Kuboola Kuzama Kolamulidwa mu Kupanga Ma PCB: Kuboola Kumbuyo Kodi kuboola Kumbuyo mu PCB ndi chiyani?
Kuboola mawaya m'mabwalo osindikizira okhala ndi zigawo zambiri ndi njira yochotsera chidebecho kuti chipange ma vias, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zizindikiro zisunthe kuchokera pagawo limodzi la bolodi kupita ku lina. (Ma stubs apanga kuwunikira, kufalikira, kuchedwa, ndi mavuto ena panthawi yotumizira chizindikirocho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chizindikirocho chisokonezeke.) Kuboola mozama kwambiri kumafuna luso lovuta. Kupanga ma board a multilayer circuit, monga ma board a 12-layer, kumafuna kulumikiza gawo loyamba ku gawo lachisanu ndi chinayi. Nthawi zambiri, timaboola mabowo kamodzi kokha tisanaphimbe ma through vias. Pansi yoyamba ndi pansi ya 12 zimalumikizidwa nthawi yomweyo. M'malo mwake, chipinda choyamba chimangofunika kulumikizidwa ku chipinda chachisanu ndi chinayi. Popeza palibe mawaya olumikiza 10 mpaka 12, amafanana ndi zipilala. Chipilalachi chimakhudza njira ya chizindikiro ndipo chingasokoneze umphumphu wa chizindikiro cholumikizirana. Chifukwa chake, dzenje lachiwiri linabooledwa kuchokera mbali ina ya mzere wowonjezera (wotchedwa STUB mumakampani).
Chifukwa chake, imadziwika kuti back drilling, komabe nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyera pang'ono kuposa kuboola chifukwa sitepe yotsatira idzapanga electrolyze pang'ono ya mkuwa ndipo nsonga ya drill nayonso ndi yakuthwa. Chifukwa chake tidzasiya mfundo yaying'ono kwambiri; kutalika kwa STUB yotsalayi kumadziwika kuti B value, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 50 ndi 150 UM.
Ukadaulo wa PCB wobowola kumbuyo
Chifukwa cha kufunika kochepetsa kutayika kwa chizindikiro pakugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi kwambiri, dzenje lolumikiza zigawo limafunika kuti chizindikirocho chizidutsa pamene chikuyenda kuchokera ku chimodzi kupita ku china. Ndikofunikira kuchotsa mkuwa wochulukirapo kuchokera pa dzenje ili pakugwiritsa ntchito uku chifukwa umagwira ntchito ngati antenna ndipo umakhudza kutumiza ngati chizindikirocho chikuyenda kuchokera ku gawo loyamba kupita ku lachiwiri mu bolodi la magawo 20, mwachitsanzo.
Kuti tipeze kukhazikika kwa chizindikiro, timabowola mkuwa "wochuluka" m'dzenje pogwiritsa ntchito kubowola kumbuyo (kuya kolamulidwa mu z-axis). Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri ndi zakuti stub (kapena mkuwa "wochuluka") ukhale waufupi momwe tingathere. Kawirikawiri, kukula kwa kubowola kumbuyo kuyenera kukhala 0.2mm kuposa via yofanana.
Thenjira yobowolera kumbuyo imachotsa zidutswakuchokera m'mabowo ophimbidwa ndi pulasitiki (vias). Zidutswa ndi zosafunikira /magawo osagwiritsidwa ntchito a ma via, zomwe zimatambasula kuposa gawo lomaliza lamkati lolumikizidwa.
Zidutswa zimatha kubweretsakuwunikira, komansokusokonezeka kwa mphamvu, inductivity ndi impedanceZolakwika izi zimakhala zofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kufalikira kwa kachilomboka.
Ndege zakumbuyondipo makamaka Ma Printed Circuit Boards okhuthala, amatha kupirirakusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa umphumphu wa chizindikirokudzera m'zidutswa. Kwa Ma PCB Othamanga Kwambiri(monga ndi Impedance control), kugwiritsa ntchito backboiling, komanso kugwiritsa ntchitoma vias akhungu ndi obisika, ikhoza kukhala gawo la yankho.
Chobowolera chakumbuyo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamtundu uliwonse wa bolodi la derakumene ziboliboli zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa umphumphu wa chizindikiro, popanda kuganizira kwambiri kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kake. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma blind vias, muyenera kukumbukira kuti chiŵerengero cha mbali chiyenera kukumbukiridwa.
