Zvikamu zveModule

PCB inochinjika

1. Ndeipi mutsetse mudiki wePCB inochinjika?

Zvakajairika: 30μm/30μm; maitiro epamusoro: 12μm/12μm (IPC-2223 standard)
2. Mabhodhi anochinjika anogona kutsungirira kukotama kangani?

Chigadziko chepolyester: ~100,000 kanomwe; chigadziko chepolyimide: ≥1,000,000 kanomwe
3. Ndeipi tembiricha yekushanda yePCB inochinjika?

Chigadziko chepolyimide: -196℃ kusvika +260℃; chigadziko chepolyester: -55℃ kusvika +150℃
4. Maitiro ekuverenga nharaunda yekukotama yemabhodhi anochinjika?

Zvose: R≥3×ukobvu hwebhodhi; mashandisirwo akakosha: R=1.5×ukobvu hwebhodhi
5. Chii chinonzi mwero wekunyudzwa kwemvura kwePCB inochinjika?

Polyimide:
6. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinowanzo shandiswa pakugadzira mapuranga anochinjika?

Polyimide (PI), polyester (PET), liquid crystal polymer (LCP)
7. Chii chinonzi dielectric constant yemabhodhi anochinjika?

Polyimide: εr≈3.5; PET: εr≈3.2
8. Nzira yekudzivirira sei flexible board delamination?

Dhigirii rekudzikisa tembiricha yekudzikisa jira; jira rekudzikisa jira repolyimide: 280-320℃
9. Ndezvipi zvinodiwa zvebhodhi rinochinjika remhangura foil ukobvu?

Zvakajairika: 18μm, 35μm, 70μm; zvishoma: 9μm
10. Ndeipi PCB inochinjika inogona kutsungirira huwandu hwemazuva ano hwakanyanya?

18μm foil yemhangura: ~20A/mm²
11. Maitiro ekuyedza mashandiro ekukombama kwemabhodhi anochinjika?

Bvunzo rekukotama kwedenderedzwa zvichienderana neASTM D2176 standard
12. Ndedzipi nzira dzekugadzirisa pamusoro pemabhodhi anochinjika?

Goridhe rekunyudza risina electroless nickel (ENIG), tin rekunyudza, OSP; ENIG: Ni 3-5μm, Au 0.05-0.1μm
13. Ndeipi tembiricha yakakodzera yeSMT yekusonesa mabhodhi anochinjika?

Kudziya kwekupisa kwepamusoro pemvura: polyimide substrate ≤260℃; PET substrate ≤230℃
14. Nzira yekugadzira nzvimbo yekusimbisa yemapuranga anochinjika sei?

Ukobvu hwekusimbisa: 1.5-2 × ukobvu hwebhodhi hunochinjika; mipendero yakatenderera inodiwa
15. Kobvu hwemask yesolder yePCB inochinjika hwakaita sei?

Zvakajairika: 15-30μm; zvinodiwa zvakakosha: kusvika 50μm
16. Mabhodhi anochinjika anogona kugadziriswa nema vias asina kuvharwa here?

Ehe; dhayamita yebvudzi shoma: 0.15mm, chiyero cheaspect ≤3:1
17. Ungasarudza sei pakati pepolyimide nepolyester?

Polyimide yezvinodiwa pakupisa kwakanyanya uye zvinokombama zvakanyanya; polyester yekushandiswa kunonyanya kudhura
18. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinochengeterwa mabhodhi anochinjika?

Hunyoro ＜60%, tembiricha 20-25℃, hupenyu hwesherufu mwedzi 6-12
19. Maitiro ekugadzirisa nyaya dzekugadzirisa bhodhi dzinochinjika?

Wedzera dhizaini yechikamu chekuenzanisa; kumanikidzwa kwelamination: 3-5MPa
20. Ndeipi saizi shoma yePCB inochinjika?

Zvakajairika: 0.3mm; maitiro epamusoro: 0.1mm
21. Chii chinonzi chiyero chekusimba kwemapundu emapuranga anochinjika?

Muyero weIPC: ≥1.5N/mm (18μm copper foil)
22. Mabhodhi anochinjika anogona kushandiswa here newave soldering?

Hazvikurudzirwi; kusanganisazve kutenderera kana kusarudza wave soldering kunokurudzirwa
23. Ungawana sei EMI shielding yemabhodhi anochinjika?

