PCIe 5.0 vs PCIe 6.0 Piav Qhia: Cov Kev Sib Tw Tseem Ceeb rau AI Data Center PCB Manufacturing
Cov Ntsiab Lus
- Kev Taw Qhia: PCIe Evolution thiab AI Data Center Demands
- PCIe 5.0 yog dab tsi?
- PCIe 6.0 yog dab tsi?
- Vim li cas AI Data Centers thiaj xav tau PCIe 5.0 thiab 6.0
- Kev Sib Tw Txog Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Lub Teeb Liab: PCIe 5.0 vs 6.0
- Kev Xaiv Cov Khoom Siv PCB Ceev thiab Cov Txheej Txheem
- Yuav Ua Li Cas Siv PCIe 6.0 PAM4 Signaling hauv PCBs
- Cov Txheej Txheem Kuaj thiab Kev Pom Zoo
- Kev Kawm Txog Lub Hoobkas thiab Kev Qhia Txog Lub Peev Xwm
- Xaus Lus thiab Cov Lus Qhia
- Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau (FAQ)
PCIe Evolution thiab AI Data Center Xav Tau
PCI Express (PCIe) yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv kev sib txuas ceev ceev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv cov servers thiab GPU clusters.
PCIe 5.0 yog dab tsi?
PCIe 5.0, uas tau tsim tawm xyoo 2019, tau nce cov nqi ntaub ntawv mus txog 32 GT/s, muab kwv yees li 4 GB/s ib txoj kab thiab txog li 64 GB/s rau ib qho x16 tag nrho. Nws tseem siv NRZ (Non-Return-to-Zero) signaling, tswj kev sib raug zoo rov qab.
PCIe 6.0 yog dab tsi?
PCIe 6.0, tso tawm xyoo 2022, ob npaug ntawm qhov ceev mus rau 64 GT/s, muab qhov loj heev 128 GB/s rau x16 txoj kab. Qhov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb yog kev hloov mus rau PAM4 (Pulse-Amplitude Modulation nrog 4 qib) thiab kev koom ua ke ntawm FEC (Forward Error Correction) los txo qhov yuam kev me ntsis. Qhov kev hloov pauv no ua rau PCB tsim nyuaj dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub teeb liab.
Vim li cas AI Data Centers thiaj xav tau PCIe 5.0 thiab 6.0
Kev cob qhia AI thiab kev xam pom xav tau kev sib txuas ceev heev ntawm GPUs thiab CPUs. PCIe 5.0 thiab PCIe 6.0 xa cov bandwidth uas AI data center vam khom. Thaum GPU density nce ntxiv, PCB teeb liab teeb meem nce ntxiv, ua rau kev tsim khoom siab heev tseem ceeb.
Kev Sib Tw Txog Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Lub Teeb Liab: PCIe 5.0 vs 6.0
Kev poob ntawm kev ntxig
Rau PCIe 5.0, kev kam rau kev poob ntawm kev ntxig yog nyob ib puag ncig 28-30 dB, tab sis PCIe 6.0 xav tau cov kev txwv nruj dua, feem ntau qis dua 20 dB. Qhov dielectric poob (Df) ntawm cov ntaub ntawv PCB thiab qhov ntev ntawm cov kab txuas ncaj qha cuam tshuam seb cov teeb liab puas ruaj khov.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Crosstalk thiab Impedance
Nrog PAM4 signaling, amplitude yog ib nrab, ua rau crosstalk thiab reflections muaj teeb meem ntau dua. PCB tsim khoom yuav tsum tswj hwm qhov sib txawv impedance hauv 85 ± 5 Ω, xav tau cov cai sib nrug nruj dua thiab cov tswv yim tiv thaiv.
Kev Sib Txawv ntawm Kev Taw Qhia thiab Kev Teeb Tsa
Yuav tsum txo qhov ntev ntawm cov kab hauv PCIe 6.0. Txhua qhov kab uas ntev dua 10 ntiv tes yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv uas tsis tshua muaj kev poob lossis ntxiv cov retimers kom khaws tau qhov tseeb ntawm cov teeb liab.