Mbali za kubowola kumbuyo kwa PCB
Ubwino wa Kuboola Msana
● Chepetsani kusokoneza phokoso ndi kugwedezeka kwa deterministic;
● Kulimbitsa umphumphu wa chizindikiro;
● Kuchepetsa makulidwe a m'deralo;
● Chepetsani kugwiritsa ntchito ma vias obisika komanso osawoneka bwino ndikuchepetsa zovuta za kupanga ma PCB;
● Kuchepa kwa zolakwika za bit (BER);
● Kuchepetsa chizindikiro pang'ono ndi kufananiza bwino kwa impedance;
● Kapangidwe kochepa ndi kapangidwe kake;
● Kuwonjezeka kwa bandwidth ya njira;
● Kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha deta;
● kuchepa kwa mpweya wa EMI/EMC kuchokera kumapeto kwa stub;
● Kuchepetsa kukwiya kwa ma resonance modes;
● Kuchepetsa kulankhulana kudzera pa intaneti;
● Mtengo wotsika poyerekeza ndi laminations zotsatizana.
Kuipa kwa Kuboola Msana
Zizindikiro zapamwamba nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mavuto omwe angagwirizane ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika kwa zipilala. Tiyeni tiwone bwino mavuto ena omwe ali ndi zipilala.
Kudzikuza Kwambiri:
Mawotchi onsewa ndi okhazikika, ndipo kuchuluka kwa cholakwika cha nthawi kumatchedwa jitter. Kugwedezeka koletsa ndi komwe kumadziwika kuti kusintha kwa nthawi yokhazikika (kutanthauza, limited).
Kuchepetsa chizindikiro:
Phokoso likachepa, mphamvu yake imachepa ndipo kugunda kwa mtima kumakhala kofooka.
Kuwala kwa EMI:
Chingwe cholumikizira chingwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati antenna, chowunikira EMI.
Makhalidwe Abwino
● Kawirikawiri ndi mabolodi olimba kumbuyo;
● Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zigawo 8 kapena kupitirira apo;
● Kukhuthala kwa bolodi kuli kopitirira 2.5mm;
● Kukula kochepa kogwira ndi 0.3mm;
● Chobowolera chakumbuyo ndi chachikulu 0.2mm kuposa ma vias;
● Kupirira kuya kwa chitoliro chakumbuyo +/- 0.05MM.
Ndi mtundu wanji wa PCB womwe umafunika kubowola kumbuyo?
Kawirikawiri, mabowo a PCB board amabowoledwa kudzera mu bolodi (kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi). Ngati chizindikiro cholumikiza mabowo kudzera chili pafupi ndi gawo lapamwamba (kapena gawo la pansi), chimapangitsa kuti pakhale kugawanika kwa stub pa dzenje la PCB, zomwe zidzakhudza ubwino wa chizindikirocho ndikuyambitsa kuwunikira. Zizindikiro zoyenda mofulumira zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi izi.
Kuti tipeze njira yabwino kwambiri yotumizira ma siginolo, nthawi zambiri zimamveka kuti njira yolumikizira ma siginolo pa bolodi la PCB yokhala ndi ma Signals ake pa liwiro la pafupifupi 1Gbps iyenera kuganiziridwa kuti iphatikizepo kapangidwe ka back-drill. Zachidziwikire, kupanga mizere yolumikizirana yothamanga kwambiri kumafuna uinjiniya wa makina ndipo sikuli kosavuta monga momwe kungawonekere. Ngati maulalo olumikizira makinawo siatali kwambiri kapena mphamvu ya chip drive ndi yolimba mokwanira, mtundu wa chizindikiro ukhoza kukhala wopanda cholakwika popanda back-drill. Chifukwa chake, kuyerekezera kwa system interconnection link ndiyo njira yolondola kwambiri yodziwira ngati back-drill ikufunika kapena ayi.
Mukudziwa kuti, kuwonjezera pa kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wobowola kumbuyo, njira zosiyanasiyana zomangira zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuchepetsa kapena kukonza kutalika kwa stub. Izi zikuphatikizapo makonzedwe osiyanasiyana okonzera zinthu, komwe mizere ya circuit track imasunthidwa ku zigawo zomwe zili pafupi ndi mapeto a stub, mabowo obowola ndi laser (ma microvias), kapena ma vis ndi mipata yobisika. Kuphatikiza apo, popeza njira zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kuwunikira kwa chizindikiro pamabodi okwera kwambiri (oposa 3GHz), kubowola kumbuyo sikofunikira.
Komabe, njira zimenezi nthawi zonse sizigwira ntchito kuchokera ku fakitale yopanga zinthu komanso sizimawononga ndalama kuti zichepetse kutayika kwa chizindikiro m'ma PCB ambiri okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kapena ma backplanes/mid-planes. Chifukwa chake, njira yokhayo yothandiza ndikuboola kumbuyo kwa stub. Ngati mabowo a blind vias si njira yabwino, kuboola kumbuyo kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri pama board okwera kwambiri (oposa 1GHz mkati mwa 3GHz).
Ndipo popeza PCB ili ndi zigawo zambiri, mabowo ena sangapangidwe ngati mabowo osawona (mwachitsanzo, pa PCB ya zigawo 16, ena kudzera m'mabowo ayenera kulumikizidwa ku zigawo 1 mpaka 10 ndipo ena kudzera m'mabowo ayenera kulumikizidwa ku zigawo 7 mpaka 16; kapangidwe kameneka sikoyenera mabowo osawona koma koyenera kuboola kumbuyo).
