He Tātaritanga Whānui o te Hangarau Papa Ara Iahiko Tā (PCB): Ngā Momo, Ngā Rauemi, Ngā Whakamahinga, me Ngā Auahatanga o te Ao

Hei wāhanga nui o ngā taputapu hiko, ko te Poari Porowhita Tā (PCB) te pokapū io o tētahi pūnaha hiko, e mahi ana i ngā mahi nui o te whakarato tautoko miihini me te hononga hiko mō ngā wāhanga hiko. I te tere o te whanaketanga o te hangarau hiko, mai i te kawe angiangi me te mama o ngā waea atamai ki te rorohiko mahi-teitei i roto i ngā pokapū raraunga, mai i te tuku tere-teitei i roto i te whakawhitiwhiti 5G ki te whakahaere uaua i roto i te taraiwa aunoa motuka, he rerekē ngā whakaritenga tono mō te mahi, te hanganga, me te tukanga o ngā PCB. Nā tēnei i puta ai te whānuitanga o ngā momo PCB. He mea nui te māramatanga hohonu ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē o ngā PCB mō ngā miihini hiko, ngā kairangahau me ngā kaiwhakawhanake, tae atu ki ngā kaimahi i roto i ngā ahumahi e pā ana, kia pai ake ai ngā hoahoa hiko me te whakarei ake i te mahi hua.

Tātari Hangarau o ngā PCB kua Whakarōpūtia e ngā Rauemi Papa

(一) Ngā PCB pakari

Ko ngā PCB pakari, me tō rātou pumau me te kaha miihini tino pai, kua noho hei whiringa matua mō ngā taputapu hiko maha. Ko ngā rauemi muka karāhe, pērā i te E-glass me te S-glass, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te hanga PCB pakari nā ō rātou āhuatanga whakamarumaru pai me te kaha miihini. I roto i ēnei, he nui te utu o te muka karāhe E, ā, e kitea whānuitia ana i roto i ngā hua hiko whānui; i tetahi atu ringa, he kaha ake te muka karāhe S me te modulus, e pai ai mō ngā mara he tino uaua ngā whakaritenga mō ngā āhuatanga miihini.

Ko ngā PCB pakari i hangaia mai i te rauemi polyimide (PI) he āhuatanga pēnei i te ātete pāmahana teitei (ka taea te mahi tonu i runga ake i te 200°C), te whakamarumaru teitei (me te pūmau dielectric iti iho i te 3), me te pumau matū tino pai. He maha ngā wā e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā horopaki tono nui pēnei i te rererangi me te hiko hōia. Ko te FR-4, te rauemi papa e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā PCB pakari, he mea whakakikorua mai i te kakahu muka karāhe kua whakakiia ki te kapia epoxy. He pai ngā āhuatanga hiko (me te ātete rōrahi neke atu i te 10^14Ω·cm) me te ātete mura (e tutuki ana ki te taumata ātete mura UL94V-0), ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā hua hiko ā-iwi pēnei i ngā rorohiko me ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.

Hei papa whakarewa parahi hiato, he āhuatanga motuhake tō CEM-1 me CEM-3. Ko te CEM-1, he mea hanga mai i te huinga o te whāriki karāhe me te papa pepa, he iti te utu me ētahi āhuatanga hiko, he pai mō ngā hua hiko kaihoko e aro nui ana ki te utu. Ko te CEM-3, he mea hanga mai i te matua muka karāhe, he tino pai ki te angiangi me te mahi tukatuka miihini, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia i roto i ngā taputapu hiko iti.

（Tangata）、Ngā PCB Ngāwari (FPC)

He mea nui te tūnga o ngā PCB ngāwari (FPC) i roto i ngā taputapu hiko he iti te wāhi, he iti hoki te āhua o te piko. Ko te Polyimide (PI) tētahi o ngā rauemi matua mō ngā FPC. He tino ngāwari (ka taea te tu atu i ngā miriona huringa piko), he ātete pāmahana teitei (me te pāmahana mahi roa neke atu i te 150°C), ā, he pai ngā āhuatanga hiko (me te mate dielectric tangent he iti iho i te 0.002).

