Zvikamu zveModule

PCB yakabatanidzwa

1. Chii chinonzi PCB yakaiswa mukati?

PCB yakavharirwa ibhodhi redunhu rine zvikamu zvemagetsi (zvakadai semachipisi, zvinodzivirira, uye ma capacitor) zvakavharirwa zvakananga mukati maro, zvichideredza saizi uye zvichivandudza mashandiro.
2. Chii chiri musiyano pakati pePCB yakaiswa nePCB yakajairika?

MaPCB akabatanidzwa anogona kufukidza zvimwe zvikamu kuti aderedze kugara kwenzvimbo uye kupfupisa nzira dzemasaini; zvikamu zviri pamaPCB akajairwa zvinonyanya kuiswa pamusoro.
3. Ndezvipi zviitiko zvinofanirwa kushandiswa nemaPCB akaiswa mukati?

Yakakodzera mamiriro ezvinhu ane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pahukuru uye mashandiro, zvakaita semafoni, zvishandiso zvinopfekwa, radar dzemotokari, uye michina yemuchadenga.
4. Ndeipi nzira huru yekugadzira maPCB akaiswa mukati?

Kuongorora zvinodiwa → dhizaini yezvirongwa → kuronga marongerwo (kusanganisira zvikamu zvakaiswa mukati) → dhizaini yekufambisa (tarisa pakuvimbika kwechiratidzo) → kutarisa mutemo wekugadzira → kubuda kwefaira rebhodhi.
5. Ungasarudza sei zvinhu zvePCB dzakaiswa mukati?

Funga nezve dielectric constant, loss factor, uye thermal expansion coefficient. Pakushandisa high-frequency, sarudza zvinhu zvine low-dielectric-constant uye low-loss; kuti thermal stability yakakwira, sarudza zvinhu zvine low thermal expansion coefficients.
6. Ndedzipi nheyo dzemarongerwo ezvikamu zvakaiswa muPCB?

Kuronga zvikamu nemamodule anoshanda kuti nzira dzezviratidzo dzipfupike; kuparadzira zvikamu zvinogadzira kupisa kuti kupisa kupararire; isa zvikamu zvinonzwa kure nenzvimbo dzine ruzha; funga nezvekuita kwemaitiro acho.
7. Zvikamu zvepasipo zvakaiswa mukati (resistor, capacitors, inductors) zvinowanikwa sei mumaPCB?

Ma resistors anogadzirwa nekuwedzera zvinhu zvinodzivirira kune dielectric layer; ma capacitor anoshandisa zvinhu zvine dielectric yakawanda zvakaputirwa pa copper foil kana substrates; ma inductors anowanikwa kuburikidza ne spiral coils pakati pezvikamu.
8. Chii chinofanira kucherechedzwa pakuisa zvinhu zvinoshanda (machipisi, nezvimwewo) mumaPCB?

Iva nechokwadi chekuti magetsi akabatana zvakanaka, funga nezvekudzima kupisa, kuyedzwa, uye kugadzikana, uye tevera nhungamiro dzekugadzira dzevagadziri vemachipisi.
9. Maitiro ekugadzira network yekugovera simba (PDN) mumaPCB akaiswa mukati?

Ronga simba remagetsi nepasi zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwesimba remagetsi, iva nechokwadi chekuti simba remagetsi rakasimba, deredza kuramba kwemukati uye kudonha kwemagetsi, uye ipa simba remagetsi rakasimba.
10. Ungafunga sei nezvekuvimbika kwechiratidzo mukugadzirwa kwePCB yakavharirwa?

Dzora hurefu hwetrace, isa upamhi hwetrace uye nzvimbo ine miganhu zvine musoro kuti uderedze crosstalk, enzanisa impedance yemasaini ekumhanya kwepamusoro, uye uderedze simba remaparasite parameters.
11. Ndeipi chiyero chekutumira masaini ePCB akaiswa mukati?

Zvichienderana nezvinhu uye dhizaini yekufambisa, inogona kusvika Gbps dzakawanda kana kupfuura nekugadzirwa kwakakodzera, senge anopfuura 10 Gbps mumidziyo yekukurukurirana yepamusoro.
12. Maitiro ekuverenga hunhu hwe impedance yema trace muPCB dzakaiswa?

Shandisa mafomura akaita sefomura yemutsetse we microstrip (Z0 = (87/√(εr+1.41))×ln(5.98H/(0.8W+T))) kana mafomura e stripline, kana kushandisa software yekugadzira kuverenga.
13. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokanganisa kuderedzwa kwechiratidzo mumaPCB akabatanidzwa?

Inokanganiswa nekurasikirwa kwezvinhu (kurasikirwa ne dielectric/conductor), kureba kwetrace, frequency yesignal, nhamba yema vias, uye kusawirirana kwe impedance.
14. Nzira yekuderedza sei kupindira kwemagetsi (EMI) mumaPCB akabatanidzwa?

