Ibyiciro bya Moduli

PCB ikomeye

1. PCB ikomeye ni iki?

Urubaho rwacapwe rukozwe mu byuma bikomeye (urugero: fiberglass ya FR4), rudahinduka kandi rudahinduka, rukoreshwa mu bikoresho bisaba ibyuma bihoraho (urugero: motherboards za mudasobwa).
2. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya PCB zikomeye n'izihindagurika?

Ibikoresho: Bikomeye bikoresha fiberglass, bikoroha bikoresha polyimide. Imiterere: Bikomeye ntibishobora gupfunyika, bikoroha bishobora gupfunyika. Imikoreshereze: Bikomeye kugira ngo bihuzwe neza, bikoroha kugira ngo bihuzwe neza.
3. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'imiterere?

Ifite urwego rumwe, urwego rubiri, urwego rwinshi. Ifite urwego rumwe rufite imiyoboro ku ruhande rumwe; urwego rubiri kuri byombi; urwego rwinshi ruhuza urwego ruyobora amashanyarazi binyuze mu buryo bwa vias (urugero, motherboards).
4. Ni ibihe bice by'ingenzi byo gukoresha?

Mudasobwa zo kuri mudasobwa, televiziyo, uburyo bwo kugenzura imikorere y'inganda, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga by'imodoka (mudasobwa zo mu modoka), ibikoresho byo mu kirere bidahungabanya ikirere, nibindi.
5. Ikiguzi kigereranywa gute n'ibikoresho byoroshye byo mu bwoko bwa PCB?

Igiciro gito. PCB zikomeye zifite uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bumaze igihe kinini n'ibikoresho bihendutse; PCB zoroshye zirahenze bitewe n'ibikoresho n'uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bigoye.
6. Ubushyuhe bungana iki?

Ibikoresho bisanzwe bya FR4: -55°C kugeza 125°C ku ikoreshwa risanzwe, 260°C mu gihe gito ku ikoreshwa ridafite icyuma. Ibikoresho byihariye bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi.
7. Ingano rusange ni iyihe?

Kuva kuri cm² nke (amabati mato yo kugenzura) kugeza kuri m² nyinshi (amabati manini ya seriveri).
8. Bite ho ku buremere?

Biterwa n'ingano, urwego, n'ibikoresho. FR4 ifite urwego rwinshi: ~ 1-3 kg / m², iremereye kurusha PCB zoroshye zo mu gace kamwe.
9. Ubuzima busanzwe bwa serivisi ni ubuhe?

Imyaka 10-20+ mu bidukikije bisanzwe; igabanywa ikaba imyaka mu bihe bikomeye (ubushyuhe bwinshi/ubushuhe).
10. Ni iyihe stress ishobora kwihanganira?

FR4 ifite uburyo bwo gukurura imitsi bwa ~100-200MPa, buri hasi cyane ugereranije na PCB zoroshye. Kongera ubunini byongera ubushobozi bwo kwirinda imitsi.
11. Ni ibihe bikoresho bisanzwe by'ubutaka?

FR4 (epoxy ya fiberglass), resin ya phenolic, resin ya epoxy; PTFE ikoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye ku nshuro nyinshi.
12. Ni ibihe biranga FR4?

Gukingira neza amashanyarazi, imiterere ya mekanike, no kudahungabana mu buryo bungana. CTE: 13-17ppm/℃. Ibiciro biri hasi kandi byujuje ubuziranenge.
13. Ni izihe mbogamizi zo gukoresha resin ya phenolic?

Ubushyuhe buke bwo kubora (120-150°C), bushobora gutandukana mu gihe cyo gusora, imiterere mibi y'amashanyarazi/mekanike, CTE nyinshi, kandi bukagira impumuro mbi.
14. Uruhare rw'icyuma gikozwe mu muringa n'ubunini bwacyo rusange ni uruhe?

Ikora imirongo iyobora amazi mu muyoboro w'amazi. Ubunini busanzwe: 0.5oz (17μm), 1oz (35μm), 2oz (70μm). Udupapuro duto two gukoresha mu muyoboro w'amazi menshi.
15. Uruhare rw'urwego rw'agapfukamunwa k'umushongi ni uruhe?

Irinda ubushyuhe kugira ngo irinde imiyoboro migufi, irinda umuringa kwangirika no kwangirika kw'umubiri, kandi itandukanya ahantu hashingiye ku ibara (urugero: icyatsi kibisi, ubururu).
16. Uruhare rw'urupapuro rw'ubudodo n'amabara asanzwe ni uruhe?

