi ama-via angabangela ama-short kagesi, okuholela ekungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu kanye nokwehluleka. Njengoba onjiniyela bethu besikisela, ama-via kufanele abekwe ngendlela efanele ezindaweni ezingenazo izinsalela noma ama-pad eduze ukuze kugwenywe le ngozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi ama-via awaphazamisi ezinye izinto ku-PCB.
Cabangela izilinganiso zamanje kanye nezinga lokushisa lapho uklama ama-via.
Qinisekisa ukuthi ama-vias ane-copper plating enhle ukuze akwazi ukuthwala amandla kagesi.
Ukufakwa kwe-vias kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokucophelela, kugwenywe izindawo lapho umzila ungase ube nzima noma ungenzeki khona.
Qonda izidingo zomklamo ngaphambi kokukhetha ngosayizi nezinhlobo.
Njalo beka ama-via okungenani angu-0.3mm ukusuka emaphethelweni ebhodi ngaphandle uma kuchazwe ngenye indlela.
Uma ama-vias ebekwe eduze kakhulu komunye nomunye, kungalimaza ibhodi uma libholwa noma lihanjiswa.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela isilinganiso se-aspect ratio yama-via ngesikhathi sokuklama, njengoba ama-via ane-aspect ratio ephezulu angathinta ubuqotho besignali kanye nokushabalaliswa kokushisa.
Qiniseka ukuthi ama-via anezikhala ezanele kwamanye ama-via, izingxenye kanye nemiphetho yamabhodi ngokwemithetho yokuklama.
Uma ama-via ebekwa ngamabili noma ngamanani abaluleke kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuwasakaza ngokulinganayo ukuze kusebenze kahle.
Qaphela ama-via angase asondele kakhulu emzimbeni wengxenye, njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukuphazamiseka kwezimpawu ezidlulayo.
Uma ucabanga ngemigwaqo eseduze nezindiza.
Kufanele zibekwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuncishiswe isignali nomsindo wamandla.
Cabanga ngokubeka ama-vias kungqimba efanayo nezimpawu lapho kungenzeka khona, njengoba lokhu kunciphisa izindleko zama-vias futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza.
Nciphisa inani lama-vias ukuze unciphise ubunzima bomklamo kanye nezindleko.
Izici zemishini ze-PCB ngokusebenzisa imbobo
Ububanzi obudlula emgodini
Ububanzi bemigodi edlulayo kumele budlule ububanzi bephini yengxenye ye-plug-in futhi kugcinwe umkhawulo othile. Ububanzi obuncane obungafinyelelwa yizintambo ngemigodi bunqunyelwe ubuchwepheshe bokubhoboza kanye nobuchwepheshe be-electroplating. Ububanzi bemigodi emincane, isikhala esincane ku-PCB, kulapho amandla e-parasitic eba mancane, futhi kulapho ukusebenza kwemvamisa ephezulu kuba ngcono, kodwa izindleko zizoba phezulu.
Iphedi yokungena ngembobo
Iphedi ibona ukuxhumana kukagesi phakathi kwengqimba yangaphakathi ye-electroplating yembobo edlulayo kanye nezintambo ebusweni bebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe (noma ngaphakathi).
Umthamo wembobo edlulayo
Imbobo edlulayo inomthamo we-parasite phansi. Umthamo we-parasite odlulayo uzonciphisa noma wonakalise umkhawulo okhuphukayo wesiginali yedijithali, okungafanele ukudluliswa kwesiginali yemvamisa ephezulu. Kungumphumela omubi oyinhloko womthamo we-parasite odlulayo. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezivamile, umthelela we-parasite odlulayo uwubuncane futhi ungaba ncane—ububanzi obuncane bembobo edlulayo, kulapho umthamo we-parasite uba mncane khona.
Ukungena komgodi odlulayo
Izimbobo ezidlulayo zivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-PCB ukuxhuma izingxenye zikagesi, kodwa zingaba nomphumela omubi ongalindelekile: i-inductance.
I-inductance iyimpahla yezimbobo ezidlulayo ezenzeka lapho ugesi ugeleza kuzo futhi ubangele insimu yamagnetic. Le nsimu yamagnetic ingabangela ukuphazamiseka kwezinye izixhumanisi ezidlulayo, okuholela ekulahlekelweni noma ekuphazamisekeni kwesiginali. Uma sifuna ukunciphisa le miphumela, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-inductance isebenza kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo zokuklama ongazithatha ukuze unciphise umthelela wayo kuma-PCB akho.
Ububanzi bemigodi edlulayo kumele budlule ububanzi bephini yengxenye ye-plug-in futhi kugcinwe umkhawulo othile. Ububanzi obuncane obungafinyelelwa yizintambo ngemigodi bunqunyelwe ubuchwepheshe bokubhoboza kanye nobuchwepheshe be-electroplating. Ububanzi bemigodi emincane, isikhala esincane ku-PCB, kulapho amandla e-parasitic eba mancane, futhi kulapho ukusebenza kwemvamisa ephezulu kuba ngcono, kodwa izindleko zizoba phezulu.
Kungani ama-PCB vias kumele axhunywe?
