Gucukura mu buryo bugenzurwa mu nganda za PCB: Gucukura inyuma ni iki gucukura inyuma muri PCB?

Gucukura inyuma mu mbaho ​​z’insinga zacapwe zifite ibyiciro byinshi ni uburyo bwo gukuraho icyuma kugira ngo hakorwe vias, bigatuma ibimenyetso biva ku rwego rumwe rw’ikibaho bijya ku rundi. (Izi mpande zizatera kugaragara, gukwirakwira, gutinda, n’ibindi bibazo mu gihe cyo kohereza ikimenyetso, bizatuma ikimenyetso kigorama.) Gucukura mu bujyakuzimu bugenzurwa bisaba ubuhanga buhambaye. Gukora imbaho ​​z’urujya n’uruza rw’ibyiciro byinshi, nk’imbaho ​​zifite ibyiciro 12, bisaba guhuza urwego rwa mbere n’urwego rwa cyenda. Ubusanzwe, ducukura mu myobo rimwe gusa mbere yo gupfuka vias. Igorofa rya mbere n’igorofa rya 12 bihita bihuzwa. Mu by’ukuri, igorofa rya mbere rigomba guhuzwa n’igorofa rya cyenda. Kubera ko nta nsinga zihuza urwego rwa 10 kugeza ku rwa 12, zisa n’inkingi. Iyi nkingi igira ingaruka ku nzira y’ikimenyetso kandi ishobora kwangiza ubuziranenge bw’ikimenyetso cy’itumanaho. Kubwibyo, umwobo wa kabiri wakuwe ku ruhande rw’inyongera rw’inkingi (rwitwa STUB mu nganda).

Kubera iyo mpamvu, izwi nka "back drilling", icyakora ubusanzwe ntabwo isukuye cyane nko gucukura kuko intambwe ikurikiraho izashyiramo umuringa mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi kandi umutwe w'icukura nawo ukaba utyaye. Bityo rero, tuzasiga agace gato cyane; uburebure bw'iyi STUB isigaye buzwi nka "B value", kandi ubusanzwe buri hagati ya 50 na 150 UM.

Ikoranabuhanga rya PCB ryo gucukura inyuma

Bitewe nuko hakenewe kugabanya igihombo cy'amajwi ku mikoreshereze y'amajwi menshi, hari umwobo uhuza amajwi kugira ngo ikimenyetso kinyuremo mu gihe kiva kuri kimwe kijya ku kindi. Ni byiza gukuramo umuringa urenze kuri uyu mwobo kuri ubu buryo kuko ukora nka antene kandi ugira ingaruka ku ihererekanyamakuru niba ikimenyetso kigomba kuva kuri layer ya mbere kijya kuri layer ya kabiri mu kibaho cy'amajwi 20, urugero.

Kugira ngo turusheho kugira ubushobozi bwo guhagarara neza, ducukura umuringa "w'inyongera" mu mwobo dukoresheje gucukura inyuma (ubujyakuzimu bugenzurwa muri z-axis). Umusaruro mwiza ni uko icyuma (cyangwa umuringa "w'inyongera") kiba kigufi uko bishoboka kose. Ubusanzwe, ingano y'icyuma cy'inyongera igomba kuba 0.2mm hejuru y'icyitegererezo gihuye.

