I-PCIe 5.0 vs PCIe 6.0 Ichaziwe: Imingeni ephambili kwi-AI Data Center PCB Manufacturing
Isiqulatho
- Intshayelelo: Iimfuno ze-PCIe Evolution kunye ne-AI Data Center
- Yintoni i-PCIe 5.0
- Yintoni i-PCIe 6.0
- Kutheni Amaziko eDatha e-AI edinga i-PCIe 5.0 kunye ne-6.0
- Imingeni yoBulungisa beSignali: iPCIe 5.0 vs 6.0
- Izinto zePCB ezikhawulezayo kunye noKhetho lweNkqubo
- Indlela yokusebenzisa i-PCIe 6.0 PAM4 Signaling kwii-PCB
- Iindlela zoVavanyo kunye noQinisekiso
- Uphononongo lweTyala leFektri kunye nomboniso wobuchule
- Isiphelo kunye neeNgcebiso
- Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo)
Iimfuno zeZiko leDatha le-PCIe Evolution kunye ne-AI
I-PCI Express (PCIe) yenye yezona migangatho zibalulekileyo zokunxibelelana ngesantya esiphezulu kwiiseva nakwii-GPU clusters.
Yintoni i-PCIe 5.0
I-PCIe 5.0, eyaziswa ngo-2019, inyuse amazinga edatha ukuya kwi-32 GT/s, inika malunga ne-4 GB/s ngomgca ngamnye kwaye ifikelela kwi-64 GB/s kwisithuba esipheleleyo se-x16. Isasebenzisa isignali ye-NRZ (Non-Return-to-Zero), igcina ukuhambelana okungasemva.
Yintoni i-PCIe 6.0
I-PCIe 6.0, eyakhutshwa ngo-2022, iphinda kabini isantya ukuya kwi-64 GT/s, inikezela nge-128 GB/s enkulu kwiindlela ze-x16. Utshintsho oluphambili kukutshintshela kwi-PAM4 (i-Pulse-Amplitude Modulation enamanqanaba ama-4) kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-FEC (i-Forward Error Correction) ukunciphisa iimpazamo zeebhithi. Olu tshintsho lunyusa kakhulu ubunzima boyilo lwe-PCB, ngakumbi ukuthembeka kwesignali.
Kutheni Amaziko eDatha e-AI edinga i-PCIe 5.0 kunye ne-6.0
Uqeqesho lwe-AI kunye nokuqonda kufuna unxibelelwano olukhawulezayo kakhulu phakathi kwee-GPU kunye nee-CPU. I-PCIe 5.0 kunye ne-PCIe 6.0 zibonelela nge-bandwidth exhomekeke kuyo iziko ledatha ye-AI. Njengoko uxinano lwe-GPU lusanda, imingeni yokuthembeka kwesignali ye-PCB iyanda, nto leyo eyenza ukuba imveliso ephucukileyo ibe yimfuneko.
Imingeni yoBulungisa beSignali: iPCIe 5.0 vs 6.0
Ukulahleka Kokufakwa
Kwi-PCIe 5.0, ukunyamezelana kokulahlekelwa kokufakwa kumalunga ne-28-30 dB, kodwa i-PCIe 6.0 ifuna imida engqongqo kakhulu, edla ngokuba ngaphantsi kwe-20 dB. Ukulahleka kwe-dielectric (Df) kwezinto ze-PCB kunye nobude be-trace buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba imiqondiso ihlala izinzile.
Ulawulo lweCrosstalk kunye ne-Impedance
Nge-PAM4 signaling, i-amplitude iyancitshiswa ngesiqingatha, nto leyo eyenza ukuba i-crosstalk kunye ne-reflections zibe yingxaki ngakumbi. Ukuveliswa kwe-PCB kufuneka kugcine i-differential impedance ngaphakathi kwe-85 ± 5 Ω, nto leyo efuna imithetho eqinileyo yokubeka izithuba kunye namaqhinga okukhusela.
Imingeni eyahlukeneyo yoKuhamba kunye noKwakha
Ubude be-trace kwi-PCIe 6.0 kufuneka buncitshiswe. Naluphi na u-trace olude ngaphezu kwe-intshi ezili-10 lufuna izixhobo ezilahleka kakhulu okanye ukongezwa kwee-retimers ukugcina ukuthembeka kwesignali.