Icapa inyuguti/ibimenyetso byo kumenya ibice mu gihe cyo gukora no gukosora amakosa. Ibara risanzwe: umweru; ndetse n'ikijuju, umutuku, umukara, umuhondo, n'ibindi.
17. Ni gute ibintu bitandukanye bigira ingaruka ku mikorere?

FR4: Igiciro gito ku ikoreshwa rusange. Ibikoresho bifite frequency nyinshi (urugero, PTFE): Igihombo gito cy'amajwi kuri 5G. Ibikoresho bya Ceramic: Ubushyuhe bwinshi bukoreshwa mu ikoreshwa ry'ubushyuhe bwinshi.
18. Ni gute wahitamo ibikoresho by'ubutaka?

Tekereza ku byuma by'amashanyarazi (voltage nyinshi/voltage nyinshi), mekanike (vibration), ubushyuhe, n'igiciro. Koresha FR4 ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa n'abaguzi, PTFE ku bikoresho bikoreshwa n'abakoresha, n'ibikoresho bya ceramic ku bikoresho bikoreshwa n'abakoresha umuriro mwinshi.
19. Ni izihe ngingo ngenderwaho z'ibidukikije?

RoHS: Igabanya ibintu biteje akaga (lesde, mercure, nibindi). Nta halogen irimo: Br/Cl
20. Ni gute ibikoresho bishya bigira ingaruka ku iterambere?

Ibikoresho bifite CTE nke birushaho gutuma ubushyuhe buhagarara neza. Ubushyuhe bwinshi butuma ubushyuhe bugabanuka. Ibyuma bikingira ubushyuhe bigabanya ubushyuhe, bigatuma habaho gukora neza no gukora neza.
21. Ni ibihe bintu by'amashanyarazi bigomba kwitabwaho mu gushushanya?

Ubuziranenge bw'ibimenyetso (guhuza impedance, kurwanya reflection/crosstalk), ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu, guhagarara kw'ubutaka, n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuriro.
22. Ni gute wakora igishushanyo mbonera cy'inzira?

Gabanya ibimenyetso, gabanya inzira. Koresha imiyoboro itandukanye ku bimenyetso byihuta cyane no kugabanya imbaraga. Ingufu/ubutaka zikoresha umuringa ukomeye. Module zo gutandukanya kugira ngo wirinde kubangamirana. Ubugari bw'umurongo bushingiye ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi.
23. Ni izihe ngingo z'ingenzi za via design?

Ingano ishingiye ku bunini/umuyoboro w'amazi (imbaho nini zikenera vias nini). Gabanya umubare unyuze mu kubara. Gucukura inyuma kugira ngo ibimenyetso byihuse bikureho ibiti.
24. Guhuza impedance ni iki kandi wabigeraho gute?

Guhuza aho isoko ituruka, umurongo wo kohereza, n'inzitizi zo gushyiramo imizigo kugira ngo bigabanye kugaragara. Bigerwaho hakoreshejwe kugenzura ubugari bw'umurongo, intera, ubugari bwa dielectric, n'uburemere (urugero, ubugari bwa 0.33mm kuri microstrip ya 50Ω kuri FR4).
25. Ni gute wagabanya ikibazo cy’amashanyarazi (EMI)?

Ibice bigabanyamo ibice; shyira ibice by'ibanga kure y'amajwi. Ingufu/imigozi y'ubutaka mu mbaho zifite urwego rwinshi kugira ngo zikingire. Ingufu zikikije ibimenyetso byihuse cyane. Gukuraho capacitors; gutunganya ubutaka neza.
26. Ni ayahe mahame agenga imiterere y'ibice?

Gutandukanya ibikoresho, gutandukanya ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika mu bushyuhe, gushyira ibice bishobora kwangirika cyane, gushyira ibice binini mu mwanya wabyo, no gutuma byoroha kubishyiraho/kubikora.
27. Ni gute washushanya urwego rw'ingufu?

Ingufu zegeranye n'imirongo yo hasi kugira ngo bigabanye umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi. Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi unyuze mu miyoboro. Umuringa ukomeye ku miyoboro y'amashanyarazi; komeza inzira z'amashanyarazi menshi.
28. Ni gute wakemura ikibazo cyo gushonga k'ubushyuhe?

