Ibyiciro bya Moduli

Guteranya PCB

1. PCBA ni iki?

PCBA ni incamake ya Printed Circuit Board Assembly, yerekeza ku gikorwa cyo gusodera ibice by'ikoranabuhanga kuri PCB kugira ngo habeho sisitemu yuzuye y'uruziga. Ni intambwe y'ingenzi mu gukora ibicuruzwa by'ikoranabuhanga.
2. Ni ubuhe buryo bw'ingenzi bwo guteranya PCB?

By’umwihariko ikoranabuhanga ryo gukoresha mu gupfumura imyobo (THT), ikoranabuhanga ryo gushyiramo ibintu ku butaka (SMT), n’ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza. Ibice bya THT bipfumura imyobo bifite imigozi inyura mu myobo, ibice bya SMT bipfumura ku buso bwa PCB, kandi ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza byombi ribihuza.
3. Ni izihe ntambwe z'ingenzi mu guteranya PCB?

Intambwe zirimo gutegura ibikoresho, kugenzura PCB, SMT (gucapa ifu y'umushongi, gushyira ibice, kongera gukoresha soldering), THT (gutunganya icyuma gikozwe mu ruziga, gusodera mu mabuye), gusudira, gupima ubuziranenge, gusukura no gusiga, no guteranya burundu.
4. Kuki guteranya PCB ari ingenzi ku bicuruzwa by'ikoranabuhanga?

Ihuza ibice bitandukanye hakurikijwe imiterere, bigatuma habaho imikorere nko gutunganya ibimenyetso no guhindura ingufu. Ni intambwe y'ingenzi yo guhindura imiterere mo ibintu bifatika.
5. Ese inzira yo guteranya PCB irahamye?

Uburyo bw'ibanze burasa, ariko buhindurwa bitewe n'uburemere bw'ibicuruzwa, ubwoko bw'ibice, ingano y'umusaruro, nibindi. Urugero, ibicuruzwa bito bito bishobora kongeramo igenzura ry'intoki, mu gihe umusaruro mwinshi wibanda ku buryo bwikora.
6. Ikoranabuhanga rya THT ni iki n'imiterere yaryo?

THT ni ikoranabuhanga rikoresha imiyoboro, aho ibice bifite ibyuma bishyirwa mu myobo yo gusodesha. Ibyiza: imbaraga nyinshi za mashini, zikwiriye ibice bifite amashanyarazi menshi; Ingaruka mbi: umwanya munini ukoreshwa, ubushobozi buke.
7. Ikoranabuhanga rya SMT ni iki n'ibyiza byaryo?

SMT ni ikoranabuhanga ryo gushyira ibintu ku butaka, rifite ibyiza byo guteranya ibintu byinshi, ingano nto y'ibice byabyo, kuba rikwiriye gukorwa mu buryo bwikora, gukora neza cyane, kandi igiciro cyaryo ni gito.
8. Ikoranabuhanga ry’ibinyabutabire rikoreshwa ryari?

Ikoranabuhanga rya Hybrid rikoreshwa iyo ibicuruzwa bikeneye gukoresha imbaraga nyinshi za THT/imbaraga za mekanike ndetse n'ubucucike bwinshi/ubuto bwa SMT, nk'imashini z'amashanyarazi zifite inductors zo mu mucyo n'udupira two gushyira hejuru.
9. Ni ibihe bintu bigira ingaruka ku kiguzi cyo guteranya PCB?

Biterwa n'ikiguzi cy'ibice, umubare/ingano/uburemere bwa PCB, ingorane zo guteranya, ingano y'umusaruro, ibisabwa mu igeragezwa, nibindi. Amatsinda manini agabanya ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho, mu gihe inzira zigoye zongerera ikiguzi.
10. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y’ibisabwa mu guteranya PCB ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye by’ikoranabuhanga?

Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa n'abaguzi: ikiguzi gito, ubucucike bwinshi, miniaturization; Kugenzura inganda: gutuza, kurwanya kubangamira; Ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi: ubwiza n'ubudahemuka, bisaba kubahiriza amahame cyane.
11. Ni gute ibikoresho bya PCB bigira ingaruka ku guteranya?