Gadzira marongero e analog ne digital circuit, chengetedza masaini anonzwa, chengetedza kusimba kwesimba nendege dzepasi, shandisa ma filter circuit, uye gadzirisa ma trace kuti uderedze nzvimbo ye loop.
15. Ungawana sei nzvimbo yakanaka yekuisa maPCB akabatanidzwa?

Gadzira mapurani makuru ekudzika pasi, wedzera nzira dzekudzika pasi, pfupisa nzira dzekudzika pasi, uye sarudza nzvimbo imwe chete/nzvimbo dzakawanda/nzvimbo dzakasanganiswa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwenguva.
16. Maitiro ekuita ongororo yekuvimbika kwesimba rePCB dzakaiswa?

Ongorora maparamita akadai sesimba remagetsi, kudonha kwemagetsi, uye kugoverwa kwemagetsi kuburikidza nesoftware yekufananidzira kuti uongorore mhedzisiro uye kugadzirisa.
17. Ndezvipi zvakanakira kutumirwa kwechiratidzo chedifferential mumaPCB akaiswa mukati?

Kugona kwakasimba kwekudzivirira kukanganiswa, kudzvinyirira kupindirana kwemaitiro akafanana, kunatsiridza mwero wekutumira uye kuvimbika, uye kufambisa nzira yekufambisa ine huwandu hwakawanda hwemagetsi.
18. Maitiro ekugadzira ma differential pair traces muma PCB akabatanidzwa?

Chengetedza kureba kwakaenzana (musiyano ≤ 10% wedaro rekutumirwa rinoenderana nemucheto wekukwira kwechiratidzo), upamhi hwetrace hwakafanana uye nzvimbo, kudzora impedance (semuenzaniso, 100Ω), uye dzivisa kutaura kwecrosstalk.
19. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvakakosha pakugadzira masaini ekumhanya kwakanyanya mumaPCB akabatanidzwa?

Deredza saizi kuburikidza nehukuru, wedzera anti-pad, wedzera grounding vias dzakatenderedza, uye dzora aspect ratio (≤6).
20. Maitiro ekuongorora mashandiro emagetsi ePCB dzakaiswa mukati?

Ita ongororo yekuvimbika kwechiratidzo, kuvimbika kwesimba, uye kuongorora kweEMI simulation, uye edza prototypes (semuenzaniso, uchishandisa network analyzers uye oscilloscopes).
21. Ukobvu hwePCB dzakaiswa mukati hunoonekwa sei?

Zvinoenderana nekukwirira kwezvikamu, huwandu hwemachira, simba remakanika, uye mamiriro ekushandiswa, akadai se0.5-1.5mm yemaPCB efoni uye 1.6-3.2mm yemidziyo yeindasitiri.
22. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo pakugadzirwa kwechimiro chemuchina chePCB dzakaiswa mukati?

Funga nezvekubatanidza nezvimwe zvikamu, simba remuchina, nzvimbo yekuparadza kupisa, uye simba rekuisa zvikamu pakushanda kwemuchina.
23. Maitiro ekugadzira dhizaini yekupisa yePCB dzakaiswa mukati?

Ronga zvinhu zvinogadzira kupisa zvine mwero, wedzera nzira dzinobvisa kupisa (semuenzaniso, maburi ekupisa, foil yemhangura), sarudza zvinhu zvinofambisa kupisa zvakanyanya, wedzera zvishandiso zvinobvisa kupisa kana zvichidikanwa, uye gadzirisa uchishandisa thermal simulation.
24. Ndedzipi nzira dzekuisa maPCB akaiswa mukati?

Nzira dzakajairika dzinosanganisira kugadzirisa screws, clip fixing, uye welding fixing, zvakakodzera kugadzirisa zvakanyanya, kuisa zviri nyore, uye high-sistability, zvichiteerana.
25. Ungadzivirira sei kukundikana kunokonzerwa nekudengenyeka mumaPCB akabatanidzwa?

Vandudza simba remuchina nekuwedzera ukobvu hwebhodhi kana kuwedzera zvinosimbisa, govera huremu zvakaenzana, shandisa zvinhu zvinobata kuvhunduka pakubatanidza, uye simbisa zvikamu zvakakosha.
26. Ndezvipi zvinodiwa pakugadzira chimiro chePCB dzakaiswa mukati?

Batanidza chivharo chemudziyo, dzivisa mipendero yakapinza, funga nezvemaitiro ekugadzira (semuenzaniso, kucheka, kutsika), uye gadzira zvivakwa zvinotungamira zve plug-in.
27. Maitiro ekugadzira dhizaini yekudzivirira katatu (inodzivirira mvura, inodzivirira guruva, inodzivirira ngura) yemaPCB akaiswa mukati?

