Ibyiciro bya Moduli

Binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gushyiramo imyobo THT

1. Ibitekerezo n'amahame shingiro

1. Ikoranabuhanga rya Through Hole (THT) ni iki?

THT ni ikoranabuhanga rishyira ibice by'ikoranabuhanga mu mwobo wa PCB kandi rigahuza amashanyarazi n'uburyo ashyirwamo binyuze mu gusora. Ni imwe mu nzira zisanzwe zo guteranya amashanyarazi.
2. Ni irihe tandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati ya THT na Surface Mount Technology (SMT)?

- Ibyuma bya THT bisaba gusodeshwa mu mwobo unyura mu kirere, mu gihe ibice bya SMT bishyirwa ku buso bwa PCB.

- THT ifite umusaruro muke kandi ifite umwanya munini; SMT itanga umusaruro mwinshi n'ubucucike (amakuru ya IPC: ubucucike bwa SMT bungana inshuro 3-5 ugereranyije na THT).

- THT ikwiriye ibice bikomeye/binini; SMT ikwiriye ibice bito/binini cyane.
3. Ni uruhe ruhererekane rw'imikorere y'ibanze ya THT?

Gutegura ibice → Gushyiramo → Gusodera (gusodera mu buryo rusange, gusodera mu buryo bw'intoki/gusodera mu buryo bw'ibice byihariye) → Gukata icyuma cy'ubutare → Igenzura
4. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibice by'ikoranabuhanga bikwiriye THT?

- Ibice bifite ingufu nyinshi (urugero: transistors z'amashanyarazi, transformers, capacitors nini z'amashanyarazi)

- Ibice bisaba imbaraga nyinshi za mekanike (urugero, imiyoboro)

- Ibice bifite intera nini y'urushundura kandi nta buhanga buhagije bisabwa
5. Ni iyihe minimum via diameter kuri PCB muri THT process?

Uburyo busanzwe: 0.8mm; Uburyo bwihariye: 0.4mm (hamwe n'igiciro n'ingorane byiyongera cyane)

2. Uburyo bwo gucunga ibice n'uburyo bwo gufata pin

6. Ni izihe miterere zisanzwe z'ibice bya THT?

- Ibyuma bigororotse (bikwiriye imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga)

- Ibyuma bipfutse (urugero, ubwoko bwa J, ubwoko bwa L, byongera ubudahangarwa bw'imashini nyuma yo gusogongera)
7. Ni ibihe bisabwa kugira ngo ibikoresho bisonerwe ku bikoresho bisonerwa?

Kuri IPC-J-STD-001: Kuri 235℃±5℃, yinjijwe mu nkono ya solder mu gihe cy'amasegonda 2-3, ubwinshi bwa solder ≥95%
8. Ni gute wakongera ubushobozi bwo gusora ibice by'insinga?

- Igipfundikizo cy'icyuma (urugero, Sn, Ag plating)

- Gukoresha flux mbere yo gusora kugira ngo ukureho urwego rwa oxide no kongera ubushobozi bwo kumena
9. Ni ubuhe burebure bukwiye bw'ibice bya THT?

Ubuso bw'icyuma gishongesha PCB: 2-3mm (bugufi cyane butera gushongesha nabi; burebure cyane bushobora gutuma imiyoboro migufi igabanuka kandi bigasaba gukata cyane)
10. Ni gute ibikoresho bitandukanye by'icyuma bigira ingaruka ku gusora?

- Umuringa: Uburyo bwiza bwo gusora, bukunze kugaragara cyane

- Ubutare: Bushobora kwangirika, ntibushobora gushongeshwa neza, bukenera ubuvuzi bwihariye

- Aloyi (urugero, aloyi z'umuringa): Ipima imbaraga n'ubushobozi bwo gusonerwa

3. Akanama gashinzwe imikorere y'uruziga (PCB) gafitanye isano

11. Ni ibihe bisabwa ku bikoresho bya PCB mu ikorwa rya THT?

Ikunze gukoresha substrate ya FR-4 ifite Tg ≥130℃, ifite ubushyuhe bwiza, imbaraga za mekanike, kandi irwanya ubushyuhe.
12. Ni ibihe bipimo ngenderwaho byo kwihanganira PCB vias?

- Ukoresheje umurambararo wo kwihanganira: ± 0.05mm

- Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira aho umwobo uherereye: ± 0.1mm
13. Ni gute wakwirinda guhindagurika kwa PCB mu gihe cyo gusoda THT?

- Hitamo ubugari bukwiye bwa substrate (ubusanzwe 1.6mm)

- Kunoza imiterere ya PCB (irinde ahantu hanini h’umuringa)

- Koresha impande z'imikorere n'ibikoresho byo gushyigikira
14. Ni gute ubukana bw'urukuta bugira ingaruka ku gusoda?