Ibikoresho bisanzwe nka FR-4 (imiterere myiza y'amashanyarazi/mekanike ku bicuruzwa rusange) na CEM-1 (igiciro gito ariko imikorere yayo iri hasi). Ingano y'ubushyuhe igira ingaruka ku buryo buhamye bwo gusoda; itandukaniro rinini rishobora gutera ibibazo by'imihangayiko.
12. Ni gute wahitamo umubare w'urwego rwa PCB n'ingaruka zarwo?

Hitamo ukurikije uburyo urusobe rw'uru ...
13. Ni izihe mbogamizi zo guteranya PCB?

PCB nini cyane zirenze urugero rw'ibikoresho; izidafite ubunini buhagije zitera ingorane mu kuyikoresha/kuyishyira mu bushyuhe, zigira ingaruka ku miterere y'ibice byayo no ku gushonga k'ubushyuhe.
14. Kuki igishushanyo mbonera cy'udupira ari ingenzi mu guteranya?

Ingano y'urupapuro, imiterere n'intera bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bwiza bw'urupapuro. Udupapuro duto cyane dutuma ingingo zumuka; intera iri hafi cyane ituma habaho guhuza imiyoboro migufi.
15. Ni gute PCB irangizwa n'urusobe rw'ibikoresho bigira ingaruka ku guteranya ibikoresho?

Gupima umwuka ushyushye (HASL): igiciro gito ariko uburebure buke, bigira ingaruka ku gushonga neza; zahabu idafite amashanyarazi ya nikeli (ENIG): ubushobozi bwo gushonga neza, ubwiza bwo hejuru, igiciro kinini; Kurinda gushonga mu buryo bw'umwimerere (OSP): birinda umuringa, igiciro kiringaniye, ibisabwa mu kubika neza.
16. Ni gute wagenzura ubwiza bwa PCB?

Igenzura ry'amaso (gushwanyagurika, guhindagurika), isuzuma ry'ibikoresho biguruka/ikoranabuhanga (guhuza), isesengura rya metallographic (imiterere y'imbere/gushyiramo irangi).
17. Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura bukenewe mbere yo guteranya PCB?

Gusukura kugira ngo bikureho imyanda; PCB zavuwe na OSP zikenera gutekwa kugira ngo zikureho ubushuhe kandi hirindwe ko uduheri two gusora.
18. Ni uruhe ruhare rw'amadosiye y'igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB mu guteranya?

Dosiye z'igishushanyo nka Gerber zigaragaza imiterere y'ibice n'aho byashyizwe, zigashingira ku guteranya kugira ngo hamenyekane ko igishushanyo mbonera cyujuje ibisabwa.
19. Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'amakosa mu gushushanya PCB mu guteranya?

Ibice ntibishobora gushyirwaho, imiyoboro migufi/ifunguye y'amashanyarazi, impanuka y'amajwi, ubushyuhe budakwirakwira neza, bigatera ibibazo mu mikorere cyangwa imikorere mibi.
20. Ni gute wakwita ku buryo bwo gukora ibintu mu gishushanyo mbonera cya PCB?

Imiterere y'ibice ikwiye (irinde ahantu hanini/hagoye kugera), imiterere myiza y'aho hantu, guhuza SMT/THT, gushyira imyobo, no kuyiyobora kugira ngo hirindwe inguni zityaye n'imirongo miremire.
21. Ni gute wahitamo ibice bikwiranye n'iteranywa rya PCB?

Tekereza imikorere y'amashanyarazi (guhuza ibipimo), guhuza ipaki na padi, kwizera, ikiguzi, no kudahindagurika kw'ibikoresho.
22. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibice bigize ipaki n'ingaruka zabyo?

Pake zinyura mu mwobo (urugero, DIP) kuri THT, umwanya munini; Pake zishyirwa ku buso (urugero, SOP/BGA) kuri SMT, ubucucike bwinshi ariko bigoye cyane gusora (urugero, BGA isaba kugenzura ubushyuhe neza).
23. Ni gute ubushobozi bwo gusora icyuma cya lisansi bugira ingaruka ku guteranya?

Kudakoresha neza ibirungo bitera ingingo zumye no gushonga kw'ikinyoma. Ibyuma bifite ogisijeni/amavuta bigomba kuvurwa mbere (gusukura, gukata mu gikoni).
24. Ni gute wamenya niba ibice bihuye no kongera gusoda/guhindura umuraba?