Ko ngā rauemi kiriata polyester pērā i te polyethylene terephthalate (PET) me te polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā FPC. He iti te utu me te ngāwari ki te tukatuka, engari he iti iho i te PI te ātete ki te pāmahana teitei me ngā āhuatanga hiko. Ko ngā tawhā matua mō te ine i te mahi a ngā FPC, pērā i te radius piko me te maha o ngā huringa piko ka taea e ia te tu atu, ka pā tika ki te pono me te roa o te mahi a ngā FPC i roto i ngā tono mahi.

(Tau) Ngā PCB Rigid-Flex

He mea auaha te whakakotahitanga o ngā PCB pakari-pūmau i ngā painga o ngā PCB pakari me ngā PCB ngāwari. I ngā wāhi pakari, ko ngā rauemi papa rite tonu ki ērā e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā PCB pakari, pērā i ngā papa pakari FR-4, PI rānei, ka whakamahia hei whakarato i te tautoko ā-mīhini me te pumau e tika ana mō te papa hiko, kia tika ai te tāutanga o ngā wāhanga hiko me ngā hononga hiko. I ngā wāhi ngāwari, ka whakamahia ngā rauemi papa ngāwari, pērā i ngā kiriata ngāwari PI, hei whakatutuki i te piko o te papa hiko.

Ko te hangarau matua o ngā PCB pūmau-piko kei roto i te tukanga hononga i waenga i ngā wāhi pūmau me ngā wāhi pūmau. Ko ngā tikanga hononga noa ko te whakarewa laser me te here piri. Ko te pono o ngā wāhanga hononga me te hoahoa o te whakamamae ahotea he mea nui hei whakarite i te mahi a ngā PCB pūmau-piko. Mā te hoahoa whaitake ka taea te ārai i ngā raruraru pēnei i te rahunga hononga, te tuku tohu rerekē rānei i te wā e piko ana.

Ngā Āhuatanga Hangarau o ngā PCB i Whakarōpūtia e te Tau o ngā Papa Arataki

(1) Ngā PCB taha-kotahi

Hei momo PCB taketake, he pepa parahi te taha kotahi o te PCB taha-kotahi, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā mahi ara iahiko mā te waea taha-kotahi. He tino māmā te hanganga o te ara iahiko, ā, he pai mō ētahi taputapu hiko he iti ngā whakaritenga mahi, pērā i ngā papa whakahaere taputapu kāinga me ngā papa ara iahiko takaro. He tino māmā te tukanga whakaputa PCB taha-kotahi, ko te nuinga o ngā mahi ko te whakairo pepa parahi, te tā i te kopare whakarewa, me te tā i ngā tohu, ā, he iti te utu. Heoi, nā te iti o te wāhi waea, he iti te uaua o te ara iahiko me te whānui o te mahi a ngā PCB taha-kotahi.

(二) Ngā PCB taha-rua

He pepa parahi kei ngā taha e rua o te papa hiko o te PCB taha-rua, ā, ka honoa ngā taha e rua mā roto i ngā via (via whakarewa). Ko te tukanga hanga via he mahi pēnei i te keri, te whakakikorua parahi kore-hiko, me te whakakikorua hiko hei whakarite i te kawe hiko pai o te pakitara o roto o ngā via. Kua tino pai ake te uaua o te hiko me te kaha whakatinanatanga o ngā PCB taha-rua ki te whakataurite ki ngā PCB taha-kotahi, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā papahoahoa rorohiko, ētahi kōwae o ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, me ētahi atu.

I roto i te hoahoa o ngā PCB taha-rua, ko te whakamahere waea me te tahora mā roto i ngā hononga he mea nui. Mā te hoahoa whaitake ka taea te whakaiti i te pokanoa o te tohu me te whakapai ake i te pono me te pumau o te tuku tohu.