Itsindainzira yo gucukura inyuma ikuraho udutiuvuye mu myobo ipfundikiye (vias). Inkingi ni ngombwa /ibice bya vias bitakoreshejwe, birenga urwego rw'imbere rwa nyuma ruhujwe.
Ibiti bishobora guteraibitekerezo, kimwe naihungabana ry'ubushobozi, inductivity na impedanceAya makosa yo kudakomeza aba akomeye uko umuvuduko wo gukwirakwiza wiyongera.
Imbuga z'inyuman'amabati manini yacapwe cyane cyane, ashobora kwihanganiraihungabana rikomeye mu busugire bw'ibimenyetsobinyuze mu biti. Kuri PCB zikoresha umurongo wo hejuru(urugero: hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kugenzura impedance), gukoresha backdrilling, ndetse no gukoreshainzira zidafite uruhu n'izishyinguwe, bishobora kuba kimwe mu bigize igisubizo.
Imashini yo gucukura inyuma ishobora gushyirwaho kuriubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw'urubaho rw'itumanahoaho uduti duto dutuma ibimenyetso byangirika, hamwe n’imiterere yabyo n’imiterere yabyo bike. Mu buryo bunyuranye, iyo ukoresha uburyo bwo kureba amashusho, ugomba kuzirikana ikigereranyo cy’uburyo ayo mashusho akoreshwa.

Ibiranga PCB inyuma yo gucukura

Ibyiza byo gucukura inyuma

● Kugabanya urusaku rwinshi no gutitira;

● Kunoza ubuziranenge bw'ikimenyetso;

● Kugabanya ubunini bw'aho hantu;

● Gabanya ikoreshwa ry'ibice by'amazi bitwikiriwe n'ibidafunze kandi ugabanye ingorane zo gukora PCB;

● Igipimo cy'amakosa make ya biti (BER);

● Kugabanya ibimenyetso mu buryo buciriritse hamwe no kunoza uburyo bwo guhuza impedance;

● Ingaruka nke ku gishushanyo n'imiterere;

● Kongera umuyoboro w'itumanaho (bandwidth) w'imiyoboro;

● Kongera umubare w'amakuru;

● igabanuka ry'imyuka ya EMI/EMC iva ku mpera y'umuyoboro;

● Kugabanuka k'uburyo bwo gushyuha kw'amajwi;

● Kugabanya uburyo bwo kuganira binyuze kuri interineti;

● Ibiciro biri hasi ugereranije n'ingufu zikurikirana.

Imbogamizi zo gucukura umugongo

Ibimenyetso binini akenshi bigira ibibazo bishobora kuba bifitanye isano no kudakoreshwa neza hakoreshejwe ibiti. Reka turebere hamwe bimwe mu bibazo biri muri ibyo biti.

Jitter Deterministic: 
Amasaha yombi ni igihe, kandi ingano y'ikosa ry'igihe ryitwa jitter. Ihindagurika ry'igihe ribuza ni icyo kizwi nk'ihinduka ry'igihe risanzwe (ni ukuvuga, riciriritse).

Kugabanya ikimenyetso:
Iyo ijwi rigabanutse, ubukana bwaryo buragabanuka kandi umuvuduko w'ijwi urushaho kugabanuka.

Imirasire ituruka kuri EMI:

Agakoresho gakoresha icyuma gifata urumuri gashobora gukoreshwa nk'antene, gatanga urumuri rwa EMI.

Ibiranga rusange 

● Ahanini haba hari imbaho ​​zikomeye inyuma;

● Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa ku byiciro 8 cyangwa hejuru;

● Ubugari bw'ikibaho burenga mm 2.5;

● Ingano ntoya yo gufata ni 0.3mm;

● Imashini yo gucukura inyuma ifite ubunini bwa mm 0.2 ugereranije n'imashini zicukura inyuma;

● Kwihanganira ubujyakuzimu bw'inyuma +/- 0.05MM.

Ni ubwoko ki bwa PCB bukeneye gucukurwa inyuma?

Ubusanzwe, imyobo y'imbaho ​​za PCB iracukurwa mu kibaho (kuva hejuru kugeza hasi). Iyo agace gahuza imyobo inyuramo kari hafi y'urwego rwo hejuru (cyangwa urwego rwo hasi), bizatera gutandukana kw'umwobo unyuramo w'umurongo uhuza PCB, ibyo bizagira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'ikimenyetso kandi bigatera kugaragara. Ibimenyetso bigenda ku muvuduko wihuta bigira ingaruka cyane kuri iyi ngaruka.