Guhindura imiterere y'icyuma gishongesha bikwiranye n'ibice bya SMT; gushushanya hakoreshejwe umuraba bikwiranye n'umwobo n'ibice binini bya SMT. Ibisobanuro birambuye akenshi bigaragaza uburyo bihuye.
25. Ni gute wakwizeza ko ibice by'umutungo bifite ubuziranenge mu micungire y'ibikoresho?

Gupima ubushyuhe/ubukonje bugenzurwa (FIFO), ubushyuhe/ubukonje bugenzurwa (20-25℃, 40%-60%RH), gupima buri gihe, no gupima/gukuraho ibice byamaze igihe/ibikekwa.
26. Ni izihe ngaruka zo gukoresha ibice bitari byo?

Imikorere idahwitse ya circuit (ibipimo bitari byo, impanuka ya chip), imikorere migufi/iy'umubyigano, no kwangirika kwa PCB n'ibindi bice.
27. Ni gute wagenzura ibice byinjira?

Igenzura ry’amaso (ibyangiritse, oxidation y’icyuma), isuzuma ry’ibipimo by’amashanyarazi (multimeter/LCR meter), n’isuzuma ry’imikorere y’ibice by’ingenzi (urugero, kugenzura porogaramu ya chip).
28. Ni gute stress y'ubushyuhe igira ingaruka ku bice mu gihe cyo gusora?

Ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora gutuma ingingo z’imbere zigwa mu tumashini cyangwa kwangirika kwa dielectric muri capacitors, bigatera imihindagurikire cyangwa kwangirika. Imiterere y’ubushyuhe n’igihe bigomba kugenzurwa.
29. Ni gute wakwizeza icyerekezo gikwiye cy'ibice bya polarized?

Ibimenyetso bya polarized (urugero, capacitor ±, diode arrows) bishyirwa ku dupapuro twa PCB. Gushyiraho intoki bisaba kugenzura ibintu mu buryo bugaragara; ibikoresho byikora bisaba ibipimo bya polarized byateguwe.
30. Ni ibihe bisabwa ku bidukikije ibice bifite ubuhanga buhanitse?

Isaba ubushyuhe/ubushuhe bugenzurwa (± 2℃, 40%-60% RH) n'uburinzi bwa ESD (ubutaka burwanya static, imishumi y'intoki, imyenda yo gukora) kugira ngo hirindwe ko parameters zihindagurika kandi ESD yangirika.
31. Ihame ryo gusoda no gushyushya amazi ni iki n'imiterere y'ubushyuhe?

Ihame: Gucapa ifu yo gushonga → gushyira ibice → Gushyushya kugira ngo ifu ishonge → Gukonjesha kugira ngo ifu ishonge. Imiterere y'ubushyuhe: Shyushya (1-3℃/s kugeza 150-180℃), kwiyica (180-200℃, 60-120s), kongera gusohoka (agahebuzo ka 217-235℃, 30-90s), gukonjesha (3-6℃/s).
32. Ihame ryo gusodera mu miyoboro y'amazi n'ibice bikwiranye ni iki?

Ihame: Gusoda amazi birema umuraba, kandi ibyuma bya PCB birasoda iyo binyura. Bikwiriye ibice binini bya SMT n'ibice binini bya SMT.
33. Ni ryari gukoresha intoki mu gusora n'uburyo bwo kwirinda?

Imikoreshereze: Gushushanya, gusana, no gukurura ahantu hagoye kugera mu buryo bwikora. Amabwiriza yo kwirinda: Ibyuma bishongesha 20-60W, insinga zishongesha 0.5-1.0mm, ubushyuhe 300-350℃, igihe 3-5s, gusukura mbere, no gusuzuma nyuma yo kubigenzura.
34. Ni ibihe bisabwa kugira ngo umuntu ahitemo gusoda?

Hitamo hakurikijwe uburyo: Ifu idafite icyuma gishyushya (Sn-Ag-Cu, 217-227℃) yo kongera gusohoka; utubati twa solder dufite icyuma gishyushya (Sn-Pb, 183℃ kuri solder) yo gupfunyika mu mazi; insinga ya solder yo gupfunyika mu mavuta, ukurikije ubushobozi bwo kunywera n'igiciro.
35. Ni gute wakwizeza ko ubuziranenge bw'ibirungo bishongeshwa?