(U) Ngā PCB Paparanga Maha

He maha ngā paparanga ara iahiko o ngā PCB paparanga maha (e 4 ngā paparanga, neke atu rānei), e wehea ana e ngā paparanga ārai (pērā i ngā pepa prepreg, ngā pepa PP). Haunga ngā kōhao ara iahiko noa, e whakamahia whānuitia ana hoki ngā hangarau ara iahiko matapo me te ara iahiko huna i roto i ngā PCB paparanga maha. Ko te ara iahiko matapo he kōhao ara iahiko e toro atu ana mai i te mata o te papa ara iahiko ki tētahi paparanga o roto, ā, kāore e uru ki te papa ara iahiko katoa; ko te ara iahiko huna he kōhao ara iahiko hono i waenga i ngā paparanga o roto, ā, kāore e kitea i runga i te mata o te papa ara iahiko.

Mā te whakamahi i ngā hangarau matapo me ngā hangarau huna ka whakaitihia te maha o ngā mata i runga i te mata o te papa hiko, ā, ka whakapai ake i te kiato waea me te mahi tuku tohu. Ka taea e ngā PCB papa maha te whakatutuki i te waea kiato teitei me te tuku tohu mahi teitei, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā taputapu hiko kounga teitei, pērā i ngā papahoahoa tūmau, ngā papahoahoa waea atamai, me ngā kāri whakairoiro mahi teitei. I roto i te tukanga hanga o ngā PCB papa maha, ko ngā āhuatanga pērā i te tukanga whakapiri, te tika o te keri, me te kounga hiko whakapuru he pānga nui ki te mahi me te pono o te papa hiko.

toru,Ngā Kaupapa Matua Hangarau o ngā PCB kua Whakarōpūtia e ngā Tukanga Motuhake

(1) Ngā PCB Auau-Teitei

Ko ngā PCB auau-tiketike e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā taputapu hiko e whakahaere ana i ngā tohu auau-tiketike, pērā i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ahokore, te radar, me ētahi atu mara. I te wā e tuku ana i ngā tohu auau-tiketike, he nui ngā raruraru pērā i te ngaronga tohu me te whakapōturitanga o te āhua. Nō reira, me whakamahi ngā PCB auau-tiketike i ngā rauemi motuhake hei whakaiti i te ngaronga tohu me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te tuku tohu.

Ko te rauemi Rogers tētahi o ngā rauemi papa e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā PCB auau-teitei. He tino iti te pūmau dielectric (ka taea e te Dk te iti ki te 2.2) me te ngaronga tangent (Df te iti ki te 0.0009), ka taea te whakaiti i te ngaronga tohu me te whakapōturi i te wā tuku. Ko te Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) me ōna rauemi kua whakakīia he maha hoki te whakamahinga i roto i ngā PCB auau-teitei, nā te mea he pai ngā āhuatanga hiko auau-teitei me te pumau matū.

I roto i te tukanga hoahoa me te hanga o ngā PCB auau-teitei, hei tāpiri atu ki te kōwhiringa rauemi, he mea nui anō hoki te hoahoa o ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te tahora ara iahiko, te taurite aukati, me te parenga hikohiko. Ka taea e te tahora ara iahiko whaitake te whakaiti i te pokanoa i waenga i ngā tohu, ka taea e te taurite aukati tika te whakarite i te tuku tohu whai hua, ā, ka taea e te parenga hikohiko whai hua te ārai i ngā tohu auau-teitei mai i te pokanoa ki ngā ara iahiko huri noa.

(二) Ngā PCB e hangai ana ki te konganuku

Ko ngā PCB whakarewa, me ā rātou mahi tino pai ki te whakamārara wera, kua waiho hei whiringa pai mō ngā taputapu hiko mana-teitei. Ko ngā rauemi papa whakarewa noa ko te konumohe me te parahi. He pai te mahi whakamārara wera o te papa konumohe, ā, he iti te utu, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā mara pēnei i te rama LED me ngā waeine hiko. He nui ake te kawe wera o te papa parahi (tata ki te 1.6 ngā wā i te konumohe) ā, he pai mō ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he tino teitei te whakamārara wera, pēnei i ngā ara iahiko taraiwa motuka mana-teitei.

Ko te kaupapa whakamarara wera o ngā PCB whakarewa ko te kawe tere i te wera i puta mai i ngā wāhanga hiko mā roto i te papa whakarewa. Hei whakapai ake i te pai o te whakamarara wera, ka tāpirihia he papa whakamahana wera, pērā i te papa silicone kawe wera, te piripiri whakamahana wera rānei, i waenganui i te papa whakarewa me ngā wāhanga hiko. I roto i te tukanga hanga o ngā PCB whakarewa, ko te whakahaere matotoru o te papa whakamahana me te kaha o te hononga ki te papa whakarewa ngā mea matua hei whakarite i tā rātou mahi.