Agaciro ka Ra kagomba kugenzurwa kuri 1.6-3.2μm: Ubukana bwinshi butera kuzura nabi kw'ibirungo; kugorana cyane bigabanya ubushuhe
15. Ni ibihe bisabwa byihariye kuri PCB zifite ibyiciro byinshi muri THT?

- Bisaba guhuza neza hagati y’ibice (ubusanzwe bikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa CNC)

- Kwita ku gukingira hagati y'ibice bibiri mu gihe cyo gupfunyika kugira ngo wirinde imiyoboro migufi

4. Uburyo bwo gusudira - Gusodera mu mazi

16. Ni irihe hame ry'ibanze ryo gusodera mu miraba?

Pompe y'umushongi ishongesha umushongi mu muraba, maze PCB/imirongo irashongeshwa iyo inyuze mu muraba. Gushongesha umuraba mu buryo bubiri bigabanya guhuza no gukonja kw'imirongo.
17. Ubushyuhe busanzwe bwo gusoda mu gusoda mu buryo bw'umuraba ni ubuhe?

- Sn63Pb37 (ifite ubushyuhe bwa lisansi): 245℃ -255℃

- Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5 (idafite lisansi): 255℃-265℃
18. Igihe gisanzwe cyo gusora hakoreshejwe umuraba ni ikihe?

Igihe cyo gukorana n'umuraba w'insinga: amasegonda 2-4 (igihe gito cyane gitera gushonga nabi; igihe kirekire cyane gishobora kwangiza ibice cyangwa guhindura PCB)
19. Ni gute wahindura uburebure bw'umuraba mu gusoda kw'umuraba?

Uburebure bw'umuraba: 1/2-2/3 by'ubugari bwa PCB (bwahinduwe binyuze mu gutembera kw'ipompo ya solder n'umuvuduko wayo; hejuru cyane bituma habaho guhuza, hasi cyane bigatuma ipfundikirwa ritameze neza)
20. Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gukoresha flux mu gusoda imiraba n'imiterere yabwo?

- Spray: Ikoreshwa rito, ikoreshwa rimwe, ikwiriye gukoreshwa ku bwinshi
-gusora neza

- Ifuro: Ifite ubwinshi bwinshi, ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu gukurura
-urusobe rwa filime

- Umuraba: Ubushobozi bwo hejuru, imyanda myinshi

5. Uburyo bwo gusudira - Gusudira hakoreshejwe intoki n'ibindi

21. Ni gute wagenzura ubushyuhe n'igihe cyo gusora ibice bya THT n'intoki?

Ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gishongeshwa: 300℃-350℃; kuri buri ngingo: amasegonda 2-3 (wirinde kwangirika ku bushyuhe bwinshi)
22. Ni ibihe biranga n'ikoreshwa rya dip soldering?

Ibiranga: Ikoranabuhanga rikomeye ariko rishobora kwihuza; Imikoreshereze: Gukora PCB zoroshye nyinshi zifite intera nini y'urushundura
23. Ni izihe nyungu zo gusora neza?

Gusora hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gusora ahantu runaka, birinda ingaruka ku tundi duce. Bikwiriye ku mbaho za THT/SMT zivanze kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka ku bice bya SMT.
24. Ese gusoda bishobora gukoreshwa ku bice bya THT?

Guhindura imiterere y'icyuma gishongesha ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane cyane muri SMT. Bishobora gukoreshwa mu dusanduku twihariye twa THT (urugero, ibice bito/bike bifite ibikoresho byihariye), ariko si ibintu bisanzwe.
25. Ni ibihe bisabwa ku gusoda mu buryo butandukanye bwo gusoda?

- Gusodera umuraba: Gutemba cyane, kurwanya okiside

- Gushongesha hakoreshejwe intoki: Ahantu ho gushonga haciriritse, ubushobozi bwo kumena neza

- Gusora mu mazi: Gupfuka cyane

- Uburyo busanzwe: Gusora hakoreshejwe imiyoboro ya soldering/wave/dip, intoki zigasora insinga.

6. Solder na Flux

26. Ni ibihe bintu bisanzwe bigize THT solders?

Udupira dusanzwe turimo tin-lead (Sn63Pb37, eutectic point 183℃) n'utudafite lisansi (urugero, Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5, melting point 217℃). Udupira tudafite lisansi turimo gukoreshwa cyane kubera impamvu z'ibidukikije.
27. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y’ibisundiro bidafite icyuma n’ibisundiro bifite icyuma?

Utwuma tudafite icyuma dufite ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa 30-40°C kandi ntidushobora gushonga neza, bisaba ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gushonga no gukoresha neza uburyo ibintu bikorwamo, ariko twubahiriza amabwiriza ya RoHS.
28. Uruhare rw'ingenzi rw'ihindagurika ry'ikirere ni uruhe?

Ikuraho okiside ku buso bushongeshwa, igabanya ubukana bw'ubuso bushongeshwa, yongera ubushobozi bwo kumena, kandi ikarinda kongera gushongeshwa mu gihe cyo gushongeshwa.
29. Ni gute urwego rw'ibikorwa by'ihindagurika ry'amazi rushyirwa mu byiciro?

