Me pēhea te tautuhi i tētahi PCB kounga teitei: Aratohu Tirotiro Katoa

I. Tirotiro Wāhanga Hoahoa (DFM/DFA)

Whāinga Matua: Tāutuhia ngā hapa o te hoahoa i mua i te wā hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea o te mahi anō i te whakaputanga.

1. Manatoko Hoahoa Mahi Hiko

• Te Whakataurite Ārai: Me tutuki i te ārai āhuatanga o ngā raina tuku tohu tere-teitei (hei tauira, USB, HDMI, raina RF) ngā whakaritenga hoahoa (hei tauira, kotahi-mutunga 50Ω, rerekētanga 90Ω). Ka whakamahia ngā taputapu whakatauira SI (hei tauira, HyperLynx) hei karo i te whakaata me te whakaiti i te tohu.
• Te Pono o te Tohu: Tirohia mēnā he whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, he whakaroa, me te pono o te mana (PI) kia kore ai e pokanoa ngā tohu auau teitei. Kia mau tonu te hononga pai o te mana/papa whenua hei whakaiti i te irahiko EMI.
• Hoahoa Whakatakotoranga Paparanga: Whakaūtia te matotoru o te paparanga whakamarumaru, te maha o ngā paparanga parahi, me te raupapa whakarārangi hei whakataurite i te whakahaere marara wera me te aukati, kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga EMC.

2. Tirotiro Ture Hanganga (DFM)

• Ngā Tawhā Aroturuki: Whānui/mokowā iti rawa ≥3mil (1mil mō te HDI), piriti kopare tūhono ≥4mil.
• Te Diameter me te Papa o te Kōhao: I tūtohutia kia 0.3mm te papa, kia 0.6mm te whānui hei ārai i te he o te wiri, te wete rānei o te papa.
• Hoahoa Matotoru Parahi: Ka whakamahia e ngā tohu mana te 1oz–2oz (35–70μm) hei whakatutuki i te kawenga o nāianei, hei ārai hoki i te wera nui.

3. Te Āheitanga ki te Hanganga Mīhini

• Ka rite te āhua, ngā kōhao, me ngā mokowā ki te ātete o te pouaka (±0.1mm).
• Ngā wāhanga tairongo-wera e wehea ana mai i ngā wāhanga whakaputa wera me ngā ara hauhautanga.
• Me mārama ngā tohu polarity mō ngā capacitors me ngā ICs.

II. Te Aroturukitanga Kounga i te Wā Hanga

Whāinga Matua: Te whakahaere i ngā pekapeka tukanga i te wā tūturu hei whakarite kia tutuki ngā whakaritenga o te tukanga.

1. Tirotiro i te Papa me te Rauemi

• Tirohia te momo rauemi (FR-4, Rogers, PI), te matotoru (±5%), me te taratara o te parahi.
• Me noho te mata kia kore he rakuraku, kia kore he waikura, kia kore hoki he wehewehenga.

2. Te Tukanga Keri me ngā Vias

• Te Tika o te Diameter o te Kōhao: Ātete ±5%, he ma ngā pakitara o te kōhao, kāore he pūwero, he paru rānei.
• Te Whakarewatanga o te Kōhao: Parahi kore-hiko ≥0.5μm, parahi whakakikoruatia ≥20μm (IPC-6012 Akomanga 3).

3. Whakaahua me te Whakairo

• Te rerekētanga rēhitatanga ≤5mil, te whānui tohu ōrite, te parahi toenga ≤1%.
• Mārama te mata hiraka, he ≤10mil te rerekētanga, he pai te piri.

4. Tirotiro Whakamutunga Mata

• WHAKAAE: Nikara 3–5μm, koura 0.05–0.1μm, kāore he papa pango.
• Te Tari Ahi Tūao: Paninga 0.2–0.5μm, poke katote ≤1.56μg/cm².
• HASL: Matotoru ≥2.5μm, mata maeneene, ≥95% te mākū o te tūhono.

5. Te Whakahaere Whakatakotoranga me te Āraitanga

• Te rerekētanga rēhitatanga ≤10mil, he matotoru taurite te matotoru, kāore he mirumiru, he wehewehenga rānei.
• Te aukati tohu tino nui i roto i te ±10%, i manatokohia e te TDR.

III. Whakamātautau Mahi me te Pono o te Hua Kua Oti

Whāinga Matua: Me whakarite kia pai te mahi hiko o te PCB me te pumau mō te wā roa.

1. Whakamātautau Mahi Hiko

• Te haere tonu ≤5mΩ, te whakamarumaru ≥10⁹Ω @500V DC.
• Te ngaromanga whakaurunga whakamātautau (≤3dB @5GHz) me te ngaromanga whakahoki mō ngā hoahoa tere-tiketike.

2. Whakamātautau Pono

• Te Ru Wera: 260°C, 10 hēkona te rumaki, kāore he wehewehenga, he pupuhi rānei.
• Ātete Hikohiko: 500V DC mō te 1 meneti, kāore he pakaru.
• Te āheinga ki te whakapiri: 245°C mō te 3–5 hēkona, ≥95% te mākū.

3. Tirotiro Tirohanga me te Ahu

• AOI mō ngā ara iahiko poto/tuwhera, te kopare whakapiri, te waikura.
• Whakatakotoranga ±0.1mm, kōhao ±0.05mm, matotoru whakapiri ≤±10%.

4. Whakamātautau Hanganga Matatau

• Matotoru Whakatakotoranga: XRF hei tirotiro i ngā paparanga parahi me te koura/nikora.
• Wāhanga Whakawhiti: Tirotiro whatu mō te matotoru o te paparanga, te piri, me te whakakoi i te pakitara o te kōhao.

IV. Ngā Wāhanga Motuhake Ngā Tirotiro Tāpiri

1. Ngā PCB Auau-Teitei/Tere-Teitei

• Kaitātari whatunga mō ngā tawhā-S: te ngaronga tohu ≤3dB @≥5GHz, te hapa ārai ≤±8%.

2. Ngā PCB Ngāwari/Pūmau-Ngāwari

• Whakamātautau Piko: 100,000 huringa @R≤2mm, kāore he kapiti.
• Te Kaha Mīhini: Kāore he wehewehenga i ngā wāhi kua mārō.

3. Ngā PCB mō te Waka/Hauora/Rererangi-Pae

• Tūtaki ki te IPC-A-600 Akomanga 3, UL, RoHS/REACH, ātete mura V-0.

V. Ngā Utauta Tirotiro me ngā Paerewa Ahumahi