(Uru) Ngā PCB HDI (Ngā PCB Hononga Matotoru-Teitei)

Ko ngā PCB HDI (Ngā PCB Hononga Matotoru-Teitei), me ō rātou āhuatanga o te waea matotoru-teitei me te whakaitiiti, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga tino pakari o ngā taputapu hiko hou mō te wāhi me te mahi. Ko ngā hangarau matua o ngā PCB HDI kei roto i te hanga o ngā micro-vias (Micro-Vias) me te whakairo i ngā rārangi angiangi. Ko te whānui o ngā micro-vias he iti iho i te 0.1mm, ā, ka hangaia mā te whakamahi i ngā hangarau matatau pēnei i te keri laser, te whakairo plasma rānei.

Ko te whakairo i ngā rārangi angiangi me whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakairo tino tika me te whakahaere tukanga kia tutuki ai te waea angiangi me te whānui rārangi/te pikinga rārangi iti iho i te 30μm/30μm. Ko ngā PCB HDI te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahi i te hangarau hanga-ake, ka tutuki ai te hononga-kiato teitei mā te whakarārangi i ngā paparanga ārai me ngā paparanga kawe hiko paparanga i te paparanga. He whānui te whakamahinga o ngā PCB HDI i roto i ngā taputapu hiko iti pēnei i ngā waea atamai, ngā papa, me ngā taputapu mau, ā, ko tētahi o ngā hangarau matua mō te whakatutuki i te mahi teitei me te whakaitiiti o ēnei taputapu.

Papa Kawe IC (Papa Kawe IC)

Ko ngā papa IC (papa kawe IC) e whakamahia ana mō ngā takai maramara, pērā i te takai BGA (Ball Grid Array), te takai QFN (Quad Flat No-Lead), me te takai FC (Flip Chip), me ētahi atu. Me whai ngā papa IC i ngā āhuatanga o te hononga kiato teitei me te tino tika kia tutuki ai he hononga pono i waenga i te maramara me te ara iahiko o waho.
Ko ngā papa IC he papa papa maha-paparanga te nuinga o te wā, ā, he tino whakaritenga mō te tika o te raina, te rahi, me te tika o te tūranga i te wā e hangaia ana. I taua wā anō, me whai whakaaro anō hoki ngā papa IC ki te whakahaere i te wera me te mahi hiko hei whakarite i te pumau me te pono o te maramara i te wā e whakamahia ana. I te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau maramara, kei te piki haere tonu hoki ngā whakaritenga mō te mahi me te tika o ngā papa IC.

Ngā Āhuatanga Hangarau o ngā PCB i Whakarōpūtia e te Hanganga o ngā Vias Arataki

(Uru) Papa Pūrua

Ko te papa poka-ā-roto tētahi o ngā momo PCB tino noa. Ka uru ōna awa hiko mai i te paparanga o runga ki te paparanga o raro o te papa ara iahiko, ā, ka tutuki te hononga hiko i waenga i ngā paparanga mā te tukanga whakakikoruatanga awa hiko. Ko te whānui awa me te matotoru parahi o te pakitara awa o te papa poka-ā-roto he tawhā nui e pā ana ki tōna mahi hiko me te kaha ā-pūkaha.
He pai te whānui o te via mō te tāutanga o ngā wāhanga mono-ki-roto, engari ka nui ake te wāhi waea e nohoia ana; ki te kore e ranea te matotoru parahi o te pakitara via, ka kore pea e pono ngā hononga hiko. I te wā e hangaia ana te papa poka-mā roto, he pānga nui te tika o te keri o ngā via me te kounga o te whakakikorua hiko ki te mahi a te papa ara iahiko. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki e te papa poka-mā roto te whakamahi i tētahi tukanga whakakī via, pērā i te whakakī kapia, hei whakapai ake i tōna pono me te ātete ki te makuku.