Bishyizwe mu byiciro kuri IPC-J-STD-001 nka R (ntibikora), RMA (ibikorwa biri hagati), na RA (bikora). Ibikorwa byinshi bifasha gukuraho okiside ariko bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwangirika kw'ibisigazwa.
30. Ni izihe ngaruka z'ibisigazwa by'amazi ku miyoboro y'amazi?

Bishobora gutera imiyoboro migufi, kuva kw'amazi, cyangwa kwangirika kw'ibice/PCB bitewe n'ibisigazwa bikora cyane, akenshi bigasaba gusukurwa nyuma yo gushongesha.

7. Ibikoresho n'ibikoresho

31. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwikora?

Ubwoko bw'ingenzi: butambitse (bukwiriye ibice by'axial nka resistor) n'ubuhagaze (bukwiriye ibice by'imirasire nka capacitors za electrolytic).
32. Ni ubuhe buryo busanzwe bwo gushyiramo ibikoresho byikora?

Imashini zigezweho zigira ubushobozi bwo gukora neza bwa ± 0.1mm, zikwiriye ibice byinshi bya THT.
33. Kubungabunga buri munsi imashini zikoresha umuraba bikubiyemo iki?

Gusukura buri gihe inkono zikoresha solder, gusimbuza solder, gupima ubushyuhe/uburebure bw'umuraba, gusukura sisitemu y'amazi, no gusiga amavuta mu buryo bwa mekanike.
34. Ni izihe ngingo z'ingenzi zo guhitamo no gukoresha ibikoresho byo gusora hakoreshejwe intoki?

Hitamo ibyuma bishongesha 30W-60W bifite imiterere itandukanye y'inkombe; shyiramo agace k'inkombe mbere yo gukoresha kugira ngo hirindwe ko byangirika.
35. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu bikorwa bya THT?

Harimo ibikoresho byo gushyiramo PCB, ibikoresho byo gufata ibice, n'ibikoresho byo gusoda kugira ngo harebwe neza aho ibintu biri kandi bihamye.

8. Kugenzura ubuziranenge no gusesengura inenge

36. Ni izihe nenge zikunze kugaragara mu gusoda kwa THT?

Imiyoboro ikonje, guhuza imiyoboro, guhuza imiyoboro idahagije, imipira yo guhuza imiyoboro, nibindi. Imiyoboro ikonje bivuze ko amashanyarazi adakora neza; guhuza imiyoboro bitera imiyoboro migufi hagati y’imiyoboro.
37. Ni izihe mpamvu n'ibisubizo by'indwara y'inkari n'imiti itera?

Impamvu: Ibyuma bya okiside, gusoda bidahagije, ubushyuhe/igihe kitari cyiza, imikorere y'ibyuma bike. Ibisubizo: Sukura ibyuma, hindura ibipimo, hitamo ibyuma bikwiye.
38. Ni izihe mpamvu n'ingamba zo kwirinda kugira ngo habeho ikiraro?

Impamvu: Gusoda cyane, uburebure bw'umuraba mwinshi, intera nto y'urushundura, ubwinshi bw'umuraba butaringaniye. Kwirinda: Kunoza ingano y'umuraba, uburebure bw'umuraba, imiterere ya PCB, n'ikoreshwa ry'umuraba.
39. Ni gute wasuzuma ubwiza bwa THT soldering?

Isuzuma ry'amaso (AOI), X-ray (AXI), isuzuma ry'amashanyarazi (ICT). Isuzuma ry'amaso ku bijyanye n'ubusembwa bw'imbere mu mubiri; X-ray ku ngingo z'imbere zikonje.
40. Ni ibihe bipimo ngenderwaho by'ubuziranenge mu gusoda THT?

Nk’uko IPC-A-610 ibivuga, imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi igomba kuba yoroshye, idafite imvune, ifite uburebure bwa ≥95% bw’umugozi n’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi yizewe.

9. Kurengera no Kubungabunga ibidukikije

41. Ni ibihe bisabwa ku bidukikije kugira ngo ibikorwa bya THT bigerweho?

Kuzuza amabwiriza ya RoHS kugira ngo urinde ibintu bishobora guteza akaga; gusukura imyuka isohora umwotsi; kongera gukoresha neza imashini isuka imyanda no kuyihindura.
42. Ni ibihe bisabwa byihariye abakoresha soldering badafite lisansi bafite?

Ambara uturindantoki n'amadarubindi bikingira ubushyuhe; jya usuzuma ubuzima bwawe buri gihe kugira ngo wirinde ubushye no guhumeka umwuka mubi.
43. Ni gute wajugunya imyanda ivanze n'amazi mu mikorere ya THT?

Gushongesha imyanda bigomba kongera gukoreshwa n'ibigo byujuje ibisabwa; imyanda iva mu mazi (ibinyabutabire byangiza) igomba gufungwa no gufatwa n'ibigo by'imyanda byabigize umwuga.
44. Ni ibihe bisabwa kugira ngo umwuka uhumeke mu mazu yo gusoda?