Chidziviriro chekudzivirira chemhangura/nickel; kushanda kwekudzivirira ＞60dB
24. Chii chinonzi dielectric loss tangent yemabhodhi anochinjika?

Polyimide: tanδ≈0.003; PET: tanδ≈0.01
25. Ndeipi simba guru rekutakura kushushikana kwePCB rinochinjika?

Simba rekudhonza: polyimide≥150MPa, PET≥100MPa
26. Ungadzivirira sei kutyoka kwebhodhi rinochinjika panzvimbo dzakakombama?

Dhizaini yekuchinja kweArc; kuchekwa kwefoil yemhangura ine muganho we0.05mm
27. Chii chinonzi flexible flexible rating yemabhodhi anochinjika?

Polyimide: UL94 V-0; PET: UL94 HB
28. Mabhodhi anochinjika anogona kuunganidzwa nemativi maviri here?

Ehe, tichitarisa dhizaini yekusimbisa uye kurongeka kwekunamira
29. Ndeupi hurefu hushoma hwehunhu hwePCB inochinjika?

Zvakajairika: 0.15mm; maitiro akapfava: 0.1mm
30. Nzira yekuyera sei impedance yemabhodhi anochinjika?

Chinoongorora network; kurongeka kwekutonga kwe impedance ± 5Ω
31. Ndeipi coefficient yepamusoro yekuwedzera kwekupisa kwemabhodhi anochinjika?

Polyimide: X/Y axis≈15ppm/℃, Z axis≈70ppm/℃
32. Chii chinonzi flexible flexible tolerance yekubatanidza mabhodhi?

Kurongeka kwekunyoresa pakati pezvikamu ≤50μm
33. Maitiro ekugadzirisa matambudziko ekunonoka kwechiratidzo mumabhodhi anochinjika?

Kureba kwetrace; shandisa dhizaini ye differential pair
34. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinopesvedzera hupenyu hwePCB hunochinjika?

Rudzi rwe substrate, ukobvu hwe copper foil, kukotama kwe radius, tembiricha yekunze
35. Kobvu hweplating yemhangura isina magetsi hwakaita sei pamabhodhi anochinjika?

Kuputira kwemhangura kuburikidza negomba ukobvu≥25μm
36. Mabhodhi anochinjika anogona here kukotamisa 3D stereoscopic?

Ehe, asi kuumbwa kwematanho nematanho kunodiwa; kona yega yega yekukombama≤90°
37. Ndeipi chiyero chekuongorora munyu wekuisa mabhodhi anochinjika?

ASTM B117; hapana ngura mushure memaawa makumi maviri nemana
38. Saizi yepasi pedhi yePCB inochinjika ndeyei?

0.3mm (kuburikidza ne0.1mm), 0.5mm (kuburikidza ne0.3mm)
39. Maitiro ekuvandudza mashandiro ekupisa kwemabhodhi anochinjika?

Wedzera foil yemhangura inofambisa kupisa; kufambisa kupisa kusvika ku150W/mK
40. Chii chinonzi standing voltage yemabhodhi anochinjika?

Kudzivirira kwakajairika kunodzivirira magetsi ≥500V; dhizaini yakakosha inosvika 1500V
41. Ndeipi muganhu wepakati pekukombama kwemabhodhi anochinjika?

Ruvara rwekukombama rushoma rwePolyimide: R=1mm (ukobvu hwe0.1mm)
42. Ungadzivirira sei mabundu panguva yekusonesa bhodhi rinochinjika?

Kupisa tembiricha 80-120℃; nguva yekunamira 3sekonzi
43. Chii chinodiwa pakuoma kwepamusoro pePCB inochinjika?

Ra≤1.5μm (pamusoro peENIG)
44. Ndeipi chiyero chebvunzo yekugona kusunganidzwa kwemabhodhi anochinjika?

JIS Z3198; nguva yekunyorovesa masekondi 3
45. Ndeipi dynamic bend test speed yemabhodhi anochinjika?

Zvakajairika: 5-10 madenderedzwa paminiti
46. Maitiro ekugadzira nzvimbo yekupeta yemapuranga anochinjika?

Dhizaini yegridi isina chinhu; chengetedza rutsigiro rwe20% rwe substrate
47. Ndeipi huwandu hwakanyanya hwekuunganidzirwa kwePCB inochinjika?

Inogona kusvika pakuiswa kwechikamu che0201; nzvimbo shoma 0.3mm
48. Ndedzipi nzira dzekurapa mabhodhi anochinjika dzisingapindi mvura?