Isa pendi inovhara katatu, shandisa zvinobatanidza zvisingapindi mvura, gadzirisa chisimbiso, uye usaise zvinhu zvakakosha munzvimbo dzinokurumidza kunyura mvura/guruva panguva yekuronga.
28. Kupisa kunokanganisa sei mashandiro emaPCB akabatanidzwa?

Kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kukura kwebhodhi uye kudonha kwezvikamu zvezvikamu; kupisa kwakaderera kunogona kuita kuti zvinhu zvisashande zvakanaka. MaPCB emhando yeindasitiri anoshanda pa -40℃ ~ 85℃, uye zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvemhando yemauto.
29. Nzira yekuongorora kuvimbika kwePCB dzakaiswa muchina?

Ongorora kupararira kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ezvinhu uye kupararira kwezvinetso kuburikidza nekuenzanisa kushushikana kwemakemikari, uye ita mhedzisiro, bvunzo dzekudengenyeka, uye bvunzo dzenguva refu dzekukwegura.
30. Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu kunokanganisa sei mashandiro emakanika emaPCB akabatanidzwa?

Zvinhu zvakasiyana zvine simba remakanika uye macoefficients ekuwedzera kwekupisa. Semuenzaniso, FR-4 ine mashandiro akanaka akazara asi coefficient yekuwedzera kwekupisa yakakwira, nepo zvinhu zvepolyimide zvichipa kugadzikana kwekupisa kuri nani uye simba remakanika.
31. Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemaPCB akaiswa mukati nemaPCB akajairwa?

MaPCB akasungirirwa anoda mamwe maitiro ekuwedzera ekubatanidza zvikamu, akadai sekugadzira chimiro chepakati pezvikamu uye lamination yakanyatsojeka, nezvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvekuchera nekunyatsorongeka kweplating.
32. Ndeapi maitiro makuru ekugadzira maPCB akaiswa mukati?

Kusanganisira lamination, micro-via processing (aperture ≤50μm), component embedding, uye surface treatment (semuenzaniso, gold plating, tin spraying).
33. Ungava sei nechokwadi chekuti divi rakarurama panguva yekugadzira PCB yakavharirwa?

Taura zvinotenderwa nemazvo mukugadzira, shandisa michina yakanyatsogadzirwa (yakadai semichina yekuboorera yeCNC), uye ongorora zvakadzama mativi uye gadzirisa maitiro mukuita kwega kwega.
34. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvakakosha pakudzora mhando mukugadzirwa kwePCB?

Ongorora zvinhu zvakagadzirwa (mabhodhi, zvikamu), tarisa maparamita elamination/drilling/plating, shandisa X-ray uye flying probe tests kuti uone kubatana kwemukati uye mashandiro emagetsi, uye ongorora zvizere zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa.
35. Ndezvipi zvikanganiso zvekugadzira zvinogona kuitika mumaPCB akaiswa mukati?

Mabhubhu eLamination/Delanition, kuchera misalignment/kusaenzana kwevhu, kubatana kusina kunaka kwezvikamu/short circuit, kusagadziriswa zvakanaka kwenzvimbo, kutsauka kwemativi, nezvimwewo.
36. Maitiro ekugadzirisa dambudziko remabubbles elamination mukugadzirwa kwePCB yakavharirwa?

Gadzirisa tembiricha yelamination, kumanikidzwa, uye nguva, gadzirisa mabhodhi kuti ubvise hunyoro netsvina, uye shandisa vacuum lamination kuburitsa mweya.
37. Maitiro ekuona kuti ma micro-vias ari nani mukugadzirwa kwePCB?

Shandisa michina yekuboorera yakanyatsogadzirwa kuti udzore maparamita, gadzira madziro emaburi kuti uvandudze kunamira kwemhangura, uye uone mhando kuburikidza nekucheka simbi.
38. Nzira yekuona sei kuvimbika kwezvikamu zvakaiswa mukati mekugadzirwa?

Ongorora uye edza zvikamu usati waisa, gadzirisa maitiro ekuisa kuti uve nechokwadi chekubatana kwakasimba, uye ita bvunzo dzakakwana dzemagetsi uye kuyedza kuvimbika mushure mekugadzira.
39. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokanganisa mutengo wekugadzira maPCB akabatanidzwa?

Zvinokanganiswa nemutengo wezvinhu (zvinhu zvinoshanda zvakanyanya zvinodhura), kuoma kwemaitiro (semuenzaniso, micro-vias, component embedding), huwandu hwekugadzira, uye mutengo wekuongorora.
40. Ungasarudza sei mugadziri wePCB akakodzera?

Ongorora simba rehunyanzvi (midziyo, maitiro), masisitimu ekudzora mhando, magadziro ekugadzira, ongororo dzevatengi, mitengo, uye nguva yekutumira.
41. Ndedzipi nzira dzekuyedza maPCB akaiswa mukati?