(Tangata) Papa Micro-Via

Ka whakamahia e ngā papa micro-via ngā via kawe hiko he iti te diameter (he iti iho i te 0.15mm te nuinga), pērā i ngā micro-via matapo me ngā micro-via tanumia. Ko te tikanga, ko te hanga micro-via ka whakamahia te hangarau keri laser, te hangarau whakairo plasma rānei, ā, ka taea e ēnei hangarau te hanga micro-via me te tino tika kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga o te waea matotoru.
He iti ngā diameter o ngā papa micro-vias, ā, he nui hoki te maha, ka taea ai te whakatutuki i ngā hononga hiko maha atu i roto i tētahi wāhi iti, me te whakapai ake i te taumata whakauru me te mahi a te papa ara iahiko. I te wā e hoahoa ana me te hanga ana i ngā papa micro-vias, me whai whakaaro ki ngā tukanga whakakī me te maimoatanga mata o ngā micro-vias kia pai ai te mahi hiko me te pono o ngā micro-vias.

(III) Ngā Papa Matapo

Ko ngā vias kawe hiko o ngā papa vias matapo ka toro atu i te mata o te papa ara iahiko ki tētahi paparanga o roto, ā, kāore e uru ki te papa ara iahiko katoa. Mā te noho o ngā vias matapo ka taea te whakaiti i te maha o ngā vias i runga i te mata o te papa ara iahiko, te whakanui ake i te kiato o ngā waea, me te whakaiti hoki i te pokanoa o ngā tohu i te wā e tukuna ana.
Ko ngā tukanga hanga o ngā vias matapo ko te keri taiaho, te whakakikorua hiko i muri i te keri miihini, me ētahi atu. He rerekē ngā pānga o ngā tikanga tukanga rerekē ki te kounga me te utu o ngā vias matapo. I roto i te hoahoa o ngā papa via matapo, me whakamahere tika te tūranga me te rahinga o ngā vias matapo kia tino whai hua ai, kia pai ake ai te mahi a te papa ara iahiko.

(四) Ngā Papa Hononga Matotoru-Teitei (HDI)

Ko ngā papa Hononga Matotoru-Teitei (HDI) he mea e mōhiotia ana e te hononga matotoru-teitei, te iti o ngā diameter o ngā via, me ngā rārangi angiangi, ā, ko tētahi o ngā hangarau matua mō te whakatutuki i te whakaitiiti me te mahi teitei o ngā taputapu hiko. Haunga te whakamahi i ngā via kawe hiko iti, ka tutuki hoki i ngā papa HDI te waea angiangi me te whānui raina/te piki raina iti iho i te 30μm/30μm mā te hangarau whakairo raina angiangi.
Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia e ngā papa HDI te hangarau hanga-ake, ka tutuki ai te hononga-kiato teitei mā te whakarārangi i ngā paparanga ārai me ngā paparanga kawe hiko papa i te papa. I te wā o te tukanga hanga o ngā papa HDI, he tino teitei ngā whakaritenga mō ngā rauemi, ngā taputapu, me ngā tukanga, ā, me tino whakahaere te kounga o ia hononga kia pai ai te mahi me te pono o te papa hiko.

Whakamutunga

Hei tūāpapa nui mō te hangarau hiko, ko te kanorau o ngā momo me te uaua o ngā hangarau o ngā papa hiko tānga he tautoko pakari mō te auahatanga me te whanaketanga o ngā taputapu hiko. Mai i te kōwhiringa o ngā rauemi papa ki te hoahoa o ngā paparanga kawe hiko, mai i te tono o ngā tukanga motuhake ki te whakaaro ki ngā tikanga maimoatanga mata, kātahi ki ngā whakaritenga hangarau o ngā momo tono me ngā āhuatanga o te hanganga o ngā vias kawe hiko, he nui ngā tikanga hangarau kei roto i ia hononga.