Komeza guhumeka neza kugira ngo urebe ko imyuka mibi iri munsi y’aho igera ku kazi, aho umwuka uhinduka ≥12 mu isaha.
45. Ni izihe ngamba zo kwirinda ku miti ikoreshwa mu bikorwa bya THT?

Flux n'indi miti irashya; komeza kure y'inkongi y'umuriro. Ku miti ihumanya, oza ako kanya nyuma yo kuyikoraho hanyuma ubibike/ukoreshe nk'uko amabwiriza abiteganya.

10. Kunoza imikorere no kugenzura ikiguzi

46. Ni gute wakongera imikorere myiza ya THT?

Kunoza uburyo bwo gushyiramo ibikoresho, gukoresha imashini zikora vuba cyane, kunoza uburyo ibintu bigenda, no kunoza uburyo ibikoresho bihagaze neza.
47. Ni ibihe bice by'ingenzi by'ikiguzi cy'ibikorwa bya THT?

Ibikoresho, PCB, solder/flux, igabanuka ry'agaciro/gusana kw'ibikoresho, abakozi, n'ikiguzi cyo kugenzura.
48. Ni gute wagabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora THT?

Kugura ibintu byinshi kugira ngo bigabanye ikiguzi cy'ibice, kunoza imiterere ya PCB kugira ngo bigabanye imyanda, kunoza umusaruro kugira ngo bigabanye ivugururwa, no gushyira mu gaciro igabanywa ry'umutungo.
49. Ikiguzi cya THT gihwanye gute n'igiciro cya SMT?

THT ifite ishoramari rito ry’ibikoresho ariko ikiguzi cy’abakozi/ibikoresho kiri hejuru. SMT ifite ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho kiri hejuru ariko imikorere myiza/ubucucike buri hejuru, bigatuma ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho mu gihe kirekire kigabanuka.
50. Ni gute wakongera umusaruro wa THT mu gusoda binyuze mu kunoza imikorere?

Kugenzura neza ubushyuhe, igihe, n'ingano y'amazi; kongera ubugenzuzi bw'ibikoresho; kubungabunga ibikoresho buri gihe; amahugurwa y'abakoresha.

11. Porogaramu zihariye n'inzira zivanze

51. Ni izihe nyungu zo guteranya THT/SMT zivanze?

Ihuza uburyo THT ikwiriye ibikoresho bifite ingufu nyinshi hamwe na miniaturization ya SMT ifite ubucucike bwinshi, ihura n'ibikenewe mu miterere y'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi.
52. Ni iyihe nzira y'imikorere yo guteranya THT/SMT ivanze?

Mbere na mbere gushyira SMT, hanyuma THT ishyirwamo hanyuma igashyirwamo soldering (wave cyangwa selective soldering). Menya neza ko ibice bya SMT bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwa THT soldering.
53. Ni gute wakwirinda gutandukana kw'ibice bya SMT mu gihe cyo gusoda mu buryo buvanze?

Koresha kole ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo ukosore ibice bya SMT, uhindure ibipimo byo gusoda mu muraba kugira ngo ugabanye ingaruka, kandi ukoreshe imiraba ibiri kugira ngo ubone imiterere myiza y'umuraba.
54. Ni ibihe byangombwa byihariye THT ifite ku bikorwa byizewe cyane?

Ibice by'ingenzi, PCB, n'ibisudira; kugenzura neza uburyo bwo gusora; intambwe z'inyongera zo kugenzura; gukoresha uburyo bwihariye nko gusora mu buryo bw'umwuka.
55. Ni izihe ngingo z'ingenzi zo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwa THT mu bikorwa bya gisirikare?

Kurikiza cyane amahame ya gisirikare (urugero, GJB), kugenzura ibikoresho fatizo 100%, inzira zo gusora zishobora gukurikiranwa, hamwe n'ibizamini bigezweho (X-ray/ultrasonic).

12. Ikoranabuhanga Rikiri Gutera Imbere n'Iterambere ry'ejo hazaza

56. Ni ibihe bipimo by'iterambere rya THT mu gihe kizaza?

Kwerekeza ku buryo bwikora n'ubuhanga, guhuza ibikoresho bishya n'inzira kugira ngo bihuze n'ibikenewe mu guteranya ingufu nyinshi/ubucucike bwinshi.
57. Ingaruka zo gucapa mu buryo bwa 3D kuri THT ni izihe?

Bituma habaho gukora vuba PCB n'ibikoresho byihariye, bigabanya igihe cyo kubitunganya n'ikiguzi cyo kubitunganya gito.
58. Ni ibihe byiringiro by'ubukorano bwa gihanga (AI) muri THT?

Porogaramu mu gutunganya ibipimo byo gushongesha, kumenya inenge mu buryo bwikora, no guhanura ikibazo cy'ibikoresho kugira ngo hongerwe ubwenge.
59. Ni gute ibikoresho bishya byo gusoda bitera imbere mu iterambere rya THT?