Kusanganisira kuongorora nemaziso, kuyedzwa kwemagetsi (multimeter, oscilloscope, network analyzer), kuyedzwa kwebasa, kuongororwa kweX-ray, kuyedzwa kwekuongorora mafambiro emhepo, nezvimwewo.
42. Maitiro ekuita bvunzo dzemukati medunhu (ICT) dzePCB dzakaiswa mukati?

Shandisa mubhedha wembambo dzemuchina weICT kuti ubate nzvimbo dzekuyedza uye uone maparamita emagetsi echikamu, mapfupi, macircuit akavhurika, kutsauka kwemaparamita, nezvimwewo. Nzvimbo dzekuyedza dzinofanira kuchengetwa mudhizaini.
43. Chii chinofanira kucherechedzwa mukuyedzwa kwebasa kwemaPCB akaiswa mukati?

Tevedzera mamiriro chaiwo ebasa, edza mabasa akazara, tevera kurongeka kwemiedzo yekutanga kusvika kune yakaoma, uye nyora nekuongorora zvisina kujairika.
44. Mashandisiro ekuongorora boundary scan (JTAG) pamaPCB akaiswa mukati?

Shandisa JTAG interface kuti ushandise ma "internal boundary scan cells" e "chip", kuona mamiriro e "pin" uye kubatana kwe "inter-chip", uye kuona zvikanganiso zve "open" ne "short circuit".
45. Maitiro ekuongorora kukanganisa kwePCB dzakaiswa?

Kutanga tarisa chitarisiko (zvikamu zvakatsva, majoini akatsemuka), wobva waita bvunzo dzemagetsi kuti uderedze huwandu hwemafault, ongorora zvinongedzo zvingangoitika zvichibva pane zvakarongwa, uye shandisa nzira yekutsiva kuti uone pokukanganisa.
46. Chii chiri kuoma kugadzirisa zvikamu zvakaiswa muPCB?

Yakakwirira zvakanyanya, sezvo zvikamu zviri muzvikamu zvemukati. Zvinoda kubvisa zvikamu zvepamusoro nokungwarira kuti pave nepakakanganisika, kudzoreredza lamination kuti pavezve nekuvimbika mushure mekugadzirisa, uye kudzivirira kukanganiswa kwemamwe macircuit.
47. Ungadzivisa sei kukuvadza zvimwe zvikamu panguva yekugadzirisa?

Shandisa maturusi anonyatsoshanda nemazvo akadai semidziyo yekuwelda ine maspots madiki uye matweezers akanyatsogadzirwa. Ronga hurongwa hwekugadzirisa pachine nguva uye shandisa kudziyisa kwakavakirwa panzvimbo imwe chete kudzora tembiricha.
48. Ungaongorora sei hunhu hwechinhu mushure mekugadzirisa?

Ita bvunzo dzemagetsi (kuvimbika kwechiratidzo, kuvimbika kwesimba), bvunzo dzekushanda, uye bvunzo dzekuvimbika (kukwegura, kudedera).
49. Nzira yekuisa sei nzira dzekuongorora nekugadzirisa?

Gadzirai zvirongwa zvekuyedza, nzira dzekuongorora zvikanganiso, zvinodiwa pakugadzirisa, uye maitiro ekusimbisa hunhu.
50. Ndezvipi zvishandiso zvekuedza nekugadzirisa zvePCB dzakaiswa mukati?

Midziyo yekuedza: multimeter, oscilloscope, network analyzer, nezvimwewo. Midziyo yekugadzirisa: michina yekuwedera ine micro-spot, pfuti yemhepo inopisa, nezvimwewo.
51. Ungasarudza sei zvinodzivirira zvakaiswa paPCB?

Funga nezvekururama kwekupikisa, chiyero chesimba, uye chiyero chekupisa. Sarudza zvinopikisa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nedunhu.
52. Ndeapi mabasa ema capacitor akaiswa muPCB?

Inoshandiswa pakusefa, kupatsanura, kuchengetedza simba, kubatanidza masaini, nezvimwewo.
53. Nzira yekuziva sei ma parameter e embedded inductors?

Sarudza zvichibva pahuwandu hwekushanda, inductance, uye kugona kwemagetsi. Pakusefa simba, funga nezve ripple uye load current.
54. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo pakusarudza machipisi akaiswa mukati?

Funga nezvekushanda, kushandiswa kwesimba, rudzi rwepakeji, kuvimbika, uye rutsigiro rwemugadziri.
55. Nzira yekuona kuti zvikamu nePCB zvinopindirana sei?

Gadzirisa maparamita emagetsi uye saizi chaiyo panguva yekugadzira. Sarudza zvinhu zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvebhodhi uye maitiro, uye ita ongororo yekufananidzira.
56. Ndezvipi zvinodiwa pakusonesa zvinhu zvakaiswa mukati?