Kurongedza kwevacuum + desiccant; kadhi rekuratidza hunyoro ＜10%
49. Chii chinonzi lamination time control yemapuranga anochinjika?

Nguva ye polyimide lamination: maminetsi makumi matatu kusvika makumi matanhatu
50. Chii chinonzi flex fatigue test cycle yema flexible boards?

1,000,000 macycles; kuongorora mashandiro ega ega 100,000 macycles
51. Ndeipi muganhu wekugadzira mutsetse wakafara wePCB inochinjika?

Muganho wedzidziso: 10μm (tekinoroji yekuona mifananidzo zvakananga nelaser inodiwa)
52. Ndezvipi zvinodiwa kuti inki yemasiki inochinjika inosonerwa nebhodhi inochinjika igadziriswe?

150℃ kwemaminitsi makumi matanhatu kana 180℃ kwemaminitsi makumi matatu
53. Ko dielectric constant yemabhodhi anochinjika inochinja here nekufamba kwenguva?

Polyimide: εr=3.5 pa1GHz, εr=3.2 pa10GHz
54. Nzira yekuedza sei kudzivirira kuputira kwemapuranga anochinjika?

500V megohmmeter; resistance≥10¹²Ω
55. Ndeipi pressure yakanyanya kudzvanywa pamabhodhi anochinjika?

Kumanikidzwa kwelamination kuri 4-6MPa (polyimide substrate)
56. Ndeipi nzira yekugadzirisa dhayamita shoma yegomba remaPCB anochinjika?

Kuboorera neLaser (zvishoma 0.1mm), plasma etching
57. Ndeipi nzira yekuyedza mapeel emhangura yemapuranga emhando yecopper foil yemabhodhi anochinjika?

IPC-TM-650 2.4.8 standard, 90° peel test
58. Chii chinonzi kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyorova kwemapuranga anochinjika?

Hapana kukundikana mushure memaawa 1000 munzvimbo ine 85℃/85% RH
59. Chii chinonzi kuramba kukweshana kwebhodhi rinochinjika pamusoro pekurapa?

Kudzivirira kukweshana kwepamusoro kweENIG ≥ ka500 (vhiri reCS-10, kumanikidzwa kwe1000g)
60. Nzira yekugadzira nzvimbo yekubatanidza mabhodhi anochinjika sei?

Shandisa dhizaini yekubatanidza yakasimba-inochinjika, kureba kwenzvimbo yekubatanidza ≥5mm
61. Ndeipi chiyero chekuedza maPCB anochinjika chekukotama?

IPC-6013, hapana kutsemuka mushure mekukombama ka1000
62. Ndeipi nguva inogadziriswa yemabhodhi anochinjika?

Zvinokurudzirwa ≤2 nguva, huwandu hwepamusoro haupfuure katatu
63. Ndezvipi zvinodiwa pakuedza kupisa kwemabhodhi anochinjika?

-55℃ kusvika +125℃ tenderera ka100, maminetsi makumi matatu anogara nguva imwe neimwe
64. Chii chinonzi kuoma kwechifukidzo chesolder chemabhodhi anochinjika?

Kuoma kwepenzura ≥3H
65. Ndeipi angle yekuyedza flexure yemabhodhi anochinjika?

0-180°, ichitarisa pakushanda kwekukombama kwe90°
66. Nzira yekugadzirisa sei crosstalk yechiratidzo chebhodhi rinochinjika?

Wedzera chidzitiro, dzora nzvimbo yekutevera ≥3 kakapetwa nehupamhi hwemutsetse
67. Ndeipi hupamhi hwepadhi inotenderera inochinjika yePCBs?

Zvakajairika 0.15mm, zvishoma 0.1mm
68. Ndezvipi zvinoitwa pakugadzira nickel negoridhe zvisina electroless pamapuranga anochinjika?

Mwero wekuiswa kwenickel 1-2μm/h, mwero wekuiswa kwegoridhe 0.02-0.05μm/h
69. Ndeipi nhamba yepamusoro yezvikamu zvemabhodhi anochinjika?

Zvikamu zvemazuva ose zvisere, zvinosvika makumi maviri
70. Chii chinonzi kuramba kusimba kwemabhodhi anochinjika?

Inogona kumira nekukurumidza kwe50g, mhedzisiro yenguva ye11ms
71. Ndedzipi nzira dzekutadza kuneta dzakakombama dzemabhodhi anochinjika?