Ibyuma bishyuha n'imirongo y'umuringa munsi y'ibice bishyushye. Ibyuma bishyushya cyane. Imiterere y'umwuka utemba; ongeramo ibicanwa/abafana niba bikenewe.
29. Ni uruhe rugero rusange rw'ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira igishushanyo mbonera?

Umwanya w'umwobo: ± 0.1mm. Ibice bipfundikiye: ± 0.076mm. Ibice bipfundikiye: ± 0.05mm. Ubugari bw'umurongo: ± 10%-20%.
30. Ni izihe porogaramu zo gushushanya?

Altium Designer (ikwiriye igishushanyo mbonera gito kugeza ku giciriritse), Cadence Allegro (ifite urwego rwihuta rw'amabara menshi), Mentor PADS (yoroshye kuyikoresha kandi ikora neza).
31. Ni iyihe nzira yo gukora?

Gucukura → Gucukura → Gushyiramo umuringa → Gushushanya → Gushyiramo irangi → Gushushanya → Gupfuka → Gupfuka igipfukamunwa → Gusiga silkscreen → Kurangiza ubuso → Gushushanya.
32. Ni ibihe bibazo bikunze kugaragara mu gucukura no kubikemura?

Ibibazo: Inkuta zigoye, imiyoboro, imyitozo yangiritse. Ibisubizo: Simbuza imyitozo, ongera umuvuduko/ifunguro, genzura ibikoresho.
33. Uruhare rw'ishyirwa ry'umuringa n'igenzura ry'imfunguzo ni uruhe?

Inshingano: Gukoresha uburyo bwo guhuza inkuta z'imyobo. Uburyo bwo kugenzura: Imiterere y'umuti, ubushyuhe (25-35°C), pH (11-12), isuku mbere yo kuvurwa.
34. Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gufata amashusho n'ibyiza/ibibi byabwo?

Fotolithography: Ubuhanga bwo hejuru kuri HDI, buhendutse kandi bugoye. Gucapa ecran: Ibikoresho bihendutse/byoroshye, ubuhanga buke.
35. Ni gute wagenzura ubugari bw'umuringa mu gupfunyika?

Kugenzura hakoreshejwe ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi, igihe cyo gufunga, n'uburyo amazi akoreshwa mu gupima. Urugero, 1oz (35μm) bisaba iminota 20-30 kuri 2-3A/dm².
36. Ni gute wakwizeza ko gushushanya ari ukuri mu gihe cyo gushushanya?

Genzura ubwinshi bw'ibice, ubushyuhe, igihe, n'umuvuduko w'ibinyabiziga, kandi ukomeze gukoresha ibikoresho buri gihe. Ubwinshi bw'ibice bushobora gutera gucika cyane, mu gihe ubwinshi buke butuma hacika burundu. Komeza ubushyuhe kuri 45-55℃, menya igihe ukurikije ubugari bw'ikibaho, n'ibindi, kandi urebe neza ko igitutu kimwe gikwirakwira neza kugira ngo gikoreshwe neza.
37. Ni ibihe bisabwa ku bwiza bwo gucapa udupfukamunwa two gusoda?

Upfuke urusobe rw'amazi ku buryo bumwe nta gucapa, utwobo two gupfunyika cyangwa uduce duto. Ubunini bw'amavuta ku buso bw'umuringa: 10-18μm, unyuze kuri: 5-8μm. Intera ikwiye uvuye ku nkengero z'urusobe rw'amazi kugira ngo wirinde ko urusobe rw'amazi rupfukirana cyane cyangwa ibyago byo kwangirika k'urusobe rw'amazi.
38. Ni izihe ngamba zo kwirinda mu gucapa inyuguti?

Inyuguti zigomba kuba zisobanutse neza, zuzuye, zifite ibara ryiza, zishyizwe neza nta gufunga ahantu h'ingenzi, kandi zifite uburyo buhamye bwo gufatana (hitamo irangi rikwiye n'uburyo bwo gukaraba).
39. Ni ubuhe buryo busanzwe bwo kurangiza ubuso bwa PCB zikomeye? Ni ibihe biranga?

HASL: Igiciro gito, ubushobozi bwo gusora neza, ubugari buke. ENIG: Iraryoshye, ubushobozi bwo gusora neza no kurwanya ingese, ikiguzi kinini. Ibati ryo mu mazi: Iraryoshye, ubuso bworoshye, igihe cyo kubika. OSP: Igiciro gito, inzira yoroshye, uburyo bwo kubika bugufi.
40. Ni izihe nzira zo gushushanya? Wahitamo ute?