Kune zvikamu zvisingashande, dzora tembiricha nenguva yekudzivirira kuputirwa kwesimbi nechando. Kune zvikamu zvinoshanda, shandisa michina yakanyatsogadzirwa (semuenzaniso, kuputirwa kwesimbi nemagetsi) kuti uve nechokwadi chekubatana kwakavimbika uye kudzivirira kukuvara kwekupisa.
57. Nzira yekuongorora hupenyu hwezvinhu zvakaiswa mukati?

Fungidzira hupenyu hwese kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwekukwegura nekukurumidza, ruzivo rwemugadziri, uye kutarisa kwenguva refu ruzivo rwekukundikana chaiko.
58. Ndedzipi nzira dzekukundikana dzingaitika muzvikamu zvakapinzwa?

Kuramba: kudonha kwemutengo/dunhu rakavhurika. Capacitor: kubuda kwemvura/dunhu pfupi. Inductor: kuchinja kwemuchina/kupfupika kwemuchina. Chip: kutadza kushanda/zvikanganiso zvepini.
59. Ungagadzirisa sei zvinhu zviri mudura rezvinhu zvakaiswa mukati?

Chengeta nechikamu chine hunyoro uye dziviriro yeESD. Chengetedza sisitimu yezvinyorwa kuti unyore ruzivo, uite sampuli nguva dzose, uye udzore huwandu hwezvinhu zvine mwero.
60. Maitiro ekugadzirisa matambudziko ekutaurirana kwechiratidzo muPCBs?

Wedzera nzvimbo yekusiya matrace (≥3×upamhi), shandisa ground isolation, gadzirisa routing topology, uye match impedance.
61. Chii chinokanganisa ma "vias" pakutumira masaini?

Isa maparasite parameters, zvichida zvichikonzera kurasikirwa uye kunonoka pamafrequencies akakwira. Mavias ezviratidzo zviri pamusoro pe10GHz anofanira kunge aine dhayamita
62. Maitiro ekugadzirisa ESD (electrostatic discharge) muPCBs?

Wedzera zvishandiso zvekudzivirira zveESD (semuenzaniso, maTVS diode), gadzira nzira dzekuburitsa madhiraivha eESD, uye chengeta makiyi ezviratidzo ≥2mm kubva kumipendero yebhodhi.
63. Ungaona sei kusashanda zvakanaka kweBGA?

Shandisa X-ray kuti uongorore majoini emukati mejoini. Kureba kwemajoini kunofanira kuva 0.4-0.6mm, uye chiyero chekusavapo ≤15%.
64. Ungasarudza sei maitiro ekugadzirisa PCB pamusoro?

ENIG yekusonesa ine frequency yakakwira uye chaiyo. OSP yemutengo wakaderera (kushanda kwemwedzi 6-8). Tin yekunyudza yekubatanidza mafungu.
65. Nzira yekuderedza sei mwaranzi yemagetsi kubva kumaPCB?

Ronga zvakanaka mavharo ekudzivirira ane grounding impedance
66. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvakakosha pakugadzira thermal via design?

Kuburikidza nedhayamita 0.3-0.5mm, nzvimbo iri ≤1mm, ≥100 vias/cm² kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kupisa kunoshanda zvakanaka.
67. Ndezvipi zvinodiwa pakufananidza hurefu hwema "traces" ekumhanya kwakanyanya?

Mitsetse yedata yeDDR4: kushivirira kureba ±5mil. PCIe differential pairs: ±2mil.
68. Magadzirisiro ekugadzirisa nyaya dzesimba muPCBs angaitwa sei?

Wedzera ma capacitor ekuparadzanisa (0.1μF kana paine ma frequency akawanda, 10μF kana paine ma frequency akaderera). Chengetedza nzvimbo yesimba/pasi pevhu
69. Ndeipi chiyero chinogamuchirwa chePCB warpage?

Mwero weIPC: ≤0.7% yemaitiro asina mutobvu, ≤0.5% munzvimbo dzeBGA.
70. Ungawana sei dhizaini ine simba shoma mumaPCB?

Shandisa dynamic voltage scaling, dzima idle modules, uye sarudza machipisi e-low-IQ (semuenzaniso, TI MSP430 series).
71. Ndezvipi zvakanakira ma-vias asina kuvonekwa/akavigwa mumaPCB?

Deredza kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo uye maparasite parameters, wedzera huwandu hwenzira dzinoshandiswa. Mutengo wakakwira ne20%-30% kupfuura ma through-hole vias.
72. Maitiro ekuita madhizaini eDFM (dhizaini yekugadzira)?

Shandisa maturusi eCAM350 kana Altium DFM kuti utarise upamhi/nzvimbo shoma yetrace (≥6mil), chiyero cheaspect (≤8:1), nezvimwewo.
73. Ndedzipi nzira dzekurapa PCB dzinoshandiswa katatu?