Kev Xaiv Cov Khoom Siv PCB Ceev thiab Cov Txheej Txheem
FR4 vs Cov Khoom Siv Zaus / Ceev
Cov FR4 ib txwm muaj teeb meem nrog PCIe 6.0. Cov ntaub ntawv siab heev xws li Megtron 6, Tachyon 100G, thiab Isola I-Tera MT40 muab Dk/Df qis dua, ua rau lawv haum rau PAM4 signaling.
Kev Xaiv Qhov Thickness Plating PCB Ceev thiab Cov Ntawv Nyiaj Tooj Liab
Cov tooj liab tuab dhau ua rau cov ntxig poob. Cov tuab ntawm PCB plating ceev ceev feem ntau yog 1 oz lossis nyias dua, nrog rau cov ntawv ci tooj liab du siv los txo qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub teeb liab.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Siv PCIe 6.0 PAM4 Signaling hauv PCBs
Kev siv PAM4 yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua qub thoob plaws cov ntaub ntawv, kev xa xov, thiab cov khoom sib txuas. Kev sim ua qauv ntawm Eye-Diagram lees paub qhov ua tau zoo, thaum ceev faj ntawm kev tswj hwm txo qhov tsis sib txuas.
Cov Txheej Txheem Kuaj thiab Kev Pom Zoo
- Kev kuaj xyuas kev ua raws li txoj cai ua kom PCIe 6.0 channel ua raws li txoj cai
- Kev tshuaj xyuas daim duab qhov muag xyuas seb qhov qhib qhov muag puas muaj teeb meem dab tsi
- TX/RX calibration nrog FEC txo cov nqi yuam kev me ntsis
- Kev kuaj CEM lees paub qhov kev sib koom tes ntawm theem system
Kev Kawm Txog Lub Hoobkas thiab Kev Qhia Txog Lub Peev Xwm
Peb qhov kev txawj ntse hauv AI data center PCB manufacturing suav nrog:
- Kev tsim khoom loj nrog cov laminates uas tsis tshua muaj kev poob qis
- Kev tswj hwm kev kub ceev thiab kev tswj hwm impedance
- Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia txog 40% txo qis hauv BER thiab 12% kev txhim kho latency hauv GPU interconnects
Cov Lus Qhia
PCIe 5.0 thiab PCIe 6.0 tab tom txhais dua qhov kev tsim khoom PCB rau AI data center. Cov kws tsim qauv yuav tsum muab qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv ceev ceev, kev xa khoom zoo tshaj plaws, thiab kev ua qauv zoo. Cov thawj coj kev yuav khoom yuav tsum koom tes nrog cov chaw tsim khoom PCB uas muaj kev paub txog kev tsim qauv ceev ceev thiab zaus siab.
Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau (FAQ)
Q1: Qhov txawv tseem ceeb ntawm PCIe 5.0 thiab PCIe 6.0 yog dab tsi?
A1: Qhov ceev nce ntxiv ntawm 32 GT/s mus rau 64 GT/s, nrog rau kev siv PAM4 thiab FEC.
Q2: Vim li cas cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv AI thiaj muaj cov kev cai siab dua rau kev tsim PCB?
A2: GPU pawg loj heev, cov channel sib txuas ntev, thiab cov teeb liab teeb meem yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Q3: Cov kev xaiv feem ntau rau cov ntaub ntawv PCB ceev ceev yog dab tsi?
A3: Megtron 6, Tachyon 100G, I-Tera MT40.
Q4: Yuav ua li cas kom txo qhov poob ntawm lub teeb liab hauv PCIe 6.0?
A4: Xaiv cov ntaub ntawv uas poob qis, tswj qhov ntev ntawm cov kab, siv cov retimers.
Q5: Puas yog qhov tuab ntawm PCB plating ceev ceev cuam tshuam rau cov teeb liab?
A5: Yog, cov tooj liab tuab dhau ua rau poob. Siv cov tooj liab du nrog cov tuab tsim nyog.
Q6: Yuav ua li cas los xyuas kom meej tias PCIe channel ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv AI data center motherboards?
A6: Los ntawm kev sim ua raws li txoj cai, kev tshuaj xyuas Eye-Diagram, thiab kev kho FEC.