Gukata hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga (ubuhanga bwo hejuru, bukwiriye ingano nini). Gukubita (ubuhanga bwo hejuru, bukwiriye gukorwa mu bwinshi). Gukata hakoreshejwe laser (ubuhanga bwo hejuru cyane, buhendutse, bukwiriye amashami mato mato). Hitamo ukurikije imiterere, ubuhanga, ingano y'itsinda, n'igiciro.
41. Ni ubuhe bugenzuzi busabwa mu gihe cyo gukora PCB zikomeye?

Genzura ingano/ubunini nyuma yo gukata. Genzura aho umwobo uherereye, ingano, n'urukuta nyuma yo gucukura. Genzura ubunini/uburyo umuringa uhagaze nyuma yo gupfundika. Genzura ubuziranenge bw'uruziga nyuma yo gucukura. Genzura ubuziranenge bw'uruziga nyuma yo gucukura. Genzura ubuziranenge bw'agapfukamunwa/inyuguti zo gupfundika. Genzura ubunini/ubufatane bw'igipfukamunwa nyuma yo kurangiza ubuso. Genzura imiterere/inkombe nyuma yo gucukura.
42. Ni gute wapima imikorere y'amashanyarazi ya PCB zikomeye?

Koresha ibikoresho byo gupima indege cyangwa ibikoresho bya ICT. Ishami ripima indege rikwiriye ubwoko buto bw'imashini, ripima imashini zifunguye/zigufi, nibindi. ICT ni iyo gukora ibintu byinshi, ipima imikorere y'amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byihariye.
43. Ni uruhe ruhare rw'igenzura rya X-ray mu gupima PCB mu buryo buhamye?

Gusuzuma hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhuza, ububobere, ubuziranenge bw'umuringa mu mbaho zifite urwego rwinshi. Genzura ingingo za BGA solder n'ibisembwa by'imbere (ibintu byo hanze, delamination) bitangiza.
44. Ni iyihe ngingo ngenderwaho n'ikoreshwa rya AOI (Igenzura ry'Amaso ryikora)?

Kusanya amashusho ukoresheje kamera zikoresha urumuri hanyuma ugereranye n'ibipimo ngenderwaho kugira ngo umenye inenge nk'ibice bibura, imiterere idahwitse, amakabutura magufi. Bishyirwa mu igenzura ry'igihe nyacyo nyuma yo gucapa, gushyiramo, kongera gukoresha solder kugira ngo binoze imikorere n'ubwiza.
45. Ni gute wasuzuma imiterere ya mekanike ya PCB zikomeye?

Ikizamini cyo kunama (reba imiturire ku nguni/ingendo zagenwe). Ikizamini cyo gutonyanga (kwigana ingaruka). Ikizamini cyo kunyeganyega (kwigana imiturire kugira ngo urebe uko ipfundikirwa n'imiterere).
46. Ni gute wahitamo inzira zo kurangiza ubuso bwa PCB zikomeye?

Kuri IPC-4552, ENIG ikwiranye n'ubwirinzi buri hejuru/bwinshi (Ni: 3-5μm, Au: 0.05-0.1μm). OSP ihendutse (ubugari bwa firime: 0.2-0.5μm, ikwiriye kubikwa mu gihe gito). HASL ikuze (ubugari bwa Sn >2.5μm, ubugari buke).
47. Ni gute wakemura inenge zo gukata mu nganda za PCB zikomeye?

Hindura ingano y'umuti (aside etchant: CuCl₂ 180-220g/L, HCl 1.0-1.5mol/L), ubushyuhe 50-55℃. Ku bijyanye no gukata cyane, gabanya umuvuduko wongere umuvuduko wo gusukura kugeza kuri bar 2-3.
48. Ni iki gisabwa kugira ngo PCB zihamye zifatanye mu byiciro bitandukanye zigomba guhindurwa?

Kuri IPC-6012, imbaho rusange zifite ibyiciro byinshi ≤75μm, imbaho za HDI ≤50μm. Ubuziranenge bwo gushyira ahantu hacukurwa hakoreshejwe laser ±25μm, bugenzurwa hakoreshejwe imashini zikoresha uburyo bwo hejuru bwo kwerekana.
49. Ni iki gipimo cy'imbaraga zo kunama kuri PCB zikomeye?