Imashini nshya zo gusoda (urugero: ubushyuhe buke, ubwikorezi bwinshi bw'ubushyuhe) zujuje ibisabwa byihariye kandi zongera ubushobozi bwa THT.
60. Ni izihe mbogamizi n'amahirwe ibisabwa ku bidukikije bizana muri THT?

Imbogamizi: Gukenera ibikoresho/inzira zibungabunga ibidukikije. Amahirwe: Guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga no gukenera isoko rishya.

13. Guhindura ibipimo by'imikorere

61. Ni gute wahindura ibipimo byo gusoda ku miyoboro ikunze gukonja?

Imiyoboro ikonje ikunze guterwa n'ubushyuhe/igihe kidahagije. Ongera ubushyuhe bwa solder ho 5-10℃ n'igihe cyo gukoranaho ho 0.5-1s, buhoro buhoro.
62. Ni gute ubwinshi bw'amazi mu gusora bugira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'ingufu? Ni gute wabihindura?

Kugabanya uburemere bw'ingingo bitera ubukonje bw'ingingo; kwiyongera cyane bitera ibisigazwa byinshi. Genzura uburemere bwihariye: ongeramo imbaraga niba ari nke, uvange imbaraga niba ari nyinshi, kugira ngo ukomeze gukora neza.
63. Ni gute umuvuduko wo gushyiramo ibikoresho bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'imashini zikoresha?

Umuvuduko ukabije utera kugorana cyangwa guhinduka kw'insinga; umuvuduko ugenda gahoro ugabanya imikorere. Menya umuvuduko mwiza binyuze mu igerageza kugira ngo uhuze ubwiza n'imikorere.
64. Ni uruhe ruhare rw'ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya mbere y'igihe mu gusoda kwa THT? Wabushyiraho ute?

Gushyushya bikuraho ubushuhe, bigabanya ubushyuhe, kandi bikongera ubushobozi bwo gutosesha. Bishyirwa kuri 100-150℃, bihujwe n'ibikoresho bya PCB, ubunini, n'ubushyuhe bw'ibice.
65. Ni gute ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere bugira ingaruka ku gusoda kwa THT?

Kuri buri mpinduka ya 10℃ mu bushyuhe bw'ikirere, hindura ubushyuhe bwo gusodera ho 3-5℃. Ubushyuhe buke bugabanya ubushyuhe bwa solder; ubushyuhe bwinshi bwihutisha imyuka iva mu kirere. Shyushya PCB ziri munsi ya 15℃.
66. Ni gute wakwirinda gucika kwa PCB pad muri THT?

Gabanya igihe cyo gusora kugeza kuri sekondi 2-4, irinde gusora kenshi; koresha PCB zifite Tg≥130℃; koresha imbunda zishyushye nkeya (≤350℃) hamwe na flux paste, ugabanye gutandukana kwa pad ho >80%.
67. Ni gute wasuzuma uburyo ingingo za THT solder zidashobora kugira umunaniro?

Isuzuma ry'uruhererekane rw'ubushyuhe (-40℃ ~ 125℃, 500 cycles) kugira ngo harebwe uko imicanga ikwirakwira; SEM yo gusesengura imiterere y'uturemangingo. Igihe cy'umunaniro kigomba kuzuza inshuro eshatu z'umutekano w'igishushanyo.
68. Ni uruhe ruhare rwo kurinda azote mu gusoda kwa THT n'ikoreshwa ryayo?

14. Ibisobanuro birambuye ku mikorere n'uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo

69. Ni gute wafata ibisigazwa by'umukara ku miyoboro ya THT solder?

Ibisigazwa by'umukara akenshi bihinduka carbonization. Koresha flux idakora cyane, ongera ubushyuhe bwa mbere ho 10-15℃, cyangwa usukure hakoreshejwe ultrasound ukoresheje isopropyl alcohol ku ndwara zikomeye.
70. Ni izihe nshingano z'imiraba ibiri mu gusoda imiraba ya THT?

Umuraba uhindagurika (A-wave) usukura imiyoboro kandi utuma imashini zinjira neza; umuraba ugenda neza (B-wave) uhindura ingingo kandi ugakuraho uruziga. Igipimo cy'uburebure gisabwa kuri 1:1.2-1:1.5.
71. Ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko w'imodoka zitwara imizigo bigira izihe ngaruka ku bwiza bw'ingufu za THT?

Ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko >±5% ritera igihe cyo gusora kidahindagurika, bigatuma habaho gukonja cyangwa gusora birenze urugero. Koresha uburyo bwo kugenzura servo bufunganye kugira ngo ugabanye ihindagurika riri hagati ya ±1%.
72. Ni gute wapima ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'amashanyarazi bw'ingingo za solder za THT?