Nzira dzakajairika: pendi inovhara zvinhu zvitatu (ukobvu hwe0.1-0.3mm), nano-coating (
74. Maitiro ekugadzirisa huwandu hwematanho ekufambisa muPCBs?

Shandisa dhizaini yefeni kuti uderedze kumanikidzwa kwenzira yeBGA. Mabhodhi ane zvidimbu zvina anokodzera 80% yezvinodiwa nguva dzose; ≥zvikamu zvitanhatu zvemagadzirirwo anomhanya zvakanyanya.
75. Maitiro ekugadzirisa dambudziko rekunyungudutsa kwechando mushure mekunyungudutsa PCB?

Tarisa kuchena kwemapedhi, ukobvu hwepaste yekusonesa (0.12-0.15mm), uye tembiricha yekudzoreredza mvura (peak 235-245℃).
76. Nzira yekuedza sei kudzivirira kuputira kwePCBs?

Shandisa megohmmeter ye500V. Kudzivirira kwekudzivirira kunofanira kuva ≥100MΩ pahunyoro hwe ≤60%.
77. Nzira yekudzivisa sei kuratidzwa kwechiratidzo muPCBs?

Shandisa zvinodzivirira magumo (semuenzaniso, basa reDDR ODT) uye zvinoderedza impedance. Iva nechokwadi chekuti impedance yakasiyana-siyana
78. Ko ukobvu hwefoiri yemhangura hunokanganisa sei kugona kwekutakura magetsi?

1oz mhangura (35μm): ~1A/mm upamhi hwetrace. 2oz: ~1.5A/mm (kukwira kwetembiricha
79. Ungasarudza sei ruvara rwechifukidzo chesolder?

Ruvara rutema runobatsira kudzima kupisa asi zvakaoma kuongorora. Ruvara rwegirini ndirwo rwakanyanya kuwanda. Ruvara ruchena rune reflectivity yakanyanya (≈80%).
80. Ungaziva sei saizi yebhora reBGA solder?

Dhayamita yakajairika: 0.4-0.8mm. Pitch: 0.5-1.0mm. Pitch ye0.5mm inoda zvikamu zve0201.
81. Maitiro ekuverenga kushushikana kwekupisa mumaPCB?

Shandisa software yekufananidza yakaita seANSYS, zvichibva pamusiyano weCTE (semuenzaniso, FR-4 15ppm/℃, copper 17ppm/℃).
82. Maitiro ekugadzirisa matambudziko eruzha rwemagetsi mumaPCB?

Shandisa kusefa kwematanho akawanda (masekete emhando yeπ). Simba remagetsi rine upamhi hwe ≥20mil kuderedza kupindira kwenzira.
83. Ndezvipi zvinodiwa pakugadzira nzvimbo dzekuyedza?

Dhayamita ≥0.6mm, nzvimbo iri pakati ≥1.27mm. Kupedzisa pamusoro ENIG, hapana chifukidzo chemasiki chinosungirirwa.
84. Ndezvipi zvinodiwa kuti pave nenzvimbo ye "signal loop" mu "routing"?

Nzvimbo yechiratidzo che "single-end"
85. Maitiro ekugadzirisa matambudziko ekuvimbika kwechiratidzo mumaPCB?

Shandisa SI9000 kuverenga impedance, control tolerance ±10%. Shandisa termination matching uye topology optimization.
86. Ndezvipi zvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa nemakanika zvePCB?

Chidimbu chebhodhi: ± 0.1mm. Dhayamita yegomba: ± 0.05mm. Kudzika kweV-Cheka: 1/3-2/3 yeukobvu hwebhodhi.
87. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo pakutumira masaini ewachi?

Shandisa zvisaririra zvakafanana nehurefu hwenyoka zvine chidziviriro chepasi. Chengeta kure nemitsetse yedata inomhanya zvakanyanya uye usayambuka layer.
88. Nzira yekuongorora kuvimbika kwePCB?

Ita bvunzo dzekukwegura nekukurumidza (85℃/85%RH, 1000h) uye bvunzo dzekudedera (5-500Hz, 2G acceleration).
89. Ndezvipi zvinodiwa pakugadzira mapedhi?

Saizi yepedhi yakakura kupfuura 0.1-0.2mm kupfuura tambo dzezvikamu. Upamhi hwepedhi yeSMD 1.2-1.5× upamhi hwetambo.
90. Maitiro ekugadzirisa matambudziko ekupisa mumaPCB?

Wedzera nzvimbo yemhangura inopisa, shandisa chinonamira chinodziya (≥1W/mK), uye vhura ma "thermal vias" pasi pezvikamu zvemagetsi.
91. Chii chinonzi chiyero cheESD test standard yePCB dzakaiswa mukati?