I te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau hiko, pērā i te whanaketanga tere o ngā hangarau hou pēnei i te matauranga horihori, te Ipurangi o ngā Mea, me ngā raraunga nui, ka piki ake ngā whakaritenga mō te mahi me ngā mahi a ngā PCB. I te heke mai, ka whanake te hangarau PCB ki te ahunga o te kiato teitei ake, te mahi teitei ake, te utu iti iho, me te tiaki taiao nui ake, me te whakatairanga tonu i te whanaketanga iti, te matauranga, me te mahi teitei o ngā taputapu hiko. Me aro nui ngā miihini hiko me ngā kaimahi i roto i ngā ahumahi e pā ana ki ngā ia whanaketanga o te hangarau PCB, me te auaha tonu me te arotau i ngā hoahoa kia tutuki ai ngā tono mākete me ngā wero hangarau e tipu haere ana.

Ngā Pātai Auau:

Q1. He aha ngā rauemi papaaho e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā PCB pakari?

Ko ngā rauemi papaaho noa mō ngā PCB pakari ko ngā muka karāhe (pēnei i te karāhe-E, te karāhe-S, me ētahi atu), te polyimide (PI), FR-4 (he paparanga parahi ātete-mura i hangaia mai i te kapia epoxy me te kakahu muka karāhe), CEM-1 (he paparanga parahi hiato kei roto he whāriki karāhe me te papa pepa), me te CEM-3 (he paparanga parahi hiato me te matua muka karāhe).

P2. He aha i pai ai ngā PCB ngāwari mō ngā taputapu mau?

He pai ngā PCB ngāwari mō ngā taputapu mau, nā te mea he pai te ngāwari o ā rātou rauemi matua pērā i te polyimide (PI), te polyethylene terephthalate (PET), me ētahi atu, kia taea ai te piko, te whakapiko, me te miro i roto i tētahi whānuitanga, ka taea te urutau ki ngā āhua uaua o ngā taputapu mau e rite ana ki te tinana tangata. I taua wā anō, he angiangi, he māmā hoki ō rātou āhuatanga, ā, kāore e nui rawa te taumahatanga ki te kaimau, e tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga o ngā taputapu mau mō te wāhi me te whakamarie.

Q3. He aha ngā mahi a te horahanga pakari me te horahanga ngāwari i roto i te PCB ngāwari-pakari?

I roto i te wāhi pakari o te PCB piko-pakari, ko ngā rauemi papa pakari pērā i te FR-4, i te PI rānei, ka whakamahia hei tautoko ā-ringa me te pumau, hei whakarite i te kaha hanganga o te papa ara iahiko i te wā e tāuta ana, e whakamahia ana hoki. Ko te wāhi piko, i tētahi atu taha, ka whakamahi i ngā rauemi papa ngohengohe pērā i ngā kiriata piko PI hei whakatutuki i te mahi piko, kia urutau ai ki ngā huringa āhua o te taputapu i roto i ngā horopaki whakamahinga rerekē, kia tutuki ai hoki ngā whakaritenga o te mahi ā-ringa me te hiko uaua.

Q4. He aha ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i ngā PCB taha-kotahi me ngā PCB taha-rua?

He pepa parahi te taha kotahi o te PCB taha-kotahi, ā, ka whakamahia mō te waea taha-kotahi. He iti noa te uaua o te ara iahiko, ā, he pai mō ngā taputapu hiko māmā. He māmā te tukanga whakaputa, ā, he iti te utu, engari he iti noa ngā mahi me te wāhi waea. He pepa parahi te taha-rua o te PCB taha-rua i ngā taha e rua, ā, ko te hononga hiko i waenga i ngā taha e rua ka tutuki mā roto i ngā vias (ko te tikanga he vias whakarewa). He taurite te uaua o te ara iahiko, ā, ka taea e ia te whakatutuki i ngā mahi maha atu me te whānuitanga o ngā tono, pērā i ngā papahoahoa rorohiko, ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, me ētahi atu.

Q5. He aha ngā mahi a ngā via matapo me ngā via tanumia i roto i ngā PCB paparanga maha?

Ko ngā via matapo i roto i ngā PCB paparanga maha he kōhao kawe hiko e toro atu ana mai i te mata ki tētahi paparanga o roto, ā, kāore e uru ki te papa ara iahiko katoa. Ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā hononga hiko i waenga i ngā paparanga motuhake, hei whakaiti i te pokanoa tohu, hei whakapai ake hoki i te pono o te tohu. Ko ngā via huna he hononga i waenga i ngā paparanga o roto, ā, kāore e kitea ki te mata. Ka taea e rātou te whakatutuki i ngā hononga paparanga me te kore e nohoia te wāhi mata, e āwhina ana ki te whakatutuki i te waea kiato teitei me te whakapai ake i te mahi me te taumata whakauru o te papa ara iahiko.