Nazi ezinye zezizathu zokuthi kungani ama-PCB vias kumele axhunywe, njengoba kufingqiwe yi-Shenzhen Rich Full Joy Electronics Co., Ltd:
I-Shenzhen Rich Full Joy Electronics Co., Ltd:
Ama-PCB vias ahlinzeka ngesixhumanisi esibonakalayo sokufaka izingxenye futhi axhumanise izendlalelo ezahlukene ze-PCB, ngaleyo ndlela enze ibhodi likwazi ukwenza umsebenzi walo ohlosiwe ngempumelelo. Ama-PCB vias nawo asetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokushisa kwe-PCB nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwesiginali. Njengoba ama-PCB vias eqhuba ugesi kusuka kungqimba olulodwa lwe-PCB kuya kolunye, kumele axhunywe ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingqimba ezahlukene ze-PCB. Okokugcina, ama-PCB vias asiza ukuvimbela izifunda ezimfushane ngokugwema ukuxhumana nanoma yiziphi ezinye izingxenye eziveziwe ku-PCB. Ngakho-ke, ama-PCB vias kumele axhunywe ukuze kuvinjelwe noma yikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle kukagesi noma ukulimala kwe-PCB.
Isifinyezo
Kafushane nje, ama-PCB vias ayizingxenye ezibalulekile zama-PCB, eziwavumela ukuthi aqondise amasignali ngempumelelo phakathi kwezingqimba futhi axhumanise izakhi zebhodi ezahlukene. Ngokuqonda izinhlobo zawo nezinjongo zawo ezahlukene, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi umklamo wakho we-PCB ulungiselelwe ukusebenza nokuthembeka.
I-Shenzhen Rui Zhi Xin Feng Electronics Co., Ltd. inikeza ukukhiqizwa okuphelele kwe-PCB, ukuthola izingxenye, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-PCB, kanye nezinsizakalo zokukhiqiza nge-elekthronikhi. Njengoba sineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 yesipiliyoni, sihlale sinikeza izixazululo ze-PCBA ezisezingeni eliphezulu ngamanani ancintisanayo kumakhasimende angaphezu kuka-6,000 omhlaba wonke. Inkampani yethu iqinisekiswe ngezitifiketi ezahlukene zemboni kanye nokuvunyelwa kwe-UL. Yonke imikhiqizo yethu ihlolwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-E-testing, i-AOI, kanye ne-X-RAY okungu-100% ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu zemboni. Sizibophezele ekuhlinzekeni ngekhwalithi nokuthembeka okumangalisayo kuyo yonke iphrojekthi yokuhlanganiswa kwe-PCB.
Ukubhola nge-laser ye-PCB Ukubhola nge-mechanical ye-PCB
Ukubhoboza nge-laser kwama-PCB Ukubhoboza nge-PCB
Ukubhola Imigoqo ye-PCB nge-Laser Ukubhola Kwemishini kwama-PCB
Ukubhola i-PCB Microvia Laser Ukubhola i-PCB Hole
Ubuchwepheshe Bokubhoboza Nge-Laser ye-PCB Inqubo Yokubhoboza Nge-PCB
Inqubo Yokubhoboza Isingeniso:
1. Ukuciba, Ukubhoboza, Nokufunda Imigodi
Inhloso: Ukubhoboza imigodi ebusweni be-PCB ukuze kutholakale ukuxhumana kukagesi phakathi kwezingqimba ezahlukene.
Ngokusebenzisa izikhonkwane eziphezulu zokubhoboza kanye nezikhonkwane ezingezansi zokufunda imigodi, le nqubo iqinisekisa ukudalwa kwama-via alula ukuxhumana kwesekethe phakathi kwezingqimba ebhodini lesekethe eliphrintiwe (i-PCB).
Ukubhoboza kwe-CNC:
Inhloso: Ukubhoboza imigodi ebusweni be-PCB ukuze kutholakale ukuxhumana kukagesi phakathi kwezingqimba ezahlukene.
Izinto Ezibalulekile:
Izingcezu Zokubhoboza: Yakhiwe nge-tungsten carbide, i-cobalt, kanye nezinamathiselo eziphilayo.
Ipuleti Lesembozo: Ngokuyinhloko i-aluminium, esetshenziselwa ukubeka ama-drill bit, ukushabalalisa ukushisa, ukunciphisa ama-burrs, nokuvimbela ukulimala kwezinyawo ezicindezelekile ngesikhathi senqubo.
Ipuleti Lokusekela: Ngokuyinhloko ibhodi elihlanganisiwe, elisetshenziselwa ukuvikela itafula lomshini wokubhoboza, ukuvimbela ama-burrs okuphuma, ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa lama-drill bit, nokuhlanza insalela ye-resin kusuka kuma-drill bit flutes.
Ngokusebenzisa ukubhoboza kwe-CNC okunembe kakhulu, le nqubo iqinisekisa ukuxhumana okunembile nokuthembekile phakathi kwezingqimba kumabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe (ama-PCB).
Ukuhlolwa Kwemigodi:
Inhloso: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukuphazamiseka okufana nokubhoboza ngokweqile, ukubhoboza ngaphansi, imigodi evalekile, imigodi emikhulu kakhulu, noma imigodi engajulile ngemva kwenqubo yokubhoboza.
Ngokwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwemigodi, siqinisekisa ikhwalithi kanye nokuvumelana kwe-via ngayinye, siqinisekisa ukusebenza kukagesi kanye nokuthembeka kwebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe (i-PCB).
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