Ibipimo by'imikorere yo kugenzura (imiterere y'ubushyuhe, igihe cyo gusoda), gupima ibikoresho, guhugura abakozi, gukoresha ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa, kugenzura AOI/X-Ray, no kuvugurura ibitagenda neza ku gihe.
36. Ni ibihe bibazo n'ibisubizo bisanzwe byo gusoda?

Ingingo yumye: Hindura ubushyuhe, wongere igihe, sukura ubuso; Umuyoboro mugufi: Gabanya isuri, tunganya imiterere; Guhuza: Hindura ingano ya serivise, imiterere y'ubushyuhe; Sorivise idahagije: Ongera isuri, tunganya imikorere; Sorivise idahagije: Ongeraho isuri, hindura ubushyuhe.
37. Ni izihe nshingano z'ihindagurika ry'impinduka n'uburyo bwo guhitamo?

Inshingano: Kuraho ogisijeni, kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'ubuso, kongera ubushobozi bwo gutonyanga. Ubwoko: Inorganic (ibikorwa byinshi, kwangiza, bisaba gusukurwa), organic (ibikorwa biringaniye, kwangiza bike, bisaba gusukurwa), ishingiye kuri rosin (isanzwe, idangiza, idasukuye). Hitamo hakurikijwe uburyo n'ibicuruzwa bikorerwamo.
38. Ni gute agaciro ka Tg ka PCB gagira ingaruka ku mikorere yo guteranya?

Agaciro ka Tg kagena uburyo ubushyuhe budashobora guhagarara. FR-4 isanzwe ifite Tg ~ 130-140℃, mu gihe ibikoresho bifite Tg nyinshi (≥ 170℃) bihangana n'ubushyuhe bwo gusubira inyuma bwa 250℃, bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika. Uburyo bwo kudakoresha lisansi busaba Tg≥ 150℃.
39. Ni iyihe nzira ntarengwa yo gukoresha kugira ngo ubugari/intera nto y'umurongo bibe?

SMT isanzwe: 4/4mil (0.1/0.1mm); Imikorere ya HDI igera kuri 2/2mil (0.05/0.05mm) hamwe n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gushyiramo neza no gutwikira umuringa udafite amashanyarazi.
40. Ni gute washushanya ingano z'udupira tw'ibice bya paki?

Kurikira IPC-7351: Ubugari bwa padi ya QFP + 0.1-0.2mm ugereranije n'ubugari bw'agapira; padi ya 0603 isaba 0.65×0.65mm kuri padi ya solder ya 0.04-0.06mg kuri buri padi.
41. Ni ibihe bintu bisanzwe bigize alloy hamwe n'aho gushonga kw'ibice bidafite lisansi bishongeshwa?

SAC305 ikomeye (96.5Sn/3.0Ag/0.5Cu) ishonga kuri 217℃, ikaba iri hejuru ya 34℃ ugereranyije na Sn-Pb eutectic (183℃), ikaba isaba ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo kongera gusohoka.
42. Ni gute wahitamo ubunini bwa stencil kugira ngo ukoreshe imashini yo gucapa ikoresheje solder?

Ibice 0402: stencil ya 0.12mm; 0.5mm pitch BGA: stencil ya 0.1mm ifite umwanya wa 85% wo gufungura kugira ngo hirindwe ko imipira yo gusoda ikoreshwa.
43. Ni ubuhe buryo ntarengwa bwo kwihanganira ikoreshwa ry’imashini zicapa?

IPC-A-610: Ingano y'ubugari bwa padi ikoreshwa mu gusoda ≤25%; ≤0.1mm kuri QFP ya 0.4mm.
44. Ni gute uburyo imashini zitoragura zishyirwamo neza?

Imashini zigezweho (urugero, Fuji NXT) zifite Cpk≥1.33, ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo XY ±25μm, θ accuracy ±0.5°, zikwiriye ibice bya 0201 na 0.3mm pitch BGA.
45. Ni gute igitutu cyo gushyiramo bigira ingaruka ku bice bigize ikintu?