Zvinoenderana neIEC 61000-4-2: kuburitsa mvura inobuda panze ±8kV, kuburitsa mhepo ±15kV, nekushanda kwakajairika.
92. Ndezvipi zvinodiwa pakukora kwemamasiki ekusolder?

Ukobvu hwakajairika 15-25μm. Inofanira kufukidza mhangura zvizere kudzivirira mapfupi kubva kumhangura yakafumurwa.
93. Maitiro ekugadzirisa mashandiro enzira dzekufambisa maPCB?

Sanganisa nzira yekufambisa data inopindirana uye otomatiki. Gadza zvinhu zvinokosha pakufambisa data, uchishandisa zviratidzo zvakakosha zvinotanga zvashandiswa.
94. Maitiro ekugadzirisa tembiricha yeBGA pakugadzirisazve?

Kupisa: 120-150℃ (60-90s). Kudzokazve kwemvura: 217-230℃ (40-60s). Mwero wekutonhodza: 3-6℃/s.
95. Ndedzipi nzira dzekugadzira pasi dzePCB?

Kuisa pasi kwenzvimbo imwe chete kana kuti nzvimbo dzakawanda. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzemasekete ane mafrequency akakwira (>10MHz), ane resistance yekuisa pasi
96. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvakakosha pakusarudza zvinobatanidza mumaPCB akabatanidzwa?

Funga nezve kugona kwemagetsi, kuramba kubatwa (
97. Maitiro ekuita ongororo yekukundikana paPCBs?

Tarisa majoini anosvetukira kuburikidza nechikamu cheMetallographic (metallographic sectioning), ongorora zvikanganiso zvepadenga uchishandisa AOI, ongorora chimiro chechinhu uchishandisa XRF.
98. Ndezvipi zvinodiwa zvakakosha zve differential pair routing?

Kureba kwe5mil, impedance 100±10Ω, musiyano wehurefu

PCB yakabatanidzwa

1. Chii chinonzi PCB yakaiswa mukati?

2. Chii chiri musiyano pakati pePCB yakaiswa nePCB yakajairika?

3. Ndezvipi zviitiko zvinofanirwa kushandiswa nemaPCB akaiswa mukati?

4. Ndeipi nzira huru yekugadzira maPCB akaiswa mukati?

5. Ungasarudza sei zvinhu zvePCB dzakaiswa mukati?

6. Ndedzipi nheyo dzemarongerwo ezvikamu zvakaiswa muPCB?

7. Zvikamu zvepasipo zvakaiswa mukati (resistor, capacitors, inductors) zvinowanikwa sei mumaPCB?

8. Chii chinofanira kucherechedzwa pakuisa zvinhu zvinoshanda (machipisi, nezvimwewo) mumaPCB?

9. Maitiro ekugadzira network yekugovera simba (PDN) mumaPCB akaiswa mukati?

10. Ungafunga sei nezvekuvimbika kwechiratidzo mukugadzirwa kwePCB yakavharirwa?

11. Ndeipi chiyero chekutumira masaini ePCB akaiswa mukati?

12. Maitiro ekuverenga hunhu hwe impedance yema trace muPCB dzakaiswa?

13. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokanganisa kuderedzwa kwechiratidzo mumaPCB akabatanidzwa?

14. Nzira yekuderedza sei kupindira kwemagetsi (EMI) mumaPCB akabatanidzwa?

15. Ungawana sei nzvimbo yakanaka yekuisa maPCB akabatanidzwa?

16. Maitiro ekuita ongororo yekuvimbika kwesimba rePCB dzakaiswa?

17. Ndezvipi zvakanakira kutumirwa kwechiratidzo chedifferential mumaPCB akaiswa mukati?

18. Maitiro ekugadzira ma differential pair traces muma PCB akabatanidzwa?

19. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvakakosha pakugadzira masaini ekumhanya kwakanyanya mumaPCB akabatanidzwa?

20. Maitiro ekuongorora mashandiro emagetsi ePCB dzakaiswa mukati?

21. Ukobvu hwePCB dzakaiswa mukati hunoonekwa sei?

22. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo pakugadzirwa kwechimiro chemuchina chePCB dzakaiswa mukati?

23. Maitiro ekugadzira dhizaini yekupisa yePCB dzakaiswa mukati?

24. Ndedzipi nzira dzekuisa maPCB akaiswa mukati?

25. Ungadzivirira sei kukundikana kunokonzerwa nekudengenyeka mumaPCB akabatanidzwa?

26. Ndezvipi zvinodiwa pakugadzira chimiro chePCB dzakaiswa mukati?

27. Maitiro ekugadzira dhizaini yekudzivirira katatu (inodzivirira mvura, inodzivirira guruva, inodzivirira ngura) yemaPCB akaiswa mukati?