Koresha micro-ohmmeter ifite 1A constant current kugira ngo upime igabanuka ry'amashanyarazi. Ubudahangarwa bw'aho ugera bugomba kuba ≤5mΩ (≤1mΩ ku ngingo zifite amashanyarazi menshi).
73. Ni ibihe bisabwa byihariye kuri THT mu miyoboro yo gushyushya amashanyarazi?

Bisaba uburinzi bwa IP67, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubushuhe bwa 85℃/85%RH bugasaza amasaha 1000; ibyuma bifite ingufu nyinshi bigomba kugira ubushobozi bwo guhangana na ≤0.5mΩ n'imbaraga zo gukurura ≥50N.

15. Ibipimo by'imikorere n'uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibikoresho

74. Ni iyihe sano iri hagati y'ibikubiye mu cyuma gishyuha n'uburyo bwo gusoda bwa THT?

Ubusanzwe ibipimo bikomeye biri hagati ya 10% na 25%. Ubunini bw'ibipimo byongera ibisigazwa; ubunini buke bugabanya gukuraho okiside. 15%-20% ni byo byiza mu gusoda bidafite lisansi.
75. Ni gute wakemura ikibazo cyo kugorama kw'ibice nyuma yo gushyiramo THT?

Reba umuvuduko w'umunwa (0.4-0.6MPa), hindura uburyo bwo gushyiramo icyuma neza (ikosa rya ≤0.1mm), hanyuma ukoreshe kole isanzwe ikozwe mu buryo bwa kole ku bice biremereye.
76. Ni gute washushanya ingano y'ifungura rya PCB solder mask kuri THT?

Uduce duto tugomba kuba tungana na mm 0.1-0.2 ugereranije n'udupira two ku mpande zombi kugira ngo hirindwe kwanduzwa n'udupfukamunwa kandi twongere umusaruro ku kigero cya ~ 15%.
77. Ni izihe genzura ry'ingenzi rya buri munsi ry'ibikoresho bya THT?

Reba ubushyuhe bw'inkono y'amazi (± 3℃), ingano y'amazi ahindagurika (± 5%), uburebure bw'umuraba (1.5-2.5mm), imbaraga z'umuyoboro (20-30N), n'ubudahangarwa bw'ubutaka (≤4Ω).
78. Ni gute wamenya inenge za THT solder ukoresheje AOI?

Shyiraho ibipimo by'imiterere y'ingingo, ibara, inguni yo kunywesha (≤30°), hanyuma ukoreshe imashini yo kwiga kugira ngo ubone igipimo cyo kumenya inenge cya ≥95%.

16. Porogaramu zihariye n'uburyo bwo kwizerwa

79. Ni ibihe bisabwa byihariye kugira ngo transformer ikoreshe icyuma gishongesha amashanyarazi muri THT?

Koresha uburyo bwo gusodera hagati y’ibice byinshi, ongera igihe cyo gusodera kugeza kuri segiteri 4-6; shyiramo uburyo bwo gusodera bufite silver (urugero, Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5) bufite ubushyuhe ≤3℃/W.
80. Ni gute uburebure bw'ubutaka bugira ingaruka ku gusoda kwa THT?

Kuri buri metero 1000 z'uburebure, igitutu cy'ikirere kigabanukaho 10%, aho ubushyuhe bugabanukaho 5-8°C. Gabanya ubushyuhe bwo gusora no kongera imikorere y'amazi.
81. Ni gute wakwitwara mu gushyira ibice bidasanzwe muri THT?

Koresha ibikoresho byihariye cyangwa ubuyobozi bwo kureba bwa robo kugira ngo ubone neza ± 0.02mm; banza ushyireho imigozi idahuye neza kugira ngo ijyane neza.
82. Kuki ingingo za THT solder zihinduka umweru kandi zakosorwa gute?

Uduheri tw'umweru duterwa n'umwanda (urugero, zinc) cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi (>270℃). Simbuza solder hanyuma ukomeze ubushyuhe kuri 230-260℃.
83. Gupima ibikoresho bya THT buri mwaka bikubiyemo iki?

Teganya imiterere y'ubushyuhe (± 5℃), uburebure bw'umuraba (± 0.1mm), ingano y'umuraba (± 10%), n'igihe (± 0.1s) ku bipimo by'ingenzi.

17. Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge n'Amahame Ngenderwaho mu Nganda

84. Ni gute wabarura umusaruro wa THT wa mbere?

Umusaruro wa mbere = (Ibice byose - Ibice bya mbere byatsinzwe) / Ibice byose × 100%. Urwego rwiza cyane ≥98%.
85. Ni ibihe bisabwa kugira ngo umuntu yemererwe gutanga icyemezo cya THT mu bikoresho by'amatangazo ya gari ya moshi?

Bisaba icyemezo cya EN 50121 EMC na EN 50155 cyo kwizerwa ku bidukikije. Ingano za solder zigomba gutsinda ikizamini cya vibration cya 5-50Hz/2g mu gihe cy'amasaha 3.
86. Ni gute imiterere y'ubushyuhe bwa PCB igira ingaruka ku bwiza bwa THT?