Igitutu cyo gushyiramo MLCC: 0.3-0.5N (ibyago byo kwangirika ku gitutu cyinshi); QFP leads: 0.8-1.2N ku bijyanye n'ubushyuhe.
46. Ni gute wakwirinda gutwika imva mu gihe cyo kuzishyira mu mva?

Ongera uburyo bwo gushyiramo neza (± 0.05mm), reba neza ingano ya solder paste, gira ngo uhindure umuvuduko wa ramp ≤3℃/s kugira ngo ugabanye ubushyuhe.
47. Ni ibihe bipimo bisanzwe by'ubushyuhe mu gusoda idafite lisansi?

Shyushya (150-180℃): 1-2℃/s; shyiramo amazi (180-210℃): 60-90s; kongera gushyuha 245-255℃, ≥217℃ kuri 60-90s; konjesha 2-4℃/s.
48. Ni izihe nyungu n'ikiguzi byo gusoda azote?

Azote (O₂＜500ppm) igabanya ogisijeni kandi ikongera ubushobozi bwo gutose, ariko yongeraho 15-20% mu ikiguzi cyo gutunganya, ikaba ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo bwizewe cyane.
49. Ni iyihe ngingo ngenderwaho yo kwemererwa gukoresha BGA mu buryo butari bwo?

IPC-A-610 Icyiciro cya 3: Ubuso bw'ubusa ≤10% by'ubuso bw'umupira w'amashanyarazi; porogaramu z'ingenzi (urugero, imodoka) zisaba ≤5%.
50. Ni gute wahindura uburebure bw'umuraba mu gusoda kw'umuraba?

Gusodesha hakoreshejwe imiraba ibiri: Umuraba uhindagurika winjira mu mazi ugana ku bugari bwa PCB 1/3-1/2; uburebure bw'umuraba bungana na mm 0.5-1 munsi y'ubuso bwa PCB.
51. Ni gute flux y'ibintu bikomeye igira ingaruka ku gusora?

Gutemba kw'amazi bidasukuye: ingano ikomeye 10%) yongera ubushobozi bwo gutonyanga ariko yongera ibyago byo gusigazwa kw'amazi, bigasaba gusukurwa neza.
52. Ni gute wahuza ubushyuhe bwo gusodera ku muraba n'umuvuduko w'umuyoboro w'amazi?

Ku bushyuhe bwa 245-255℃, umuvuduko ni 1.2-1.8m/min; PCB z'umuringa zigizwe n'ubugari zikenera 1m/min kugira ngo zigere ku kuzuza.
53. Ni gute ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gishongeshwa bugira ingaruka ku bwiza?

Gusodesha nta lisansi: ubushyuhe bwo ku mpande ya 350-380℃, igihe cyo gukoranaho n'amasegonda ≤3. Ubushyuhe bwinshi butera guterura cyangwa ogisijeni y'isansi.
54. Ni gute wahuza no kongera gutunganya BGAs mu gihe cyo kuzivugurura?

Sisitemu zo guhuza amashusho (±25μm accuracy) hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gushushanya bitanga isura ya 0.1mm hagati y'imipira yo gusoda na pads.
55. Ni ubuhe bushyuhe n'umuvuduko w'ikirere bitezwa imbere mu kuvugurura QFP hakoreshejwe imbunda zishyushye?

Shyushya 150-180℃, ubushyuhe bwo kuvugurura 320-350℃, umuvuduko w'umwuka 4-6 (20-30L/iminota) kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'umugozi.
56. Ni ibihe byiza n'ibibi byo gusukura amazi ugereranyije n'ibinyabutabire?

Amazi: ntangiza ibidukikije ariko bisaba ubushyuhe bwinshi (60-80℃), ibyago byo kwangirika; Umushongi (urugero, NMP): ukora neza ariko ukeneye ibikoresho bidashobora guturika, amabwiriza ya VOC.
57. Ni iki gipimo ngenderwaho cy’ibisigazwa bya iyoni nyuma yo gusukurwa?

IPC-TM-650: Ibisigazwa bya Ionic ＜1.5μg/cm² NaCl bingana, ubushobozi bwo kwirinda gukingira ubuso ＞10⁹Ω.
58. Igipimo cy’ubusembwa bw’igenzura rya AOI ni ikihe?