Q6. He aha i hiahia ai ngā PCB auau-tiketike ki te whakamahi i ngā rauemi motuhake?

Ko ngā PCB auau-tiketike te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana hei tukatuka i ngā tohu auau-tiketike, pērā i ngā roopu auau ngaruiti me ngā roopu auau ngaru-mirimita, ā, he ngāwari te ngaronga o ngā tohu i te wā e tukuna ana. Ka whakamahia ngā rauemi motuhake pērā i ngā rauemi Rogers, te polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), me ngā rauemi kua whakakīia ki te uku nā te mea he iti ngā āhuatanga o te pūmau dielectric iti (Dk) me te iti o te ngaronga tangent (Df), ka taea te whakaiti i te ngaronga tohu, te whakarite i te pono o te tohu, me te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te tuku tohu auau-tiketike.

Q7. Ko ēhea ngā taputapu hiko kaha-teitei e tika ana mō ngā PCB whakarewa?

He pai ngā PCB whakarewa mō ngā momo taputapu hiko mana-teitei. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā kōwae hiko, he nui te wera e puta ana i te wā e whakahaerehia ana, ā, ka taea e ngā PCB whakarewa te whakakore i te wera kia pai ai te mahi. Mō ngā taputapu rama LED, ka taea e rātou te whakakore tere i te wera e puta mai ana i ngā LED, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te rama me te roa o te ora o ngā rama. Mō ngā ara iahiko taraiwa motuka, ka taea e rātou te āwhina ki te whakakore i te wera e puta ana i te wā e whakahaerehia ana te motuka, ka whakarite kia pumau te mahi o te ara iahiko.

Q8. He aha ngā āhuatanga hangarau matua o ngā PCB HDI?

Ko ngā āhuatanga hangarau matua o ngā PCB HDI ko te whakamahinga o ngā diameter via iti (Micro-Via, he iti iho i te 0.1mm), e hangaia ana mā roto i ngā hangarau matatau pēnei i te keri laser me te whakairo plasma; he rārangi angiangi (Fine Line), ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā waea angiangi me te whānui rārangi/te pikinga rārangi he iti iho i te 30μm/30μm; te whakamahi i te hangarau hanga-ake hei whakanui ake i te maha o ngā paparanga me te whakatutuki i te hononga kiato-teitei; me te hototahi pai ki te tukanga huihuinga hangarau whakairi mata (SMT), e tika ana mō ngā hiahia o ngā taputapu hiko iti.

P9. He aha ngā momo paparanga tine mata mō ngā PCB kua rehuhia ki te tine?

Ko ngā momo paparanga tine mata mō ngā PCB rehu-tine ko te tine parakore (Pure Tin), te koranu tine-mata (Tin-Mata), me te rehu tine kore-mata, pērā i te Sn-Cu (tin-parahi koranu), Sn-Ag-Cu (tin-hiriwa-parahi koranu), me ētahi atu. Ko te rehu tine kore-mata he momo kua rongonui haere kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga tiaki taiao.

Q10. He aha i whakamahia ai ngā PCB whakakikoruatia ki te koura i roto i ngā taputapu hiko kounga teitei?

He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā PCB whakakikoruatia ki te koura i roto i ngā taputapu hiko kounga teitei nā te mea ka taea e te koura whakarewa e kapi ana i tōna mata (kua wehea ki te koura mārō me te koura ngohengohe) te whakarato i te kawe hiko pai, te whakaiti i te ātete pa, me te whakarite i te pono o ngā hononga hiko. I taua wā anō, he tino pai te mahi ārai-waikura o te koura, ka taea te ātete pai ki te waikura taiao me te waikura matū, te whakaroa i te roa o te mahi o te papa hiko, me te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga tino pakari o ngā taputapu hiko kounga teitei pēnei i te rererangi, ngā taputapu hauora, me ngā teihana whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mō te pono me te pumau.