Kutsemuka kwefoiri yemhangura (70%), kupatsanurwa kwe substrate (20%), kutsemuka kwenzvimbo yekubatanidza (10%)
72. Ungaona sei simba remapundu emapuranga anochinjika?

Shandisa muchina wekuyedza une simba rekudhonza tambo ne speed ye 100mm/min
73. Ndeipi hupamhi hwemutsara wemavara hushoma hwemaPCB anochinjika?

Yakajairika 0.05mm, maitiro akapfava anosvika 0.03mm
74. Chii chinodzora tembiricha yekumonera kwelamination pamabhodhi anochinjika?

Mwero wekupisa 2-3℃/min, tembiricha inobata ±5℃ kuchinja-chinja
75. Chii chinonzi bvunzo yekunamira pamusoro pemabhodhi anochinjika?

Kuedzwa kwetepi ye3M 600, hapana coating iri kubviswa
76. Ndezvipi zvinodiwa zvakatipoteredza pakuedzwa kwekuchinjika kwemabhodhi anochinjika?

Tembiricha 23±2℃, hunyoro 50±5%
77. Maitiro ekugadzira chimiro chekuderedza kushushikana kwemabhodhi anochinjika?

Shandisa magadzirirwo ekurerutsira kushushikana akadai sema "serpentine traces" uye ma "U-shaped slots"
78. Ndeipi nzira shoma inoshandiswa nehupamhi hwerin'i yeannular yePCBs dzinochinjika?

Zvakajairika 0.15mm, zvishoma 0.1mm
79. Chii chinonzi solvent resistance ye solder mask yemabhodhi anochinjika?

Yakapukutwa neacetone kagumi, hapana kuibvisa
80. Ndeipi kona yekuyedza yekukombama inochinjika yemabhodhi anochinjika?

Kukombama kwakajairika kwe±90°
81. Ungagadzirisa sei dambudziko rekushanduka kwekupisa kwemabhodhi anochinjika?

Sarudza substrates dzine coefficient yakaderera yekuwedzera kwekupisa uye wedzera nzira dzekupisa dzinoparadza
82. Ndeipi hunyoro hwepamusoro hwekushanda kwemabhodhi anochinjika?

Hunyoro hwekushanda kwenguva refu ≤90% RH
83. Ndeipi tembiricha ye dielectric constant yemabhodhi anochinjika?

Polyimide △εr/△T≈-0.001/℃
84. Ndeipi miganhu yehukuru hwemutsetse inotenderwa nemaPCB anochinjika?

±10% (maitiro akajairwa), ±5% (maitiro akanyatsojeka)
85. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinosarudzwa zvemabhodhi anochinjika?

FR-4, polyimide stiffeners, ukobvu 0.1-0.5mm
86. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvakakosha pakugadzira mabhodhi anochinjika (DFM)?

Dzivisa makona akapinza, dzora kufanana kwefoil yemhangura, gadzirisa nzvimbo dzakakombama
87. Chii chinoita kuti mapuranga anochinjika asaparare nengura?

Kuedzwa kwemunyu kwemaawa makumi mana nemasere, hapana ngura
88. Ndeipi nzira yekufanotaura hupenyu hwemabhodhi anochinjika?

Coffin-Manson equation: Nf=A (Δε)^(-m)
89. Ungaona sei kushata kwemadziro egomba remabhodhi anochinjika?

Inoonekwa nekushandisa scanning electron microscope (SEM), Ra≤10μm
90. Ndeipi nguva yakanyanya yekukombama yemaPCB anochinjika?

Inokurudzirwa dynamic bend frequency ≤2Hz
91. Ndeipi nzira yekuedza kunamira chifukidzo chesolder chemabhodhi anochinjika?

Nzira yekucheka zvakasiyana (ISO 2409), giredhi 0 ndiyo inokodzera
92. Chii chinonzi chiyero chekubatanidza mabhodhi anochinjika pakati pezvikamu?

Standard yeIPC inoda ≥1.2N/mm
93. Maitiro ekuverenga kunonoka kwekutumira chiratidzo kwemabhodhi anochinjika?

Kunonoka = kureba kwekutevera ×√εr×0.167 (ns/cm)
94. Maitiro ekugadzira jira remhangura rinopisa rinoshandisa kupisa remabhodhi anochinjika?