Izinto zePCB ezikhawulezayo kunye noKhetho lweNkqubo
Izixhobo ze-FR4 vs eziQhelekileyo/ezikhawulezayo
I-FR4 eqhelekileyo iyasokola nge-PCIe 6.0. Izixhobo eziphambili ezifana neMegtron 6, Tachyon 100G, kunye ne-Isola I-Tera MT40 zibonelela ngeDk/Df ephantsi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zilungele i-PAM4 signaling.
Ubukhulu bePlating yePCB ekhawulezayo kunye noKhetho lweFoyile yeCopper
Ubukhulu bekopolo obugqithisileyo buyandisa ilahleko yokufakwa. Ubukhulu beplati yePCB ekhawulezayo budla ngokuba yi-1 oz okanye buncinci, kunye nefoyile yobhedu egudileyo esetyenziselwa ukunciphisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwesignali.
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-PCIe 6.0 PAM4 Signaling kwii-PCB
Ukusebenzisa i-PAM4 kufuna ukwenziwa ngcono ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke izixhobo, iindlela zokuhambisa, kunye nezihlanganisi. Ukulinganisa i-Eye-Diagram kuqinisekisa ukusebenza, ngelixa ulawulo olucokisekileyo lunciphisa ukungaqhubeki.
Iindlela zoVavanyo kunye noQinisekiso
- Uvavanyo lokuthobela imithetho luqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwetshaneli ye-PCIe 6.0
- Uhlalutyo lweDiagram yamehlo lujonga ukuvuleka kwamehlo okubonisa isignali
- Ukulinganiswa kwe-TX/RX nge-FEC kunciphisa amazinga eempazamo zebhithi
- Uvavanyo lwe-CEM luqinisekisa ukusebenzisana kwinqanaba lenkqubo
Uphononongo lweTyala leFektri kunye nomboniso wobuchule
Ubuchule bethu kwimveliso ye-AI data center PCB buquka:
- Imveliso enkulu ngee-laminates ezilahleka kakhulu
- Amandla okulawula umzila wesantya esiphezulu kunye nokuthintela
- Izifundo zetyala ezibonisa ukwehla kwe-40% kwi-BER kunye nokuphuculwa kwe-latency ye-12% kwii-GPU interconnects
Iingcebiso
I-PCIe 5.0 kunye ne-PCIe 6.0 ziphinda zichaze imveliso ye-PCB yamaziko edatha e-AI. Iinjineli zoyilo kufuneka zibeke phambili izixhobo ezikhawulezayo, ukuhanjiswa kweenkqubo ngendlela ephucukileyo, kunye nokulinganisa okuqinileyo. Iinkokheli zokuthenga kufuneka zisebenzisane nabavelisi be-PCB abanamava kuyilo olukhawulezayo nolukhawulezayo.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo)
Q1: Ngowuphi umahluko ophambili phakathi kwePCIe 5.0 kunye nePCIe 6.0?
A1: Isantya siyanda ukusuka kwi-32 GT/s ukuya kwi-64 GT/s, ngokwamkelwa kwe-PAM4 kunye ne-FEC.
Umbuzo 2: Kutheni amaziko edatha e-AI eneemfuno eziphezulu zokwenziwa kwe-PCB?
A2: Isikali seqela le-GPU sikhulu, iitshaneli zonxibelelwano zinde, kwaye imingeni yokuthembeka kwesignali ibalulekile.
Q3: Ziziphi iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokukhetha izinto zePCB ezikhawulezayo?
A3: Megtron 6, Tachyon 100G, I-Tera MT40.
Q4: Ungayinciphisa njani ilahleko yesiginali kwi-PCIe 6.0?
A4: Khetha izinto ezilahlekelwa kancinci, lawula ubude bomkhondo, sebenzisa ii-retimers.
Umbuzo 5: Ngaba ubukhulu be-PCB plating obukhawulezayo buchaphazela imiqondiso?
A5: Ewe, ubukhulu bekopolo obugqithisileyo buyandisa ilahleko. Sebenzisa ikopolo egudileyo enobukhulu obufanelekileyo.
Umbuzo 6: Ungaqinisekisa njani ukusebenza kwetshaneli ye-PCIe kwiibhodi zedatha ze-AI?
A6: Ngovavanyo lokuthobela imithetho, uhlalutyo lwe-Eye-Diagram, kunye nokulinganiswa kwe-FEC.