Ibikoresho bya FR-4: uburebure bwa ≥345MPa, uburebure bwa ≥276MPa (ASTM D790). Ubugari bwa 1.6mm ≥300MPa.
50. Ni gute wapima ubunini bw'umuringa bunyuze mu buryo bwa PCB zikomeye?

Gupima ibice bya metallographic (IPC-TM-650, umwobo unyuramo ≥20μm, uhishwe/ushyinguwe unyuze kuri ≥18μm). Isuzuma rya XRF ritangiza (ukuri ± 0.5μm).
51. Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo gupfunyika ubushyuhe bwa PCB zikomeye?

Ubushyuhe: 90-130℃ (60-120s). Agace ko gushongesha: 240-260℃ (gufata 2-4s). Igipimo cyo gukonjesha: 3-6℃/s (J-STD-003).
52. Ubunini rusange bwa maske yo gusoda kuri PCB zikomeye ni ubuhe?

Isanzwe: 15-30μm (IPC-6012), ahantu hanini cyane ≥20μm. Icapa rya ecran: 20-25μm, icukura ryoroheje: 15-20μm.
53. Ubugari/intera ntoya y'umurongo kuri PCB zikomeye ni iyihe?

Ibisanzwe: 6/6mil (0.1524mm). LDI + gushushanya imiti: 3/3mil (0.0762mm). HDI panels: 1/1mil (0.0254mm).
54. Ni gute wahitamo hagati yo gupfuka no gucomeka igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB gikomeye?

Ku bijyanye no gutwara ibintu, hitamo gufunga resin (ubujyakuzimu ≥80% unyuze mu bujyakuzimu, ikosa ryo kugorora ≤10μm). Ku bijyanye no gukingira gusa, hitamo gupfuka (ubugari bwo gupfuka ≥0.1mm).
55. Ni gute wakwitwara mu buryo bugoye mu bikoresho bikomeye bya PCB?

Kuri IPC-J-STD-033, teka kuri 125℃ mu gihe cy'amasaha 4-8 (≤1.6mm: amasaha 4, ＞1.6mm: amasaha 8) kugira ngo ugabanye ubushuhe buri munsi ya 0.1%.
56. Ni gute ubukana bw'icyuma gikozwe mu muringa bugira ingaruka ku ihererekanya ry'ibimenyetso muri PCB zikomeye?

Ubukana bwinshi bwongera ingaruka z'uruhu no kubura ibimenyetso. RTF foil Ra10GHz). VLP foil Ra
57. Ni gute wakuramo uduce duto twometse mu myobo ikomeye ya PCB?

Gusukura imashini ikoresha ubushyuhe (igitutu cya 0.3-0.5MPa, umuvuduko wa 2-3m/umunota). Gucukura mu buryo bwa "chemical-etching" (sodium persulfate 100-150g/L, 40-50℃, iminota 1-2).
58. Ni iki gisabwa kugira ngo PCB zihamye zigenzure neza uburyo bwo kugenzura impedance?

Muri rusange: ifite impera imwe ± 10%, itandukaniro ± 8%. Umuvuduko wo hejuru (> 1Gbps): ifite impera imwe ± 5%, itandukaniro ± 3%, yahinduwe binyuze mu bugari bw'umurongo, uburebure bwa dielectric, uburebure bw'umuringa.
59. Ni iki gipimo cy'amashanyarazi adashobora guhagarara kuri PCB zikomeye?

Kuri UL 796, ibikoresho bya FR-4 ≥1400V/mm kuri 25℃/50% RH. Intera yo gukurura 1mm ihwanye na 100-200V.
60. Igishushanyo mbonera cy’ubushobozi bwo gukora (DFM) cya PCB zikomeye gisuzuma iki cyane cyane?

Ubugari/intera ntoya y'umurongo, ingano y'umurambararo w'umwobo/impande (impande ≥umwobo + 0.4mm iyo umwobo ≥0.3mm), ingano y'ubuso bw'umuringa (30%-70%), ingano y'imashini zicukura (≤8:1), uburebure bw'ikiraro cy'udupfukamunwa two gusoda (≥0.1mm).
61. Ni izihe mpamvu n'ibisubizo byo guhindura imiterere y'ibikoresho mu gihe cyo kongera gukoresha PCB zikomeye?