Gushyushya umusozi bisabwa kuri 1-3℃/s. Guterera cyane bitera ubushyuhe bwinshi; uburebure budahagije bugabanya imbaraga zo guhindagurika kw'ikirere. Guterera neza bigabanya inenge ho 20%.
87. Ni gute wasuzuma ubushobozi bwo gusora bw'ibicuruzwa bya THT?

Koresha ikizamini cyo kugabanya ubushyuhe: Sn-Pb solder igomba kugera ku mbaraga zo kugabanya ubushyuhe ≤2s kuri 235℃, cyangwa inguni yo kugabanya ubushyuhe ≤25° kugira ngo ikore neza.
88. Ni gute wakwirinda ko ingingo y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi irekura muri THT?

Shyiraho threadlocker (urugero, Loctite 243) kuri torque ya 10-15N・m irwanya kurekura, cyangwa ukoreshe imigozi ya mekanike kugira ngo urinde guhindagura.

18. Kunoza imikorere n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho

89. Ni gute inshuro zo gusora zigira ingaruka ku bwizerwa bw'ingingo za THT?

Gusora inshuro zirenze eshatu byongera ubugari bw'urwego rw'icyuma ku kigero cya 50% kandi bigabanya igihe cyo kunanirwa ku kigero cya 60%. Kugera ku ngero ≤2 kugerageza gusora kuri buri gice.
90. Ni gute wabarura igipimo cyo gukora imyanda ya solder muri THT?

Igipimo cy'imyanda = (Gukoresha solder yose - Gukoresha solder neza) / Gukoresha solder yose × 100%. Igenzura risanzwe ≤3%-5%.
91. Ni ibihe bisabwa ku isuku ya THT mu bikoresho bya gisirikare?

Igomba kuzuza ibipimo bya MIL-P-28809 hamwe n'ubwandu bwa ioni ku buso bwa ≤1.0μg/cm², igeragejwe hakoreshejwe chromatography ya ioni kugira ngo hirindwe ko amashanyarazi yimuka.
92. Ni gute wakongera igipimo cyo gukonjesha mu gusoda kwa THT wave?

Igipimo cyo gukonjesha gisabwa kuri 3-5℃ / s. Kwihuta cyane bitera gucikagurika; gutinda cyane bigabanya imikorere. Koresha umwuka ukabije n'amazi kugira ngo ugenzure neza.
93. Ni hehe THT ishobora guhuzwa n'ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo gusora (urugero, gusora hakoreshejwe laser)?

Mu mbaho zivanze zifite ubucucike bwinshi, koresha uburyo bwa laser bukoreshwa mu gusora SMT no gusora mu mashanyarazi kugira ngo ubone ibikoresho bya THT bifite imbaraga nyinshi; cyangwa ukoreshe uburyo bwa laser bukoreshwa mu gusana ubusembwa bwa THT.

Binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gushyiramo imyobo THT

1. Ibitekerezo n'amahame shingiro

1. Ikoranabuhanga rya Through Hole (THT) ni iki?

2. Ni irihe tandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati ya THT na Surface Mount Technology (SMT)?

3. Ni uruhe ruhererekane rw'imikorere y'ibanze ya THT?

4. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibice by'ikoranabuhanga bikwiriye THT?

5. Ni iyihe minimum via diameter kuri PCB muri THT process?

2. Uburyo bwo gucunga ibice n'uburyo bwo gufata pin

6. Ni izihe miterere zisanzwe z'ibice bya THT?

7. Ni ibihe bisabwa kugira ngo ibikoresho bisonerwe ku bikoresho bisonerwa?

8. Ni gute wakongera ubushobozi bwo gusora ibice by'insinga?

9. Ni ubuhe burebure bukwiye bw'ibice bya THT?

10. Ni gute ibikoresho bitandukanye by'icyuma bigira ingaruka ku gusora?

3. Akanama gashinzwe imikorere y'uruziga (PCB) gafitanye isano

11. Ni ibihe bisabwa ku bikoresho bya PCB mu ikorwa rya THT?

12. Ni ibihe bipimo ngenderwaho byo kwihanganira PCB vias?

13. Ni gute wakwirinda guhindagurika kwa PCB mu gihe cyo gusoda THT?

14. Ni gute ubukana bw'urukuta bugira ingaruka ku gusoda?

15. Ni ibihe bisabwa byihariye kuri PCB zifite ibyiciro byinshi muri THT?

4. Uburyo bwo gusudira - Gusodera mu mazi

16. Ni irihe hame ry'ibanze ryo gusodera mu miraba?

17. Ubushyuhe busanzwe bwo gusoda mu gusoda mu buryo bw'umuraba ni ubuhe?

18. Igihe gisanzwe cyo gusora hakoreshejwe umuraba ni ikihe?

19. Ni gute wahindura uburebure bw'umuraba mu gusoda kw'umuraba?

20. Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gukoresha flux mu gusoda imiraba n'imiterere yabwo?