Ukobvu hwemhangura ≥70μm, nzvimbo yehwindo rakavhurika ≥30%
95. Chii chinonzi kuramba kutenderera kwemabhodhi anochinjika?

Inogona kutsungirira 10-2000Hz, 2g yekumhanyisa vibration
96. Saizi yepakati pebvunzo yePCB inochinjika ndeyei?

Zvakajairika 0.6mm, zvishoma 0.4mm
97. Chii chinonzi bvunzo yekudzivirira kukwenya pamusoro pemabhodhi anochinjika?

Kuedzwa kwekubvisa jira reTaber, vhiri reCS-10, huwandu hwekusakara
98. Ndeipi sarudzo yeukobvu hwefoiri yemhangura munzvimbo yekukombama yemabhodhi anochinjika?

Foiri yemhangura ye9μm kana 12μm inokurudzirwa panzvimbo yekukombama
99. Chii chinonzi kudzivirira kupisa kwemasiki yesolder pamabhodhi anochinjika?

-40℃ kusvika +150℃ tenderera ka50, hapana kutsemuka
100. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvakakosha zvekutarisa mitemo yekugadzira (DRC) yemaPCB anochinjika?

Upamhi/nzvimbo yemutsetse, kuburikidza nehukuru, nzvimbo yekukombama, dhizaini yekuomesa

PCB inochinjika

1. Ndeipi mutsetse mudiki wePCB inochinjika?

2. Mabhodhi anochinjika anogona kutsungirira kukotama kangani?

3. Ndeipi tembiricha yekushanda yePCB inochinjika?

4. Maitiro ekuverenga nharaunda yekukotama yemabhodhi anochinjika?

5. Chii chinonzi mwero wekunyudzwa kwemvura kwePCB inochinjika?

6. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinowanzo shandiswa pakugadzira mapuranga anochinjika?

7. Chii chinonzi dielectric constant yemabhodhi anochinjika?

8. Nzira yekudzivirira sei flexible board delamination?

9. Ndezvipi zvinodiwa zvebhodhi rinochinjika remhangura foil ukobvu?

10. Ndeipi PCB inochinjika inogona kutsungirira huwandu hwemazuva ano hwakanyanya?

11. Maitiro ekuyedza mashandiro ekukombama kwemabhodhi anochinjika?

12. Ndedzipi nzira dzekugadzirisa pamusoro pemabhodhi anochinjika?

13. Ndeipi tembiricha yakakodzera yeSMT yekusonesa mabhodhi anochinjika?

14. Nzira yekugadzira nzvimbo yekusimbisa yemapuranga anochinjika sei?

15. Kobvu hwemask yesolder yePCB inochinjika hwakaita sei?

16. Mabhodhi anochinjika anogona kugadziriswa nema vias asina kuvharwa here?

17. Ungasarudza sei pakati pepolyimide nepolyester?

18. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinochengeterwa mabhodhi anochinjika?

19. Maitiro ekugadzirisa nyaya dzekugadzirisa bhodhi dzinochinjika?

20. Ndeipi saizi shoma yePCB inochinjika?

21. Chii chinonzi chiyero chekusimba kwemapundu emapuranga anochinjika?

22. Mabhodhi anochinjika anogona kushandiswa here newave soldering?

23. Ungawana sei EMI shielding yemabhodhi anochinjika?

24. Chii chinonzi dielectric loss tangent yemabhodhi anochinjika?

25. Ndeipi simba guru rekutakura kushushikana kwePCB rinochinjika?

26. Ungadzivirira sei kutyoka kwebhodhi rinochinjika panzvimbo dzakakombama?

27. Chii chinonzi flexible flexible rating yemabhodhi anochinjika?

28. Mabhodhi anochinjika anogona kuunganidzwa nemativi maviri here?

29. Ndeupi hurefu hushoma hwehunhu hwePCB inochinjika?

30. Nzira yekuyera sei impedance yemabhodhi anochinjika?

31. Ndeipi coefficient yepamusoro yekuwedzera kwekupisa kwemabhodhi anochinjika?

32. Chii chinonzi flexible flexible tolerance yekubatanidza mabhodhi?

33. Maitiro ekugadzirisa matambudziko ekunonoka kwechiratidzo mumabhodhi anochinjika?

34. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinopesvedzera hupenyu hwePCB hunochinjika?