Impamvu: Kudahuza kwa CTE, ubugari budahuye, umuvuduko w'ubushyuhe udakwiye. Ibisubizo: Hitamo ibikoresho bya CTE ≤15ppm/℃, kugenzura ubugari bwabyo ±0.05mm, kongera umuvuduko w'ubushyuhe ≤3℃/s.
62. Ni iki gisabwa kugira ngo PCB zihamye zishobore kwirinda gushyushya hejuru (SIR)?

Kuri IPC-TM-650, ≥10¹⁰Ω nyuma y'amasaha 168 kuri 85℃/85% RH, ≥10¹²Ω ku bikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, bisaba kugenzura isuku y'ubuso.
63. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y’ibitagaragara n’ibishyingurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukora mu bikoresho bikomeye bya PCB?

Inzira zo gucukura zidafite uburinzi: Gucukura hakoreshejwe laser/mechanical + plating, uburebure bwa ≤0.5mm, kugira ngo ubuso buhuzwe. Inzira zo gucukura zishyinguwe: Gucukura hakoreshejwe mashini + lamination, bisaba guhuza, kugira ngo ibimenyetso by'imbere bigabanuke kugira ngo hagabanywe ibipimo bya parasite.
64. Ni izihe nyungu n'ibibi byo gupima ibyuma biguruka no gupima inzara ku bikoresho bikomeye bya PCB?

Imashini ikora indege: Ifite ubuso >98%, ikwiriye ibyuma bito/ubucucike bwinshi, igenda buhoro (amasegonda 3-5/ingingo). Ifite ubuso: Yihuta (
65. Ubunini bw'icyuma gikozwe mu muringa bugira izihe ngaruka ku gushonga k'ubushyuhe muri PCB zikomeye?

Buri kwiyongera kwa 1oz (35μm) byongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe ku kigero cya 38%. 3oz foil mu gukoresha ingufu nyinshi igabanya izamuka ry'ubushyuhe ku kigero cya 15%-20% ukoresheje uburyo bwo gushyushya.
66. Ubugari bw'ikiraro cy'amavuta y'icyatsi kibisi ni ubuhe ku bikoresho bikomeye bya PCB?

Ibisanzwe: 0.1mm. Imbaho zifite ubucucike bwinshi zifite LDI: 0.075mm, zirinda ko uruziga rusobekerana.
67. Ni ibihe bibazo bikunze kugaragara muri HASL (gupima umwuka ushyushye) kuri PCB zikomeye?

Gusoda ku buryo butangana ku bipfundikizo, ntibihagije binyuze mu gusoda, ubuso budangana. Gusoda ku buryo bwo kugenzura

PCB ikomeye

1. PCB ikomeye ni iki?

2. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya PCB zikomeye n'izihindagurika?

3. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'imiterere?

4. Ni ibihe bice by'ingenzi byo gukoresha?

5. Ikiguzi kigereranywa gute n'ibikoresho byoroshye byo mu bwoko bwa PCB?

6. Ubushyuhe bungana iki?

7. Ingano rusange ni iyihe?

8. Bite ho ku buremere?

9. Ubuzima busanzwe bwa serivisi ni ubuhe?

10. Ni iyihe stress ishobora kwihanganira?

11. Ni ibihe bikoresho bisanzwe by'ubutaka?

12. Ni ibihe biranga FR4?

13. Ni izihe mbogamizi zo gukoresha resin ya phenolic?

14. Uruhare rw'icyuma gikozwe mu muringa n'ubunini bwacyo rusange ni uruhe?

15. Uruhare rw'urwego rw'agapfukamunwa k'umushongi ni uruhe?

16. Uruhare rw'urupapuro rw'ubudodo n'amabara asanzwe ni uruhe?

17. Ni gute ibintu bitandukanye bigira ingaruka ku mikorere?

18. Ni gute wahitamo ibikoresho by'ubutaka?

19. Ni izihe ngingo ngenderwaho z'ibidukikije?

20. Ni gute ibikoresho bishya bigira ingaruka ku iterambere?

21. Ni ibihe bintu by'amashanyarazi bigomba kwitabwaho mu gushushanya?

22. Ni gute wakora igishushanyo mbonera cy'inzira?

23. Ni izihe ngingo z'ingenzi za via design?

24. Guhuza impedance ni iki kandi wabigeraho gute?

25. Ni gute wagabanya ikibazo cy’amashanyarazi (EMI)?

26. Ni ayahe mahame agenga imiterere y'ibice?

27. Ni gute washushanya urwego rw'ingufu?

28. Ni gute wakemura ikibazo cyo gushonga k'ubushyuhe?

29. Ni uruhe rugero rusange rw'ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira igishushanyo mbonera?

30. Ni izihe porogaramu zo gushushanya?

31. Ni iyihe nzira yo gukora?

32. Ni ibihe bibazo bikunze kugaragara mu gucukura no kubikemura?

33. Uruhare rw'ishyirwa ry'umuringa n'igenzura ry'imfunguzo ni uruhe?

34. Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gufata amashusho n'ibyiza/ibibi byabwo?