Q11. He aha ngā mea hei aro atu māu ina penapena ana i ngā PCB OSP?

Ka pania ngā mata o ngā PCB OSP ki te kiriata tiaki whakarewa waro. He poto noa te roa o te rokiroki, ā, me aro nui ki te ārai i te makuku. Me penapena ki te taiao maroke, iti te makuku hei karo i te pakaru o te kiriata tiaki whakarewa waro nā te makuku, ka pā pea ki te kaha whakarewa o te papa ara iahiko. I taua wā anō, me aro nui hoki ki te horoi mata hei ārai i te puehu me ngā poke kei poke i te mata o te papa ara iahiko, ka pā pea ki te mahi whakarewa me te whakamahinga i muri mai.

Q12. He aha ngā whakaritenga mahi a ngā papa rorohiko mō ngā PCB?

He whakaritenga kei ngā papa rorohiko pēnei i ngā papahoahoa, ngā kāri whakairoiro, me ngā papa tūmau mō ngā āheinga tukatuka raraunga tere-teitei me te tuku raraunga o ngā PCB. Me tautoko e rātou ngā kawa tuku tohu tere-teitei pēnei i te pahi PCI-E, ngā atanga USB, me ngā atanga SATA. Me pai te mahi hiko hei whakarite i te pono me te pumau o te tohu. Me whakauru e te papahoahoa ngā momo wāhanga matua, pēnei i te chipset, te maramara BIOS, me te ara iahiko tuku hiko, me ētahi atu, me whai tahora whaitake te PCB me te taumata whakauru teitei. Me tautoko hoki e ngā papa tūmau ngā CPU maha me te mahara kaha-nui, ka nui ake ngā whakaritenga mō te kaha kawe me te pono o te PCB.

Q13. He aha i tika ai kia tino pono ngā papa waka?Ka whakamahia ngā papa waka ki ngā pūnaha hiko o te waka. I te wā e taraiwa ana, ka pāngia ngā waka e ngā āhuatanga taiao uaua, pērā i te wiri, te pānga, me ngā huringa o ngā pāmahana teitei me te iti (e hiahiatia ana kia mahi noa i roto i te awhe pāmahana mai i te -40°C ki te 125°C). Mena kāore i te tino pono te papa waka, ka raru pea te pūnaha hiko o te waka, ka pā ki te mahi noa o te waka me te haumaru o te taraiwa. Nō reira, me tino pono ngā papa waka kia mau ai te mahi i roto i ngā taiao uaua.

P14. He aha te mahi a te papa IC (papa kawe IC) i roto i te takai maramara?

Ko te mahi matua a te papa IC (papa kawe IC) he hono i te maramara me te ara iahiko o waho i roto i te takai maramara. Hei tauira, ko ngā tikanga takai pēnei i te takai BGA (Ball Grid Array), te takai QFN (Quad Flat No-Lead), me te takai FC (Flip Chip) me tutuki katoa ngā hononga pono mā te papa IC. Me whai āhuatanga o te hononga kiato teitei me te tino tika kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga o te maha o ngā tuku tohu i waenga i te maramara me te ara iahiko o waho. I taua wā anō, me whai whakaaro hoki ki te whakahaere whakamarara wera me te mahi hiko kia taea ai te whakamarara pai i te wera i puta i te wā e whakahaerehia ana te maramara, kia taea ai hoki te tuku pumau i te tohu, kia pai ai te mahi a te maramara.

P15. Me pēhea te hanga i ngā micro-vias o ngā papa micro-vias?

Ko ngā micro-vias o ngā papa micro-vias ka hangaia mā te keri taiaho, mā te hangarau whakairo plasma rānei. Ka whakamahia e te keri taiaho he hihi laser kaha-teitei hei whakamārama i te papa ara iahiko, ka mimiti tonu te rauemi hei hanga i ngā micro-vias. Ko te whakairo plasma, i tētahi atu ringa, ka whakamahia he plasma hei tauhohe matū ki te mata o te papa ara iahiko hei tango i ngā wāhanga kāore e hiahiatia, ā, ka hangaia he diameter vias iti, pērā i ngā micro-vias matapo me ngā micro-vias tanumia, me ētahi atu, hei whakatutuki i te waea kiato teitei.