Kugira ngo haboneke uburyo bwo kohereza ibimenyetso mu buryo bwiza, muri rusange byumvikana ko umurongo w’itumanaho uri kuri PCB ufite ibimenyetso byayo ku gipimo cya 1Gbps ugomba gufatwa nk'aho urimo igishushanyo cy’imashini zikoresha umuvuduko wa nyuma. Birumvikana ko gushushanya imirongo yo guhuza yihuta bisaba ubuhanga bwa sisitemu kandi ntabwo byoroshye nkuko bigaragara. Niba imiyoboro yo guhuza sisitemu itari miremire cyane cyangwa ubushobozi bwa chip buhagije, ubwiza bw'ibimenyetso bushobora kuba nta kibazo nta gucukura inyuma. Kubwibyo, gupima imiyoboro yo guhuza sisitemu ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kumenya niba gucukura inyuma bikenewe cyangwa bidakenewe.

Ushobora kuba uzi ko, uretse gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gucukura inyuma, hari uburyo butandukanye bwo kubaka bushobora no gukoreshwa kugira ngo hagabanuke cyangwa hakorwe neza uburebure bw'agace k'umuyoboro. Ibi birimo uburyo butandukanye bwo gutondeka, aho imirongo y'inzira y'umuyoboro yimurirwa mu byiciro byegereye impera y'agace k'umuyoboro, imyobo ya microvias icukuwe na laser, cyangwa imyobo ifunguye kandi ipfutse. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko hari ubundi buryo bukoreshwa kugira ngo hagabanuke urumuri rw'ibimenyetso ku mbaho ​​zifite umuvuduko mwinshi (uri hejuru ya 3GHz), gucukura inyuma ntabwo ari ngombwa.

Ariko, ubu buryo ntibuhora ari ingirakamaro uhereye ku nganda zikora ndetse n'ibiciro bigabanuka kugira ngo bigabanye igihombo cy'ibimenyetso muri PCB nyinshi zifite ubucucike bwinshi cyangwa backplanes/mid-planes. Rero, amahitamo yonyine afatika ni ugucukura inyuma ya via stub. Iyo imyobo ya blind vias atari amahitamo, gucukura inyuma biba ngombwa ku mbaho ​​zifite frequency nyinshi (zirenze 1GHz muri 3GHz).

Kandi kubera ko PCB ifite urwego rwinshi, imyobo imwe ntishobora gushushanywa nk'imyobo idasobanutse (urugero, kuri PCB y'urwego rwa 16, imwe inyuze mu myobo igomba guhuzwa n'urwego rwa 1 kugeza 10 n'indi inyuze mu myobo igomba guhuzwa n'urwego rwa 7 kugeza 16; iyi miterere ntikwiriye imyobo idasobanutse ariko ikwiriye gucukurwa inyuma).

Ni gute wakora icukura ry’inyuma rya PCB?

Uburyo bwo gucukura inyuma

1. Kugira ngo ubone umwobo wa mbere wo gucukura, koresha umwobo wo gushyiramo ibintu kuri PCB watanzwe.

2.Mbere yo gupfuka, koresha membrane yumye kugira ngo ufunge umwobo uri aho hantu.

3. Siga ifu mu mwobo n'umuringa kugira ngo ukore umurongo uyobora.

4. Kora ishusho yo hanze kuri PCB.

5. Nyuma yo gukora igishushanyo mbonera cy'urwego rwo hanze, ikibaho cy'ibishushanyo kizashyirwa kuri PCB. Mbere y'iki gikorwa, ni ngombwa gufunga umwobo w'aho ushyirwa n'urukiramende rwumye mbere yo gutangira iki gikorwa.

6. Koresha imyobo yo gushyiramo imyobo ya mbere kugira ngo ushyireho imyobo inyuma, hanyuma ukoreshe agace k'imyobo kugira ngo ucukure imyobo ikozwe mu mashanyarazi isaba ubu buryo.