28. Kupisa kunokanganisa sei mashandiro emaPCB akabatanidzwa?

29. Nzira yekuongorora kuvimbika kwePCB dzakaiswa muchina?

30. Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu kunokanganisa sei mashandiro emakanika emaPCB akabatanidzwa?

31. Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemaPCB akaiswa mukati nemaPCB akajairwa?

32. Ndeapi maitiro makuru ekugadzira maPCB akaiswa mukati?

33. Ungava sei nechokwadi chekuti divi rakarurama panguva yekugadzira PCB yakavharirwa?

34. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvakakosha pakudzora mhando mukugadzirwa kwePCB?

35. Ndezvipi zvikanganiso zvekugadzira zvinogona kuitika mumaPCB akaiswa mukati?

36. Maitiro ekugadzirisa dambudziko remabubbles elamination mukugadzirwa kwePCB yakavharirwa?

37. Maitiro ekuona kuti ma micro-vias ari nani mukugadzirwa kwePCB?

38. Nzira yekuona sei kuvimbika kwezvikamu zvakaiswa mukati mekugadzirwa?

39. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokanganisa mutengo wekugadzira maPCB akabatanidzwa?

40. Ungasarudza sei mugadziri wePCB akakodzera?

41. Ndedzipi nzira dzekuyedza maPCB akaiswa mukati?

42. Maitiro ekuita bvunzo dzemukati medunhu (ICT) dzePCB dzakaiswa mukati?

43. Chii chinofanira kucherechedzwa mukuyedzwa kwebasa kwemaPCB akaiswa mukati?

44. Mashandisiro ekuongorora boundary scan (JTAG) pamaPCB akaiswa mukati?

45. Maitiro ekuongorora kukanganisa kwePCB dzakaiswa?

46. ​​Chii chiri kuoma kugadzirisa zvikamu zvakaiswa muPCB?

47. Ungadzivisa sei kukuvadza zvimwe zvikamu panguva yekugadzirisa?

48. Ungaongorora sei hunhu hwechinhu mushure mekugadzirisa?

49. Nzira yekuisa sei nzira dzekuongorora nekugadzirisa?

50. Ndezvipi zvishandiso zvekuedza nekugadzirisa zvePCB dzakaiswa mukati?

51. Ungasarudza sei zvinodzivirira zvakaiswa paPCB?

52. Ndeapi mabasa ema capacitor akaiswa muPCB?

53. Nzira yekuziva sei ma parameter e embedded inductors?

54. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo pakusarudza machipisi akaiswa mukati?

55. Nzira yekuona kuti zvikamu nePCB zvinopindirana sei?

56. Ndezvipi zvinodiwa pakusonesa zvinhu zvakaiswa mukati?

57. Nzira yekuongorora hupenyu hwezvinhu zvakaiswa mukati?

58. Ndedzipi nzira dzekukundikana dzingaitika muzvikamu zvakapinzwa?

59. Ungagadzirisa sei zvinhu zviri mudura rezvinhu zvakaiswa mukati?

60. Maitiro ekugadzirisa matambudziko ekutaurirana kwechiratidzo muPCBs?

61. Chii chinokanganisa ma "vias" pakutumira masaini?

62. Maitiro ekugadzirisa ESD (electrostatic discharge) muPCBs?

63. Ungaona sei kusashanda zvakanaka kweBGA?

64. Ungasarudza sei maitiro ekugadzirisa PCB pamusoro?

65. Nzira yekuderedza sei mwaranzi yemagetsi kubva kumaPCB?

66. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvakakosha pakugadzira thermal via design?

67. Ndezvipi zvinodiwa pakufananidza hurefu hwema "traces" ekumhanya kwakanyanya?

68. Magadzirisiro ekugadzirisa nyaya dzesimba muPCBs angaitwa sei?

69. Ndeipi chiyero chinogamuchirwa chePCB warpage?

70. Ungawana sei dhizaini ine simba shoma mumaPCB?

71. Ndezvipi zvakanakira ma-vias asina kuvonekwa/akavigwa mumaPCB?

72. Maitiro ekuita madhizaini eDFM (dhizaini yekugadzira)?

73. Ndedzipi nzira dzekurapa PCB dzinoshandiswa katatu?

74. Maitiro ekugadzirisa huwandu hwematanho ekufambisa muPCBs?

75. Maitiro ekugadzirisa dambudziko rekunyungudutsa kwechando mushure mekunyungudutsa PCB?

76. Nzira yekuedza sei kudzivirira kuputira kwePCBs?

77. Nzira yekudzivisa sei kuratidzwa kwechiratidzo muPCBs?

78. Ko ukobvu hwefoiri yemhangura hunokanganisa sei kugona kwekutakura magetsi?

79. Ungasarudza sei ruvara rwechifukidzo chesolder?

46. Chii chiri kuoma kugadzirisa zvikamu zvakaiswa muPCB?