Kodi mungatani kuti PCB ibowole kumbuyo?
Njira Yobowolera Msana
1. Kuti mupeze dzenje loyamba lobowola, gwiritsani ntchito dzenje loyikira pa PCB yomwe yaperekedwa.
2. Musanaphike, gwiritsani ntchito nembanemba youma kuti mutseke dzenje lolowera.
3. Thirani ufa m'bowo ndi mkuwa kuti mupange chowongolera.
4. Pangani chithunzi chakunja pa PCB.
5. Pambuyo popanga mawonekedwe akunja, bolodi lojambula lidzayikidwa pa PCB. Musanayambe njirayi, ndikofunikira kutseka dzenje loyikamo ndi nembanemba youma musanayambe njirayi.
6. Gwiritsani ntchito mabowo oyamba obowolera kuti mugwirizanitse kubowola kumbuyo, kenako gwiritsani ntchito chobowolera kuti mubowole mabowo opangidwa ndi electroplated omwe amafuna njira iyi.
7. Pambuyo pobowola komaliza, bolodi liyenera kutsukidwa kuti lichotse zobowola zilizonse zomwe zingatsale
8. Pambuyo poti bolodi latsimikizika ndipo chizindikiro chakhala chikukwera, samalani kwambiri ngati ntchito yobowola ikuchitika moyenera.
Yesani Kuyendetsa Mmbuyo
Mukamaliza kuyendetsa, tiyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti zobowolera zakumbuyo zakonzedwa bwino. Kuti mutsimikizire izi, yatsani zigawo zonse. Mudzawona kuti mkombero wa ma vias uli ndi mitundu iwiri. Gawo loyamba kapena loyambira likuwonetsedwa mu utoto wofiira, pomwe gawo lomaliza likuwonetsedwa mu buluu. N'zosavuta kusiyanitsa ma vias obowolera kumbuyo ndi ma vias ena. Ma vias obowolera kumbuyo okha ndi omwe amawoneka ndi mitundu iwiri.
Dinani pa Drill Table mutasankha malo kuchokera pa menyu yayikulu kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa ma Vias, PTH, ndi ma troll ena omwe achitika.
Mavuto aukadaulo pakubowola kumbuyo.
1.Kulamulira kuya kwa kubowola kumbuyo
Kuti zinthu ziyende bwino pogwiritsa ntchito ma blind vias, kuwongolera kuya kwa kubowola kumbuyo ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kulekerera kuya kwa kubowola kumbuyo kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kulondola kwa zida zobowola kumbuyo komanso kulekerera kwa makulidwe apakati. Komabe, kulondola kwa kubowola kumbuyo kungakhudzidwenso ndi zinthu zina monga kukana kubowola, ngodya ya nsonga ya kubowola, kukhudzana pakati pa bolodi lophimba ndi chipangizo choyezera, ndi kupotoza kwa bolodi. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino kwambiri ndikuwongolera kulondola kwa kubowola kumbuyo, ndikofunikira kusankha zipangizo ndi njira zoyenera zobowola panthawi yopanga. Opanga mapulani amatha kutsimikizira kutumiza kwa chizindikiro chapamwamba ndikupewa mavuto a umphumphu wa chizindikiro mwa kuyang'anira mosamala kuzama kwa kubowola kumbuyo.
2. Kulondola kwa kubowola kumbuyo
Kuwongolera bwino kubowola kumbuyo ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera bwino kwa PCB munjira zotsatirazi. Kubowola kumbuyo kumaphatikizapo kubowola kwachiwiri kutengera kukula kwa dzenje loyambira kubowola, ndipo kulondola kwachiwiri kubowola ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kulondola kwa kubwerezabwereza kwa kubowola kwachiwiri kungakhudzidwe ndi zinthu zingapo, monga kukula ndi kupindika kwa bolodi, kulondola kwa makina, ndi njira zobowola. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti njira yobowola kumbuyo ikuyendetsedwa bwino kuti muchepetse zolakwika ndikusunga kutumiza kwa chizindikiro ndi umphumphu woyenera.
Gawo lofunika kwambiri komanso lovuta kwambiri ndi kuboola chifukwa ngakhale cholakwika chochepa chingayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Musanayike oda, muyenera kuganizira luso la wopanga PCB. Richfulljoy imapereka matabwa obooledwa kumbuyo pamtengo wotsika ndipo imadziwika bwino pakupanga ma PCB prototype. Ubwino wathu ndi monga nthawi yotumizira mwachangu komanso kudalirika kwambiri. Richfulljoy, wopanga ma PCB wodziwika bwino ku China, ali ndi chidziwitso chonse ndi luso lofunikira kuti akuthandizeni. Ngati muli ndi malingaliro aliwonse okhudza PCB assembly kapena prototype, chonde titumizireni uthenga ku: mkt-2@rich-pcb.com