5. Uburyo bwo gusudira - Gusudira hakoreshejwe intoki n'ibindi

21. Ni gute wagenzura ubushyuhe n'igihe cyo gusora ibice bya THT n'intoki?

22. Ni ibihe biranga n'ikoreshwa rya dip soldering?

23. Ni izihe nyungu zo gusora neza?

24. Ese gusoda bishobora gukoreshwa ku bice bya THT?

25. Ni ibihe bisabwa ku gusoda mu buryo butandukanye bwo gusoda?

6. Solder na Flux

26. Ni ibihe bintu bisanzwe bigize THT solders?

27. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y’ibisundiro bidafite icyuma n’ibisundiro bifite icyuma?

28. Uruhare rw'ingenzi rw'ihindagurika ry'ikirere ni uruhe?

29. Ni gute urwego rw'ibikorwa by'ihindagurika ry'amazi rushyirwa mu byiciro?

30. Ni izihe ngaruka z'ibisigazwa by'amazi ku miyoboro y'amazi?

7. Ibikoresho n'ibikoresho

31. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwikora?

32. Ni ubuhe buryo busanzwe bwo gushyiramo ibikoresho byikora?

33. Kubungabunga buri munsi imashini zikoresha umuraba bikubiyemo iki?

34. Ni izihe ngingo z'ingenzi zo guhitamo no gukoresha ibikoresho byo gusora hakoreshejwe intoki?

35. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu bikorwa bya THT?

8. Kugenzura ubuziranenge no gusesengura inenge

36. Ni izihe nenge zikunze kugaragara mu gusoda kwa THT?

37. Ni izihe mpamvu n'ibisubizo by'indwara y'inkari n'imiti itera?

38. Ni izihe mpamvu n'ingamba zo kwirinda kugira ngo habeho ikiraro?

39. Ni gute wasuzuma ubwiza bwa THT soldering?

40. Ni ibihe bipimo ngenderwaho by'ubuziranenge mu gusoda THT?

9. Kurengera no Kubungabunga ibidukikije

41. Ni ibihe bisabwa ku bidukikije kugira ngo ibikorwa bya THT bigerweho?

42. Ni ibihe bisabwa byihariye abakoresha soldering badafite lisansi bafite?

43. Ni gute wajugunya imyanda ivanze n'amazi mu mikorere ya THT?

44. Ni ibihe bisabwa kugira ngo umwuka uhumeke mu mazu yo gusoda?

45. Ni izihe ngamba zo kwirinda ku miti ikoreshwa mu bikorwa bya THT?

10. Kunoza imikorere no kugenzura ikiguzi

46. ​​Ni gute wakongera imikorere myiza ya THT?

47. Ni ibihe bice by'ingenzi by'ikiguzi cy'ibikorwa bya THT?

48. Ni gute wagabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora THT?

49. Ikiguzi cya THT gihwanye gute n'igiciro cya SMT?

50. Ni gute wakongera umusaruro wa THT mu gusoda binyuze mu kunoza imikorere?

11. Porogaramu zihariye n'inzira zivanze

51. Ni izihe nyungu zo guteranya THT/SMT zivanze?

52. Ni iyihe nzira y'imikorere yo guteranya THT/SMT ivanze?

53. Ni gute wakwirinda gutandukana kw'ibice bya SMT mu gihe cyo gusoda mu buryo buvanze?

54. Ni ibihe byangombwa byihariye THT ifite ku bikorwa byizewe cyane?

55. Ni izihe ngingo z'ingenzi zo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwa THT mu bikorwa bya gisirikare?

12. Ikoranabuhanga Rikiri Gutera Imbere n'Iterambere ry'ejo hazaza

56. Ni ibihe bipimo by'iterambere rya THT mu gihe kizaza?

57. Ingaruka zo gucapa mu buryo bwa 3D kuri THT ni izihe?

58. Ni ibihe byiringiro by'ubukorano bwa gihanga (AI) muri THT?

59. Ni gute ibikoresho bishya byo gusoda bitera imbere mu iterambere rya THT?

60. Ni izihe mbogamizi n'amahirwe ibisabwa ku bidukikije bizana muri THT?

13. Guhindura ibipimo by'imikorere

61. Ni gute wahindura ibipimo byo gusoda ku miyoboro ikunze gukonja?

62. Ni gute ubwinshi bw'amazi mu gusora bugira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'ingufu? Ni gute wabihindura?

63. Ni gute umuvuduko wo gushyiramo ibikoresho bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'imashini zikoresha?

64. Ni uruhe ruhare rw'ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya mbere y'igihe mu gusoda kwa THT? Wabushyiraho ute?

65. Ni gute ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere bugira ingaruka ku gusoda kwa THT?

66. Ni gute wakwirinda gucika kwa PCB pad muri THT?

46. Ni gute wakongera imikorere myiza ya THT?