AOI yihuta cyane itwikira ≥95% by'ibice bya 0402, ＞98% ku bijyanye n'imirongo ya QFP igenda ihuza/ibura, ariko ihangana n'icyuho cy'imbere cya BGA.
59. Ni ikihe gipimo ntarengwa cyo gusuzuma X-Ray?

Micro-focus X-Ray igera ku burebure bwa 5μm, ikamenya ingingo za BGA za 0.3mm n'imbere muri PCB ifite urwego rwa 20.
60. Uburyo bwo kumenya amakuru arambuye kuri ICT ni ubuhe?

Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ripima neza cyane rifunguka munsi ya 0.1Ω, rifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'inzara 100mΩ.
61. Ni izihe mbogamizi zo kwinjiza ubushuhe kuri PCB mu bihe bitandukanye?

IPC-J-STD-033: Ibice bya MSL ku rwego rwa 3 ≤ amasaha 168 kuri 30℃/60%RH; teka kuri 125℃ mu gihe cy'amasaha 4-8 niba birengeje.
62. Ni gute wasuzuma imbaraga z'ingufu z'inyunganiramitsi z'urusoda?

Ingingo 0603: imbaraga nke zo gukurura ≥1.5N; Ibyuma bya QFP: imbaraga zo gukata ≥5N, kuri IPC-9701.
63. Ni uruhe rugero rwemewe rw'urupapuro rwa PCB?

IPC-A-600: ≤1.5%; PCB za BGA ≤0.7% kugira ngo hirindwe ingingo zumye.
64. Ni iyihe fatizo y'ibyangiritse bya ESD ku bice?

Ibikoresho bya CMOS bifite ubushobozi bwo gupima HBM
65. Ni iyihe miterere y'ikiguzi cya PCBA y'umuvuduko muto?

Igiciro cy'ibikoresho ni 40-50%, gutunganya (harimo no guta agaciro) ni 30-40%, igenzura ni 10-20%. Igiciro cy'ibikoresho ni 30-50% hejuru y'umusaruro mwinshi.

Guteranya PCB

1. PCBA ni iki?

2. Ni ubuhe buryo bw'ingenzi bwo guteranya PCB?

3. Ni izihe ntambwe z'ingenzi mu guteranya PCB?

4. Kuki guteranya PCB ari ingenzi ku bicuruzwa by'ikoranabuhanga?

5. Ese inzira yo guteranya PCB irahamye?

6. Ikoranabuhanga rya THT ni iki n'imiterere yaryo?

7. Ikoranabuhanga rya SMT ni iki n'ibyiza byaryo?

8. Ikoranabuhanga ry’ibinyabutabire rikoreshwa ryari?

9. Ni ibihe bintu bigira ingaruka ku kiguzi cyo guteranya PCB?

10. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y’ibisabwa mu guteranya PCB ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye by’ikoranabuhanga?

11. Ni gute ibikoresho bya PCB bigira ingaruka ku guteranya?

12. Ni gute wahitamo umubare w'urwego rwa PCB n'ingaruka zarwo?

13. Ni izihe mbogamizi zo guteranya PCB?

14. Kuki igishushanyo mbonera cy'udupira ari ingenzi mu guteranya?

15. Ni gute PCB irangizwa n'urusobe rw'ibikoresho bigira ingaruka ku guteranya ibikoresho?

16. Ni gute wagenzura ubwiza bwa PCB?

17. Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura bukenewe mbere yo guteranya PCB?

18. Ni uruhe ruhare rw'amadosiye y'igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB mu guteranya?

19. Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'amakosa mu gushushanya PCB mu guteranya?

20. Ni gute wakwita ku buryo bwo gukora ibintu mu gishushanyo mbonera cya PCB?

21. Ni gute wahitamo ibice bikwiranye n'iteranywa rya PCB?

22. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibice bigize ipaki n'ingaruka zabyo?

