Maitiro Ekuziva PCB Yemhando Yepamusoro: Gwaro Rekuongorora Rakazara

I. Kuongororwa kweDanho reKugadzira (DFM/DFA)

Chinangwa Chikuru: Ziva zvikanganiso zvekugadzira pachine nguva kuti uderedze njodzi dzekugadzirisa patsva kugadzirwa.

1. Kusimbiswa kweMagadzirirwo Emagetsi

• Kufananidza Impedance: Kuvharirwa kwemitsara yekutumira masaini inomhanyisa (semuenzaniso, USB, HDMI, RF) kunofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa pakugadzira (semuenzaniso, 50Ω imwe chete, 90Ω yakasiyana). Zvishandiso zveSI simulation (semuenzaniso, HyperLynx) zvinoshandiswa kudzivirira kuratidzwa kwechiratidzo uye kudzikira kwesimba.
• Kuvimbika kweChiratidzo: Tarisa kana paine cross-talk, delay, uye power integrity (PI) kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti masaini ehigh-frequency haana kukanganiswa. Chengetedza kubatana kwakanaka kwesimba/pasi kuti uderedze EMI radiation.
• Dhizaini yeLayer Stackup: Simbisa ukobvu hwezvikamu zvekudzivirira kupisa, huwandu hwezvikamu zvemhangura, uye kurongeka kwezvikamu kuti uenzanise kupisa kupararira uye kudzora impedance, zvichizadzisa zvinodiwa neEMC.

2. Kuongorora Mutemo Wekugadzirisa (DFM)

• MaParamita ekutevera: Upamhi/nzvimbo shoma yekutevera ≥3mil (1mil yeHDI), bhiriji remamasiki anosonerwa ≥4mil.
• Dhayamita yeHole nePad: Zvinokurudzirwa kuburikidza ne 0.3mm, padhi 0.6mm kudzivirira kutsauka kwechibooreso kana kupatsanurwa kwepadhi.
• Dhizaini yeKobvu yeMhangura: Zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvinoshandisa 1oz–2oz (35–70μm) kuti zvikwane mutoro wemagetsi uye kudzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya.

3. Kuchinjika kweMagadzirirwo eMichina

• Mutsetse, maburi, uye migero zvinoenderana nekushivirira kwenzvimbo dzakavharirwa (± 0.1mm).
• Zvinhu zvinonzwa kupisa zvakaparadzaniswa kubva kune zvikamu zvinogadzira kupisa zvine nzira dzekufema.
• Zviratidzo zvePolarity zvinofanira kunge zvakajeka kune ma capacitor nema IC.

II. Kutarisa Hunhu Hwakagadzirwa Mukugadzirwa

Chinangwa Chikuru: Kudzora nguva chaiyo kwekuchinja kwemaitiro kuti uve nechokwadi chekutevedzera maitiro.

1. Kuongorora Substrate uye Zvinhu

• Tarisa mhando yezvinhu (FR-4, Rogers, PI), ukobvu (±5%), uye kukora kwemhangura.
• Pamusoro payo panofanira kunge pasina kukwenya, pasina oxidation, pasina delamination.

2. Maitiro ekuchera nekushandisa mabhazi

• Kururama kweDhayamita yeHole: Kushivirira ±5%, madziro egomba akachena, hapana maburi kana smear.
• Kugadzirwa kwesimbi mugomba: Mhangura isina maelectromatic ≥0.5μm, mhangura yakaputirwa ≥20μm (IPC-6012 Kirasi 3).

3. Kudhirowa uye Kutema

• Kutsauka kwekunyoresa ≤5mil, upamhi hwetrace uniform, mhangura yakasara ≤1%.
• Siriki yepurasitiki yakajeka, yakabviswa ≤10mil, inonamatira zvakanaka.

4. Kuongorora Kupedzisa Kwepamusoro

• BVUMIRANA: Nickel 3–5μm, goridhe 0.05–0.1μm, hapana padhi dema.
• Dhipatimendi reVazvipiri veMoto: Kuputira 0.2–0.5μm, kusvibiswa kwemaion ≤1.56μg/cm².
• HASL: Ukobvu ≥2.5μm, pamusoro payo pakatsetseka, ≥95% inonyorovesa solder.

5. Kudzora Kuravira uye Kudzivirira Kupera Kwemhepo

• Kutsauka kwekunyoresa ≤10mil, ukobvu hwakafanana hwe dielectric, hapana mabubbles kana delamination.
• Kudzivirira kwechiratidzo chakakosha mukati me ± 10%, kwakasimbiswa neTDR.

III. Kuedzwa Kwekushanda Kwechigadzirwa Chakapedzwa uye Kuvimbika

Chinangwa Chikuru: Iva nechokwadi chekuti PCB inoshanda zvakanaka uye kuti inogara kwenguva refu.

1. Kuedzwa Kwemagetsi

• Kuenderera mberi ≤5mΩ, insulation ≥10⁹Ω @500V DC.
• Edza kurasikirwa nekuisa (≤3dB @5GHz) uye kurasikirwa nekudzoka kwemagadzirirwo ekumhanya kukuru.

2. Kuedzwa Kwekuvimbika

• Kuvhunduka Kwekupisa: 260°C, kunyudzwa kwemasekonzi gumi, hapana kupatsanurwa kana kusviba.
• Kutsungirira kweDielectric: 500V DC kwemaminitsi 1, hapana kukanganiswa.
• Kukwanisa kutengeswa: 245°C kwemasekonzi matatu kusvika mashanu, ≥95% inonyorovesa.

3. Kuongorora Zvinoonekwa uye Zviyero

• AOI yemaseketi mapfupi/akavhurika, chifukidziro chesolder, oxidation.
• Rondedzero ± 0.1mm, gomba ± 0.05mm, ukobvu hwe lamination ≤ ± 10%.

4. Kuedzwa Kwepamusoro Kwechivakwa

• Kukora kwepurasitiki: XRF yekutarisa zvidimbu zvemhangura negoridhe/nickel.
• Chikamu Chemuchinjikwa: Kutarisa kwemaziso kuti uone ukobvu hwechikamu, kunamira, uye simbi yemadziro ane maburi.

IV. Mamiriro Akakosha Ongororo Dzekuwedzera

1. MaPCB Anomhanya Zvikuru/Anomhanya Zvikuru

• Network analyzer yeS-parameters: kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo ≤3dB @≥5GHz, kukanganisa kweimpedance ≤±8%.

2. MaPCB Anochinjika/Akasimba-Anochinjika

• Kuedza Kukombama: Masekeji zviuru zana @R≤2mm, hapana mitswe.
• Simba reMichina: Hapana kupatsanurwa kweganda munzvimbo dzakaoma.

3. MaPCB eMotokari/Ezvekurapa/Endege

• Sangana neIPC-A-600 Class 3, UL, RoHS/REACH, V-0 resistance.

V. Zvishandiso zveKuongorora uye Maitiro eIndasitiri