35. Kobvu hweplating yemhangura isina magetsi hwakaita sei pamabhodhi anochinjika?

36. Mabhodhi anochinjika anogona here kukotamisa 3D stereoscopic?

37. Ndeipi chiyero chekuongorora munyu wekuisa mabhodhi anochinjika?

38. Saizi yepasi pedhi yePCB inochinjika ndeyei?

39. Maitiro ekuvandudza mashandiro ekupisa kwemabhodhi anochinjika?

40. Chii chinonzi standing voltage yemabhodhi anochinjika?

41. Ndeipi muganhu wepakati pekukombama kwemabhodhi anochinjika?

42. Ungadzivirira sei mabundu panguva yekusonesa bhodhi rinochinjika?

43. Chii chinodiwa pakuoma kwepamusoro pePCB inochinjika?

44. Ndeipi chiyero chebvunzo yekugona kusunganidzwa kwemabhodhi anochinjika?

45. Ndeipi dynamic bend test speed yemabhodhi anochinjika?

46. ​​Maitiro ekugadzira nzvimbo yekupeta yemapuranga anochinjika?

47. Ndeipi huwandu hwakanyanya hwekuunganidzirwa kwePCB inochinjika?

48. Ndedzipi nzira dzekurapa mabhodhi anochinjika dzisingapindi mvura?

49. Chii chinonzi lamination time control yemapuranga anochinjika?

50. Chii chinonzi flex fatigue test cycle yema flexible boards?

51. Ndeipi muganhu wekugadzira mutsetse wakafara wePCB inochinjika?

52. Ndezvipi zvinodiwa kuti inki yemasiki inochinjika inosonerwa nebhodhi inochinjika igadziriswe?

53. Ko dielectric constant yemabhodhi anochinjika inochinja here nekufamba kwenguva?

54. Nzira yekuedza sei kudzivirira kuputira kwemapuranga anochinjika?

55. Ndeipi pressure yakanyanya kudzvanywa pamabhodhi anochinjika?

56. Ndeipi nzira yekugadzirisa dhayamita shoma yegomba remaPCB anochinjika?

57. Ndeipi nzira yekuyedza mapeel emhangura yemapuranga emhando yecopper foil yemabhodhi anochinjika?

58. Chii chinonzi kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyorova kwemapuranga anochinjika?

59. Chii chinonzi kuramba kukweshana kwebhodhi rinochinjika pamusoro pekurapa?

60. Nzira yekugadzira nzvimbo yekubatanidza mabhodhi anochinjika sei?

61. Ndeipi chiyero chekuedza maPCB anochinjika chekukotama?

62. Ndeipi nguva inogadziriswa yemabhodhi anochinjika?

63. Ndezvipi zvinodiwa pakuedza kupisa kwemabhodhi anochinjika?

64. Chii chinonzi kuoma kwechifukidzo chesolder chemabhodhi anochinjika?

65. Ndeipi angle yekuyedza flexure yemabhodhi anochinjika?

66. Nzira yekugadzirisa sei crosstalk yechiratidzo chebhodhi rinochinjika?

67. Ndeipi hupamhi hwepadhi inotenderera inochinjika yePCBs?

68. Ndezvipi zvinoitwa pakugadzira nickel negoridhe zvisina electroless pamapuranga anochinjika?

69. Ndeipi nhamba yepamusoro yezvikamu zvemabhodhi anochinjika?

70. Chii chinonzi kuramba kusimba kwemabhodhi anochinjika?

71. Ndedzipi nzira dzekutadza kuneta dzakakombama dzemabhodhi anochinjika?

72. Ungaona sei simba remapundu emapuranga anochinjika?

73. Ndeipi hupamhi hwemutsara wemavara hushoma hwemaPCB anochinjika?

74. Chii chinodzora tembiricha yekumonera kwelamination pamabhodhi anochinjika?

75. Chii chinonzi bvunzo yekunamira pamusoro pemabhodhi anochinjika?

76. Ndezvipi zvinodiwa zvakatipoteredza pakuedzwa kwekuchinjika kwemabhodhi anochinjika?

77. Maitiro ekugadzira chimiro chekuderedza kushushikana kwemabhodhi anochinjika?

78. Ndeipi nzira shoma inoshandiswa nehupamhi hwerin'i yeannular yePCBs dzinochinjika?

79. Chii chinonzi solvent resistance ye solder mask yemabhodhi anochinjika?

46. Maitiro ekugadzira nzvimbo yekupeta yemapuranga anochinjika?