35. Ni gute wagenzura ubugari bw'umuringa mu gupfunyika?

36. Ni gute wakwizeza ko gushushanya ari ukuri mu gihe cyo gushushanya?

37. Ni ibihe bisabwa ku bwiza bwo gucapa udupfukamunwa two gusoda?

38. Ni izihe ngamba zo kwirinda mu gucapa inyuguti?

39. Ni ubuhe buryo busanzwe bwo kurangiza ubuso bwa PCB zikomeye? Ni ibihe biranga?

40. Ni izihe nzira zo gushushanya? Wahitamo ute?

41. Ni ubuhe bugenzuzi busabwa mu gihe cyo gukora PCB zikomeye?

42. Ni gute wapima imikorere y'amashanyarazi ya PCB zikomeye?

43. Ni uruhe ruhare rw'igenzura rya X-ray mu gupima PCB mu buryo buhamye?

44. Ni iyihe ngingo ngenderwaho n'ikoreshwa rya AOI (Igenzura ry'Amaso ryikora)?

45. Ni gute wasuzuma imiterere ya mekanike ya PCB zikomeye?

46. ​​Ni gute wahitamo inzira zo kurangiza ubuso bwa PCB zikomeye?

47. Ni gute wakemura inenge zo gukata mu nganda za PCB zikomeye?

48. Ni iki gisabwa kugira ngo PCB zihamye zifatanye mu byiciro bitandukanye zigomba guhindurwa?

49. Ni iki gipimo cy'imbaraga zo kunama kuri PCB zikomeye?

50. Ni gute wapima ubunini bw'umuringa bunyuze mu buryo bwa PCB zikomeye?

51. Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo gupfunyika ubushyuhe bwa PCB zikomeye?

52. Ubunini rusange bwa maske yo gusoda kuri PCB zikomeye ni ubuhe?

53. Ubugari/intera ntoya y'umurongo kuri PCB zikomeye ni iyihe?

54. Ni gute wahitamo hagati yo gupfuka no gucomeka igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB gikomeye?

55. Ni gute wakwitwara mu buryo bugoye mu bikoresho bikomeye bya PCB?

56. Ni gute ubukana bw'icyuma gikozwe mu muringa bugira ingaruka ku ihererekanya ry'ibimenyetso muri PCB zikomeye?

57. Ni gute wakuramo uduce duto twometse mu myobo ikomeye ya PCB?

58. Ni iki gisabwa kugira ngo PCB zihamye zigenzure neza uburyo bwo kugenzura impedance?

59. Ni iki gipimo cy'amashanyarazi adashobora guhagarara kuri PCB zikomeye?

60. Igishushanyo mbonera cy’ubushobozi bwo gukora (DFM) cya PCB zikomeye gisuzuma iki cyane cyane?

61. Ni izihe mpamvu n'ibisubizo byo guhindura imiterere y'ibikoresho mu gihe cyo kongera gukoresha PCB zikomeye?

62. Ni iki gisabwa kugira ngo PCB zihamye zishobore kwirinda gushyushya hejuru (SIR)?

63. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y’ibitagaragara n’ibishyingurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukora mu bikoresho bikomeye bya PCB?

64. Ni izihe nyungu n'ibibi byo gupima ibyuma biguruka no gupima inzara ku bikoresho bikomeye bya PCB?

65. Ubunini bw'icyuma gikozwe mu muringa bugira izihe ngaruka ku gushonga k'ubushyuhe muri PCB zikomeye?

66. Ubugari bw'ikiraro cy'amavuta y'icyatsi kibisi ni ubuhe ku bikoresho bikomeye bya PCB?

67. Ni ibihe bibazo bikunze kugaragara muri HASL (gupima umwuka ushyushye) kuri PCB zikomeye?

46. Ni gute wahitamo inzira zo kurangiza ubuso bwa PCB zikomeye?