7. Nyuma yo gucukura bwa nyuma, ikibaho kigomba gusukurwa kugira ngo haveho imashini zose zishobora gusigara

8. Nyuma y'uko ikibaho cyemejwe kandi ubuziranenge bw'ikimenyetso bugatera imbere, reba neza niba igikorwa cyo gucukura kiri gukorwa neza.

Gerageza imyitozo yo gusimbuza inyuma 

Iyo inzira irangiye, tugomba kwemeza ko imyitozo yo inyuma yashyizweho neza. Kugira ngo wemeze ibi, fungura urwego rwose. Uzabona ko impera y'imashini ifite amabara abiri kuri yo. Icyiciro cya mbere cyangwa icy'ibanze kigaragara mu ibara ry'umutuku, mu gihe urwego rwa nyuma rugaragara mu ibara ry'ubururu. Biroroshye gutandukanya imashini zo inyuma n'izindi. Imashini zo inyuma gusa nizo zigaragara zifite amabara abiri.

Kanda kuri Drill Table nyuma yo guhitamo aho iherereye muri menu nkuru kugira ngo umenye umubare wa Vias, PTH, n'izindi troll zakozwe.

Ingorane za tekiniki mu gucukura inyuma.

1.Kugenzura ubujyakuzimu bw'inyuma bw'imashini zicukura
Kugira ngo hakorwe neza imiyoboro y’amazi idafite aho ihuriye n’amazi, kugenzura ubujyakuzimu bw’umugongo ni ingenzi cyane. Ubushobozi bwo gucukura inyuma bushingiye ahanini ku bunini bw’ibikoresho byo gucukura inyuma n’ubunini buri hagati. Ubuhanga bwo gucukura inyuma bushobora no kugira ingaruka ku bintu byo hanze nko kudakora neza kw’imiyoboro, inguni y’isonga ry’umuyoboro, ingaruka zo gukorana hagati y’ikibaho cyo gupfuka n’igikoresho cyo gupima, hamwe n’uburyo bwo gucukura inyuma. Kugira ngo ubone umusaruro mwiza kandi ucunge neza uburyo bwo gucukura inyuma, ni ngombwa guhitamo ibikoresho n’ubuhanga bukwiye bwo gucukura mu gihe cyo gukora. Abashushanya bashobora kwemeza ko ibimenyetso byoherezwa mu buryo bwiza kandi bakirinda ibibazo by’ubuziranenge bw’ibimenyetso binyuze mu gucunga neza ubujyakuzimu bw’umugongo.

2. Gucukura neza inyuma y'inyuma
Gucukura inyuma neza ni ingenzi cyane mu kugenzura ubuziranenge bwa PCB mu bikorwa bikurikira. Gucukura inyuma bisaba gucukura kabiri hashingiwe ku murambararo w'umwobo w'imashini, kandi gucukura neza ni ingenzi cyane. Ubuhanga bwo gucukura inyuma bushobora guterwa n'ibintu byinshi bitandukanye, nko kwagura no gufungana kw'imashini, gukoresha neza imashini, n'uburyo bwo gucukura. Ni ngombwa kumenya neza ko uburyo bwo gucukura inyuma bugenzurwa neza kugira ngo hagabanywe amakosa no gukomeza kohereza ibimenyetso neza.

Intambwe y'ingenzi kandi igoye ni ugucukura kuko n'ikosa rito rishobora kwangiza cyane. Mbere yo gutumiza, ugomba gutekereza ku buhanga bw'ukora PCB. Richfulljoy itanga imbaho ​​zicukuwe ku giciro gito kandi yihariye mu guteranya PCB. Ibyiza byacu birimo igihe cyo kuzitanga vuba no kwizerwa cyane. Richfulljoy, uruganda ruzwi cyane rwa PCB mu Bushinwa, rufite ubumenyi n'ubushobozi bwose bukenewe kugira ngo rugufashe. Niba ufite inama ku guteranya PCB cyangwa prototype, twandikire kuri: mkt-2@rich-pcb.com