23. Ni gute ubushobozi bwo gusora icyuma cya lisansi bugira ingaruka ku guteranya?

24. Ni gute wamenya niba ibice bihuye no kongera gusoda/guhindura umuraba?

25. Ni gute wakwizeza ko ibice by'umutungo bifite ubuziranenge mu micungire y'ibikoresho?

26. Ni izihe ngaruka zo gukoresha ibice bitari byo?

27. Ni gute wagenzura ibice byinjira?

28. Ni gute stress y'ubushyuhe igira ingaruka ku bice mu gihe cyo gusora?

29. Ni gute wakwizeza icyerekezo gikwiye cy'ibice bya polarized?

30. Ni ibihe bisabwa ku bidukikije ibice bifite ubuhanga buhanitse?

31. Ihame ryo gusoda no gushyushya amazi ni iki n'imiterere y'ubushyuhe?

32. Ihame ryo gusodera mu miyoboro y'amazi n'ibice bikwiranye ni iki?

33. Ni ryari gukoresha intoki mu gusora n'uburyo bwo kwirinda?

34. Ni ibihe bisabwa kugira ngo umuntu ahitemo gusoda?

35. Ni gute wakwizeza ko ubuziranenge bw'ibirungo bishongeshwa?

36. Ni ibihe bibazo n'ibisubizo bisanzwe byo gusoda?

37. Ni izihe nshingano z'ihindagurika ry'impinduka n'uburyo bwo guhitamo?

38. Ni gute agaciro ka Tg ka PCB gagira ingaruka ku mikorere yo guteranya?

39. Ni iyihe nzira ntarengwa yo gukoresha kugira ngo ubugari/intera nto y'umurongo bibe?

40. Ni gute washushanya ingano z'udupira tw'ibice bya paki?

41. Ni ibihe bintu bisanzwe bigize alloy hamwe n'aho gushonga kw'ibice bidafite lisansi bishongeshwa?

42. Ni gute wahitamo ubunini bwa stencil kugira ngo ukoreshe imashini yo gucapa ikoresheje solder?

43. Ni ubuhe buryo ntarengwa bwo kwihanganira ikoreshwa ry’imashini zicapa?

44. Ni gute uburyo imashini zitoragura zishyirwamo neza?

45. Ni gute igitutu cyo gushyiramo bigira ingaruka ku bice bigize ikintu?

46. ​​Ni gute wakwirinda gutwika imva mu gihe cyo kuzishyira mu mva?

47. Ni ibihe bipimo bisanzwe by'ubushyuhe mu gusoda idafite lisansi?

48. Ni izihe nyungu n'ikiguzi byo gusoda azote?

49. Ni iyihe ngingo ngenderwaho yo kwemererwa gukoresha BGA mu buryo butari bwo?

50. Ni gute wahindura uburebure bw'umuraba mu gusoda kw'umuraba?

51. Ni gute flux y'ibintu bikomeye igira ingaruka ku gusora?

52. Ni gute wahuza ubushyuhe bwo gusodera ku muraba n'umuvuduko w'umuyoboro w'amazi?

53. Ni gute ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gishongeshwa bugira ingaruka ku bwiza?

54. Ni gute wahuza no kongera gutunganya BGAs mu gihe cyo kuzivugurura?

55. Ni ubuhe bushyuhe n'umuvuduko w'ikirere bitezwa imbere mu kuvugurura QFP hakoreshejwe imbunda zishyushye?

56. Ni ibihe byiza n'ibibi byo gusukura amazi ugereranyije n'ibinyabutabire?

57. Ni iki gipimo ngenderwaho cy’ibisigazwa bya iyoni nyuma yo gusukurwa?

58. Igipimo cy’ubusembwa bw’igenzura rya AOI ni ikihe?

59. Ni ikihe gipimo ntarengwa cyo gusuzuma X-Ray?

60. Uburyo bwo kumenya amakuru arambuye kuri ICT ni ubuhe?

61. Ni izihe mbogamizi zo kwinjiza ubushuhe kuri PCB mu bihe bitandukanye?

62. Ni gute wasuzuma imbaraga z'ingufu z'inyunganiramitsi z'urusoda?

63. Ni uruhe rugero rwemewe rw'urupapuro rwa PCB?

64. Ni iyihe fatizo y'ibyangiritse bya ESD ku bice?

65. Ni iyihe miterere y'ikiguzi cya PCBA y'umuvuduko muto?

46. Ni gute wakwirinda gutwika imva mu gihe cyo kuzishyira mu mva?